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Biomedical subjects

S Nishihira

Publications and source records attributed to S Nishihira.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[A case of pneumomediastinum caused by closed tracheal injury during the game of Kendo (Japanese fencing)].

A patient was injured accidentally on his neck during the game of Kendo (Japanese fencing). After his neck injury, he continued to play Kendo because there was no symptom at that time. Starting 10 minutes after the injury, swelling as well as pain on the neck and dyspnea developed gradually. After the admission to the emergency room, computed tomography revealed pneumomediastinum. Nasal endotracheal intubation was performed gently under fiberscopy. Dyspnea and pneumomediastinum improved gradually during the 6 days after the admission. A patient who has received a closed injury on his neck without immediate symptoms or signs must be observed closely because the absence of symptoms or signs does not guarantee the absence of the injury of the trachea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The autonomic innervation of the nasal capacitance and resistance vessels in the cat].

In the present study reflex manners in capacitance and resistance vessels of the nasal mucosa have been observed respectively and simultaneously by stimulating the a) Cervical sympathetic nerve trunk, b) Vagal nerve, c) Vidian nerve, d) sympathectomized Vidian nerve electrically. Capacitance change in the nasal mucosa was measured by plethysmographic balloons inserted into the nasal cavity. Resistance change was measured as the pressure change in the terminal branch of the maxillary artery by using the constant flow perfusion method. a) Stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve trunk evoked a decrease change in the volume of the nasal mucosa and an increase change in the resistance of the maxillary artery. b) Stimulation of the Vagal nerve evoked an increase change in the volume of the nasal mucosa and a decrease change in the resistance of the maxillary artery. c) Stimulation of the Vidian nerve there were observed an increase change in the volume of the nasal mucosa and a decrease change in the resistance of the maxillary artery at the low stimulation intensity, from 0.2 to 0.8 volts. Further increasing the stimulation intensity, from 1.0 to 6.0 volts a decrease change in the volume of the nasal mucosa was observed. In spite of the reverse change in the capacitance vessel, pressure in the maxillary artery still maintained low pressure level. d) Stimulation of the sympathectomized Vidian nerve evoked an increase change in the volume of the nasal mucosa and a decrease change in the maxillary artery. Manner of these reflex was very similar to that of the Vagal nerve stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Repair of motor nerve defects: comparison of suture and fibrin adhesive techniques.

Two groups of rats were used to evaluate the results of nerve repair using fibrin tissue adhesive. In one group of 10 rats, a simple neurotomy of the sciatic nerve was performed. In the second group of 10 rats, a 1-cm segment of sciatic nerve was excised bilaterally and used as an autogenous nerve graft. The neurotomy and the nerve graft were repaired on one side by microsurgical suture technique using 10-0 nylon suture. The opposite side was repaired using fibrin adhesive. The results of the repair were assessed at 12 weeks. Functional assessment of nerve regeneration was performed in those rats with intact repair sites. Nerve-muscle twitch strengths were not significantly different (p greater than 0.05) between nerves repaired using suture and fibrin adhesive; however, compound active potential parameters were significantly better in nerve grafts repaired using suture technique (p less than 0.05).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The use of fibrin glue for the repair of experimental nasal CSF leak in rats].

Surgical repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak requires the production of a seal competent to resist CSF pressure during the period of healing. Direct suturing, packing with muscle and fat grafts, and coverage with mucosal or muscle flaps have been effective in repairing most CSF leaks. Fibrin glue will improve the results of a CSF leak repair by providing better adhesion of the graft and improving the initial seal during healing. Experiments were performed on 39 rats to assess the effectiveness of fibrin glue in repairing experimentally produced CSF leaks. CSF leak was produced by creating defects at the cribriform plate. There were four experimental groups; 1. no treatment control; 2. fibrin adhesive alone; 3. muscle packing alone; 4. fibrin glue with muscle packing. The CSF leaks were evaluated 3 weeks after repairs. Persistent CSF leakage was noted in 89% of group 1, 55% of group 2, 33% of group 3, and 22% of group 4. The result in the muscle plus fibrin glue group suggests that fibrin glue, by its adhesive sealing properties, improves the results of muscle packing alone for the treatment of nasal CSF leak.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Statistical analysis of changes of pediatric nasal patency with growth.

The purpose of this study was to further investigate the changes of pediatric nasal patency with growth. The nasal patency of Japanese children aged 6 to 14 years was measured by active anterior mask rhinomanometry in terms of effective cross-sectional area (ECSA). The total nasal ECSA of the boys studied was larger than that of the girls of the same age groups. Total nasal ECSA was significantly correlated to age and height, as not transformed, and to weight as logarithmically transformed. Moreover, our study suggests that pediatric nasal resistance is inversely proportional to the second power of age, of height, and of body weight; however, it was concluded that the parameter of height was in itself sufficient to permit an approximate calculation of the total nasal ECSA in normal subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The use of fibrin glue for the repair of experimental CSF rhinorrhea.

Surgical repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea requires the production of a seal able to resist cerebrospinal fluid pressure during the period of healing. Direct suturing, packing with muscle and fat grafts, and coverage with mucosal or muscle flaps have been effective in repairing most CSF leaks. Fibrin glue may enhance the results of a CSF leak repair by providing better adhesion of the graft and improving the initial seal during healing. A study was performed on 36 rats to assess the effectiveness of fibrin glue in repairing experimentally produced CSF leaks. CSF rhinorrhea was produced by creating a defect in the anterior cranial fossa through the region of the cribriform plate. There were four treatment groups: 1. no treatment control; 2. fibrin adhesive alone; 3. muscle packing alone; and 4. fibrin glue with muscle packing. The CSF leaks were evaluated 3 weeks after operation. Persistent CSF leakage was noted in 89% of group 1, 55% of group 2, 33% of group 3, and 22% of group 4. The reduced CSF leakage in the muscle plus fibrin glue group suggests that fibrin glue, by its adhesive sealing properties, enhances the results of muscle packing alone for the treatment of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Reflex control of nasal blood vessels.

The effect of stimulation of vagal afferent fibers on nasal blood vessels was studied in 36 cats. Volume change of the nasal capacitance vessels was measured by plethysmographic balloons inserted into the nose. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve produced a vasodilatation of nasal mucosa. Pulmonary stretch receptor stimulation by veratridine alkaloid and progressive lung inflation in open-chest cats also produced a vasodilatation of the nasal mucosa. These reflexes were abolished by sectioning the vagus nerves. These results suggest a reflex arc between the lung and nasal capacitance vessels which arises from pulmonary stretch receptors.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1981

Seasonal variation of sensitivity of nasal mucosa in pollinosis.

The purpose of the present paper is to examine whether hypersensitivity of nasal mucosa observed in nasal allergy is cause or result of allergic reaction using the subjects with pollinosis in which the exposure period can be clearly distinguished. Subjects are 30 cases of Japanese cedar pollinosis and orchard grass pollinosis and 25 normal controls. Inferior turbinate of unilateral nasal cavity was stimulated by a piece of filter paper soaked with 0.02 ml of 0.1% and 0.5% histamine hydrochloride. Frequency of sneezing and amount of nasal secretion were measured quantatively and were compared among the subjects with pollinosis in season, off season, and normal controls. In subjects with pollinosis when stimulated with extrinsic histamine, frequency of sneezing and amount of nasal secretion were markedly enhanced in season, but during off season no apparent difference was observed compared with normal subjects. Relationship between frequency of sneezing and amount of nasal secretion indicated positive correlation (alpha less than 0.01). Positive correlation was also observed in amount of nasal secretion in ipsilateral and contralateral nasal cavity when unilateral nasal cavity was stimulated with histamine (alpha less than 0.01). Hyperrhinorrhea was closely related with hypersensitivity of nasal mucosa. The present study showed that hypersensitivity of nasal mucosa characteristic of nasal allergy is nonspecific and that it is largely a result of antigen antibody reaction, which in turn works in causing exaggeration of the allergic symptoms and allergic reaction through vicious cycle.

Antigens↗
PubMed1981

Respiratory function during physical exercise in normal and obstructed noses.

Four healthy adults with normal nose were asked to pedal an ergometer for 3 min or more at a load of 25, 50, and 75 W/min, respectively. The same procedure was repeated on the same subjects whose nostrils were plugged. Air-flow and pressure difference between the mesopharynx and the nares, FO2 and FCO2, percutaneous-PO2 and ScO2 were recorded on a polygraph. At the start of the exercise, respiration deepened. Nasal resistance (Rn) decreased within 30 s and kept low while the exercise lasted. TcPO2 initially increased slightly for 1 min, then decreased. ScO2 also showed the same pattern, but of very slight range. At the end of the exercise Rn returned to pre-exercise level after slight rebound increase. Recovery of tcPO2 delayed for 30 s and its rebound increase lasted for more than 5 min. In case of nasal obstruction, such sequential changes of these parameters were of the same pattern as those in normal noses but were more evident. The results demonstrated that in case of moderate or severe nasal obstruction the exercise created hypoventilation despite a marked increase in the breathing activity if nasal breathing was continued.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Participation of vascular reflex in mucosal swelling in nasal allergy.

A study was performed to evaluate whether vascular reflex participates in mucosal swelling in nasal allergy, by measuring changes in mucosal swelling in both nasal cavities and changes in blood flow in the bilateral inferior turbinates caused by antigenic challenge in one inferior turbinate. On unilateral challenge, the mucosa of the ipsilateral nasal cavity became swollen, with a concomitant increase in mucosal blood flow. In the contralateral nasal cavity, however, an increase in mucosal blood flow was not necessarily accompanied by mucosal swelling. An increase in mucosal blood flow on antigenic challenge was observed even in nasal mucosa, most of the parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation to which was transected by vidian neurectomy. Vascular reflex certainly participates in nasal allergy but it is not always related to mucosal swelling. Mucosal swelling in nasal allergy is considered to be caused mainly by a direct effect of chemical mediators on nasal vasculature and partly by vascular reflex.

Adolescent↗