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Biomedical subjects

S Notermans

Publications and source records attributed to S Notermans.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Clostridium botulinum type E toxin.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the "double-sandwich" technique was utilized to determine Clostridium botulinum type E toxin. With this technique, about 80 mouse intraperitoneal 50% lethal doses of toxin could be detected. Cross-reaction was hardly observed with C. botulinum type A and B toxins. No cross-reaction was observed with culture supernatants of C. botulinum type C or other Clostridium strains. In all probability this was due to the high specificity of the antiserum prepared aginst the toxic component of type E toxin.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Toxin production by Clostridium botulinum in grass.

Investigations on farms where botulism has occurred in cows showed that proteolytic Clostridium botulinum type B was present in newly made grass silages. Experiments were undertaken to study growth and toxin production of C. botulinum in grass. Of the strains tested only proteolytic strains of C. botulinum types A and B were able to produce toxin with grass as a substrate. Proteolytic strains of type B produced both medium (12S) and large (16S) toxin forms. The minimal water activity (aw) for toxin production at pH 6.5 and 5.8 was 0.94. At pH 5.3, toxin was produced at an aw of 0.985. These results indicate that proteolytic strains of C. botulinum (if present) may multiply and produce toxin in wilted grass silages.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1979

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Clostridium botulinum type B toxin.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using different techniques has been applied to determine botulinum type B toxin. With the so-called "sandwich" technique, about 5,000 mouse ip LD50 of type B toxin can be detected. With the "double-sandwich" technique, about 400 mouse ip LD50 of toxin is detected and different commerical antisera are useful. For accurate quantification of botulinum toxins in culture filtrates, addition of EDTA to samples seems to be necessary. Cross-reactivity of the assay depends on the specificity of the antisera against botulinum type B toxin used and is almost eliminated with antiserum prepared against the toxic component of type B toxin.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Incidence of Clostridium botulinum in the rumen contents and faeces of cattle fed brewers' grains naturally contaminated with Clostridium botulinum (author's transl)].

The number of Clostridium botulinum type B organisms excreted by cattle fed brewers' grains in which these organisms were found to be present and the period for which they were excreted, were studied. Large numbers (10(5) - 10(7) per gramme) of these organisms were detected in the rumen contents and faeces of the animals. When feeding brewers' grains was discontinued, Cl. botulinum type B was still detectable in the faeces for a considerable period (greater than eight weeks). There was evidence to suggest that the number of Cl. botulinum organisms multiplies in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1978

[Studies on the possibility of producing broilers free from Salmonella (author's transl)].

The results of the present study show that the only method by which broilers could be reared free from Salmonella would be to adopt a number of radical measures at the same time. These measures include the production of Salmonella-free one-day chicks, decontaminating the feed, thorough cleansing and decontamination of the houses and preventing the introduction of Salmonella from the environment. Adopting separate measures was found to have a very slight effect.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1978

[Food poisoning in cattle caused by ingestion of brewers' grains contaminated with Clostridium botulinum type B (author's transl)].

In 1977, outbreaks of disease associated with serious losses occurred on twenty cattle farms. This disease was due to the fact that the animals had been fed brewers' grains. The clinical picture was marked by anorexia, profuse salivation, regurgitation and dehydration. The course of the disease varied with the severity of the attack. Toxicological tests were negative. Cl. botulinum type B as well as toxin type B were found to be present in the brewers' grains fairly often. As a rule, Cl. botulinum was also detected in the rumen contents and faeces. The treatment of the animals is described; this resulted in recovery in a number of cases. When experimental animals were fed brewers' grains from farms on which outbreaks had occurred, this induced similar clinical pictures. The results of studies on the aetiology and pathogenesis are discussed. It is concluded that the clinical picture was an atypical form of botulism caused by Cl. botulinum type B. Possible causes of this abnormal clinical picture are discussed in greater detail.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1978

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Clostridium botulinum toxin type A.

The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using the so-called "double-sandwich technique" has been applied to determine botulinum toxin type A. By this assay, 50-100 mouse ip LD50 of toxin type A can be detected. No cross-reaction occurs with botulinum toxins of other types tested. In all probability this is due to the high specificity of the antiserum prepared against the toxic component of type A toxin.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Changes in carotid flow velocity induced by direct percutaneous carotid angiography in man.

Quantitative percutaneous flow velocity measurements are possible in carotid arteries. The results of the direct percutaneous angiography were measured by means of a Doppler directional flow velocity device and registered on a polygraphy. The results indicate an increase in the flow velocity of the injected as well as the non-injected carotid system. This implies that there are no local constrictions of the carotid artery following intervention and, furthermore, it implies a systematic effect of the puncture and injection itself, or of the contrast medium, on the whole cerebral circulation. A diffuse vasodilatation, at least in the cerebral circulation, is postulated. The possible implications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Studies on the estimation of the hygienic condition of frozen broiler chickens.

Various sampling techniques to determine the aerobic, E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae counts and to detect the presence of salmonellas were compared. As a simple method for the detection of salmonellas a modified Surkeiwicz procedure using both drip and rinse water is advocated. To evaluate hygiene during processing, determination of the number of Enterobacteriaceae in pieces of skin from the ventral, lateral and breast region is preferred.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1975

[Quantitative studies for the presence of Salmonellae in deep frozen broiler chickens (author's transl)].

When poultry carcasses were examined immediately prior to deep freezing those which were contaminated with salmonellae were generally found to contain about 17/100 g skin. In two instances more than 1400 salmonellae/100 g skin were found to be present. After deep freezing and thawing a 5 fold reduction had occurred in the numbers of salmonellae present. A high positive correlation was found between the number of Salmonella organisms on the skin and that in the thaw water.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Contamination of broiler chickens by Salmonella during processing in a number of poultry-processing plants (author's transl)].

The mechanism of cross examination with Salmonella during processing was studied. For this purpose, various flocks were examined for the presence of Salmonella at various points in the slaughter-line during processing. The results show that not all Salmonella organisms present on the skin are killed during scalding at 55 degrees C. Contamination with Salmonella shows a marked increase during plucking. This increase is due, among other things, to the ways of processing. Evisceration did not cause a considerable change in contamination with Salmonella. It is apparent from the results that chillers may be used in a variety of ways, which has a markedly different effect on contamination. The studies show that the effect of a spinchiller is closely associated with that of processing on the whole slaughter line.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Heat destruction of some bacterial strains attached to broiler skin.

1. Heat destruction of bacteria attached to the skin did not occur at a logarithmic rate provided the temperature was above 51 degrees C. 2. It was concluded that the bacteria are protected by their location in the skin surface rather than by polymers produced during attachment. 3. An analogous process is considered to take place during the scalding of broilers, since bacteria which survived were difficult to remove from the carcasses during further processing.

Animals↗