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Biomedical subjects

S Nozoe

Publications and source records attributed to S Nozoe.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Histaminergic and serotonergic receptor blocking substances from the medicinal plant Garcinia mangostana.

A crude methanolic extract of the fruit hull of Mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana L. inhibited the contractions of isolated thoracic rabbit aorta induced by histamine and serotonin. The extract of the fruit hull has been fractionated by silica gel chromatography, monitoring the pharmacological activity to give alpha- and gamma-mangostin. On the basis of pharmacological data, it is suggested that alpha-mangostin and gamma-mangostin are a histaminergic and a serotonergic receptor blocking agent, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The culture fluid of Isaira japonica yasuda augments anti-sheep red blood cell antibody response in mice.

Isaria japonica YASUDA was cultured in a liquid medium, and its culture fluid (IJCE) was tested for stimulatory activity to humoral antibody production. IJCE significantly enhanced the production of anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) plaque forming cells (PFC) by oral ingestions at 10 and 30 mg/kg/d for 4 consecutive days, either before or after SRBC challenge. It also recovered the reduction of anti-SRBC PFC response and number of spleen cells caused by treatment with 5-fluorouracil. It is suggested that IJCE is a promising source for an immunomodulating tool or medicine.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1996

The mode of inhibitory action of alpha-mangostin, a novel inhibitor, on the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-pumping ATPase from rabbit skeletal muscle.

alpha-Mangostin, the principal ingredient of the fruit hull of Garcinia mangostana, caused a concentration-dependent decrease in the activities of both Ca(2+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-transport of the sarcoplasmic reticulum from rabbit skeletal muscle with an IC50 value of 5 microM. Neither Ca2+ release nor other enzyme activities were affected by alpha-mangostin. Kinetic analysis of the inhibitory effects of alpha-mangostin on Ca(2+)-ATPase suggests that the inhibition of the ATPase is a noncompetitive-type with respect to ATP or Ca2+. alpha-Mangostin may become a useful pharmacological tool for clarifying the physiological functions of Ca(2+)-pumping ATPase and sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1995

Clinical features of patients with anorexia nervosa: assessment of factors influencing the duration of in-patient treatment.

We investigated that factors affecting the duration of in-patient treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa by comparing pretreatment clinical features with the length of hospitalization in 55 patients. Only patients who had completed the entire course of treatment were included in our analysis. Longer hospitalization was correlated with: poor social adaptation; anxiety and/or personality disorders before onset; older age at onset; older age at admission to our hospital; lower minimum body weight after onset; lower body weight at admission; longer duration of illness; frequent previous hospital treatment and/or history of in-patient treatment for anorexia nervosa or other somatic disorders after onset; habitual stimulant (alcohol, coffee and/or cigarettes) abuse; and a history of stealing after onset. Step-wise regression analysis revealed that minimum body weight after onset and age at admission explained 47% of the variance in the duration of in-patient treatment. We also describe the nature of in patient treatment typically offered to patients with anorexia nervosa in Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with eating disorders.

We used single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with Tc-99m-HMPAO to examine the characteristics of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in five patients with bulimia nervosa (BN), eight patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), and in nine healthy controls. The SPECT examinations were performed before and after food intake stimulus, and the values of the corrected ratio (R) for rCBF in 10 cerebral cortical regions before (Rbefore) and after eating (Rafter) were calculated. The asymmetry indices (AI) of the R values for the left and right side of each cortical region and the percent change from Rbefore to Rafter (%change) were computed. In comparison with the other two groups, BN patients showed significantly higher Rbefore values in the bilateral inferior frontal and left temporal regions. The AN patients showed significantly lower Rbefore values in the left parietal region than the control group. There were no significant differences in Rafter values among the three groups. The %change values in the AN group showed the greatest increase in 9 out of the 10 regions. In contrast to the positive values obtained from the 10 regions observed in the AN group, 5 out of the 10 regions in the BN group showed negative values. Among the three groups, significant differences in %change were observed on both sides of the inferior frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital regions. These findings indicate that differences in cerebral function of BN and AN patients can be characterized through SPECT imaging.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Percutaneous intracavitary antifungals for a patient with pulmonary aspergilloma; with a special reference to in vivo efficacies and in vitro susceptibility results.

A 61-year-old man with pulmonary aspergilloma received two antifungals intracavitarily. Although clinical, serological and roentgenographic improvement were observed with fluconazole therapy, bronchial secretions continuously yielded Aspergillus fumigatus. When fluconazole was switched to amphotericin B, the pathogen was eradicated immediately. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the isolate were 400 micrograms/ml for fluconazole, and 0.2 microgram/ml for amphotericin B. Although the discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo efficacy of antifungals has been argued, it was suggested the drug of choice should be selected on the basis of the MIC results at least in the intracavitary antifungal therapy for pulmonary aspergilloma.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1994

Confluentic acid and 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid, monoamine oxidase B inhibitors in a Brazilian plant, Himatanthus sucuuba.

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors were isolated from the bark of a Brazilian plant, Himatanthus sucuuba (SPR.). Assignments of the 1H- and 13C-NMR data using two dimensional (2D)-NMR techniques showed the active components to be known lichen depsides, confluentic acid (1) and 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid (2). The depside (1) showed selective inhibition of MAO-B with IC50 value of 0.22 microM.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of depression in rats exposed to chronic (unpredictable) electric shock.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the applicability of a proposed behavioral stress paradigm as an animal model for depression. Rats were trained to press a lever under a fixed ratio (FR) 5 schedule in a Skinner box for 10 days and were subsequently exposed to a daily regimen of 20 cycles of FR 5 and 10 cycles of variable ratio (VR) 10 for about a week. This exposure resulted in a reduction of the number of lever presses and successful escapes compared to the level achieved after training. In addition, weight gain was significantly suppressed compared with other treatments. Acute and chronic administration of psychotropic drugs (imipramine and chlordiazepoxide) showed that treatment with imipramine increased both the number of lever presses and successful escapes while chlordiazepoxide increased only the number of lever presses. The results suggest that this simplified animal model utilizing chronic unpredictable electric shock may be useful in the study of human depression.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

(2R), (1'R) and (2R), (1'S)-2-amino-3-(1,2-dicarboxyethylthio)propanoic acids from Amanita pantherina. Antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.

An antagonist of NMDA-sensitive glutamate receptors in rat brain membrane and rat spinal motoneurones was isolated from Amanita pantherina and identified as a diastereoisomeric mixture of 2-amino-3-(1,2-dicarboxyethylthio)propanoic acids. The mixture was separated and the absolute configurations of the components were determined as (2R), (1'R) and (2R), (1'S), by analysis of the optical properties.

Amanita↗
PubMed1992

Selective inhibition of T-cell-dependent immune responses by bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids in vivo.

The bisbenzylisoquinoline (BBI) alkaloids, chondocurine, tetrandrine, isotetrandrine and cepharanthine, were tested for immunosuppressive activity in mice. A plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to a T-cell-dependent antigen, sheep red blood cell, was significantly suppressed by a 7 day treatment of chondocurine or tetrandrine at 1 mg/kg/day and of isotetrandrine at 50 mg/kg/day, but not suppressed by cepharanthine treatment. The suppressive effect of chondocurine was greater when it was given after immunization rather than before or concurrently. However, it did not affect the PFC response to a T-cell-independent antigen, lipopolysaccharide. A delayed-type hypersensitivity was also suppressed by chondocurine treatment. There was no significant change in lymphocyte number and proportion of T-cell subsets in the BBI alkaloid-treated mice. These data suggest that there is selective inhibition by chondocurine and tetrandrine of the T-cell-dependent immune reactions.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1992

Cytokine-related immunopotentiating activities of paramylon, a beta-(1-->3)-D-glucan from Euglena gracilis.

Paramylon, a beta-(1-->3)-D-glucan, isolated from Euglena gracilis, was tested for its adjuvant activity on the antibody response to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) in mice. Paramylon markedly enhanced anti-SRBC plaque-forming cell production at a dose of 10 mg/kg. It was also found that in vitro addition of lipopolysaccharide in culture to macrophages from paramylon-treated mice produced a large amount of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and there was a significant level of interleukin 6 (IL-6) induced transiently in the blood of these mice. As IL-1 and IL-6 play crucial roles in the immune response to T cell-dependent antigens like SRBC, the immunopotentiating effect of paramylon might be expressed through the action of these cytokines.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1992

Repandiol, a new cytotoxic diepoxide from the mushrooms Hydnum repandum and H. repandum var. album.

Repandiol, a new cytotoxic diepoxide has been isolated from the mushrooms Hydnum repandum and H. repandum var. album. The chemical structure was elucidated as (2R,3R,8R,9R)-4,6-decadiyne-2,3:8,9-diepoxy-1,10-diol on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The structure was confirmed by the synthesis of optically active repandiol. Repandiol displayed potent cytotoxic activity against various tumor cells.

Alkynes↗