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Biomedical subjects

S Offenbacher

Publications and source records attributed to S Offenbacher.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Depressed leukotriene B4 chemotactic response of neutrophils from localized juvenile periodontitis patients.

Previous studies have demonstrated that certain local juvenile periodontitis (LJP) patients possess neutrophils with an intrinsic chemotactic defect to the peptide chemoattractants f-met-leu-phe (FMLP) and C5a. In this investigation, the in vitro response of neutrophils to the chemotactic agent leukotriene B4 (LTB4) was examined. Those LJP patients who possessed defective chemotactic responses to FMLP and endotoxin activated serum (EAS) also had impaired chemotaxis to LTB4. Exogenous LTB4 failed to augment the impaired response to FMLP. Evidence for a global membrane defect in LJP neutrophils resulting in hyporesponsiveness to chemically diverse chemotactic agents is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Potential role of microorganisms isolated from periodontal lesions in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.

A total of 20 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) were evaluated with regard to the role of infectious agents and host response. Patients were selected based upon oral manifestations of their disease, 10 with periodontal disease and 10 without. Microbiologic studies of the periodontal flora of IBD-affected patients revealed a unique microflora composed predominantly of small, motile, gram-negative rods, which were most consistent with the genus Wolinella. Further studies of the host response of these patients revealed a serum-mediated defect in neutrophil chemotaxis in all 10 patients with periodontal disease. Neutrophil phagocytosis was normal. In vitro studies of neutrophil function in response to Wolinella extracts and culture supernatants revealed inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis in a dose-response fashion. The organism was chemokinetic for neutrophils but not chemotactic. The data suggest that unusual microorganisms colonizing the oral cavity of IBD patients potentially play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease as infectious agents or modifiers of the host response or both.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1986

Neutrophil function in localized juvenile periodontitis. Phagocytosis, superoxide production and specific granule release.

Patients with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) exhibit defective neutrophil functions to a variety of environmental and host stimuli. It is not clear, however, how many of the measurable functions are defective and whether individual patients exhibit single or multiple dysfunctions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate chemotaxis, phagocytosis, specific granule release and superoxide production in a group of 23 previously unreported LJP patients. Our results indicate that all 23 of these LJP patients exhibited chemotaxis depression to N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP) and endotoxin-activated serum (EAS). Smaller groups from the 23 chemotactically defective LJP group were used to test other function due to inability to obtain sufficient quantities of blood. Fourteen of 14 LJP patients tested exhibited defective phagocytosis. Ten LJP patients were evaluated for specific granule release, and 14 LJP patients were evaluated for superoxide production. Both granule release and superoxide production were found to be normal in chemotactically defective LJP patients. Since both defective and normal responses noted in the same neutrophil populations are mediated by the same receptor, it is hypothesized that the cellular defect lies in a post receptor pathway.

Aggressive Periodontitis↗
PubMed1985

The microbial morphotypes associated with periodontal health and adult periodontitis: composition and distribution.

Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from 162 sites in 27 adult periodontitis patients and 162 sites in 27 healthy patients using a standardized lavage technique. The distribution of 10 different microbial morphotypes was determined by darkfield microscopy. The lavage technique selectively samples the loosely adherent plaque at the base of the periodontal pocket and not the tooth-associated, adherent plaque. This standardized technique permits quantitative comparisons of numerical density of morphotype composition at different sites, in addition to qualitative comparisons or relative proportions. There was a significant positive association between the numerical density of each morphotype within the non-adherent plaque and the number of sites at which the organism was detected in both healthy and diseased subjects. A previously undescribed darkfield morphotype, has been detected with this method. This morphotype, a small motile coccobacillus (S-MO-CB) has been found to be the numerically dominant species in both health and disease. This morphotype has been recovered in pure culture following passage through a 0.4 mu filter and includes organisms of the Wollinella and Campylobacter genus. Non-motile organisms comprised less than 1-2% of the sample from healthy and diseased sites. Motile forms, such as spirochetes, had a high frequency of detection in healthy individuals. Analysis of pooled plaque samples revealed that the prevalence of cocci and fusiforms was significantly elevated in patients with healthy periodontium, as compared to patients with adult periodontitis. In adult periodontitis patients, the frequency of occurrence of medium spirochetes, filaments and small nonmotile rods was significantly elevated in pooled plaque. Analysis of individual sites indicated that the proportion and numerical density of most morphotypes within the non-adherent plaque were not significantly different in disease as compared to health. Disease is characterized by an increased % of small spirochetes and fusiforms at each site. At diseased sites which harbor small spirochetes, the numerical density is elevated four-fold, as compared to healthy sites which have small spirochetes. The numerical density of other morphotypes is not significantly different comparing healthy sites to diseased sites. Thus, the increase in the % of small spirochetes in disease in due to a site-localized four-fold increase in numerical density within the non-adherent plaque.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effects of smokeless tobacco on the periodontal, mucosal and caries status of adolescent males.

The use of smokeless tobacco (ST) products, such as snuff and chewing tobacco, was investigated in a school population of 565 males with a mean age of 13.8 years. All students completed a tobacco usage questionnaire and were given intraoral examinations by a team of dentists to determine the possible relationship of ST usage to the presence of gingivitis, gingival recession, mucosal pathology and caries. The overall prevalence of ST usage was 13.3%, which was much higher than the 1.4% prevalence of cigarette smoking. Pairwise chi square analysis revealed that there was no relationship between ST usage and the prevalence of gingivitis, but that the prevalence of gingival recession was significantly elevated in ST users, P less than 0.001. The odds of having gingival recession were 9 times greater in the students using smokeless tobacco as compared to healthy, non-user cohorts. ST usage did not affect the prevalence of gingival recession in students without gingivitis. The frequency of occurrence of soft tissue pathology was significantly elevated, about 6-fold in students who used smokeless tobacco, as compared to non-users, P less than 0.01. This was principally due to the increased prevalence of white mucosal lesions in smokeless tobacco users. However, there was no attributable risk for mucosal pathology in ST users who were free of gingivitis. Similarly, the use of smokeless tobacco was associated with a 1.6-fold elevation in mean DMF in students with gingivitis, P less than 0.001, but this increase in caries experience was not seen in ST users who were free of gingivitis. In summary, in students with clean mouths that were free of gingivitis, the use of smokeless tobacco was not associated with a change in the prevalence of gingival recession, mucosal pathology, or in the mean DMF score. In contrast, smokeless tobacco usage was a significant risk factor in individuals with co-existing gingivitis, associated with a marked increase in the prevalence of gingival recession, mucosal pathology and caries experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Periodontal disease treatment by local drug delivery.

The subgingival microbiologic composition of diseased periodontal sites was evaluated by darkfield microscopy before and after scaling or local delivery of tetracycline. A standardized sampling and counting method using a crevicular washing technique was developed to determine both numbers and proportions of morphotypes using darkfield microscopy. Tetracycline-loaded hollow fibers established an initial intrasulcular concentration of 200,000 micrograms/ml, which decreased exponentially to 15 micrograms/ml in 24 hours. Repetitive intrasulcular placement of these fibers at periodontitis sites produced an incremental reduction in bacterial counts over a 10-day period. Monolithic fibers made of ethylene vinyl acetate loaded with 25% tetracycline hydrochloride provided sustained release for 10 days under in vitro test conditions. Ten patients were treated in a study comparing the effects of these fibers with scaling. Fibers were placed subgingivally to fill pockets to their probable depth and covered with a periodontal dressing which was maintained for 10 days. The average intrasulcular tetracycline concentration measured at the end of the 10-day period was 643 micrograms/ml. At these sites, total counts, spirochetes, motile rods and nonmotile rods were significantly reduced immediately following treatment. Total counts were depressed to levels near the detection limit of darkfield microscopy. In comparison, scaling produced much smaller alterations of darkfield counts which were not statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The similarity of periodontal microorganisms between husband and wife cohabitants. Association or transmission?

Fourteen married couples were studied to determine the degree of similarity of the periodontal subgingival flora between paired contralateral sites and between couples. Six sites per person were sampled by a subgingival lavage technique and 10 darkfield morphotypes enumerated at each site. Cross-arch matching revealed a positive association for the presence of medium spirochetes, filaments, large motile rods and cocci (P less than 0.05). The odds that medium spirochetes will be detected at a subgingival site are elevated 7-fold, if present at the contralateral site. Similarly, the odds ratio for filaments was 4.0, 1.3 for large motile rods and 1.6 for cocci. Analysis of data, pairing between couples, revealed a positive association for medium spirochetes and filaments (P less than 0.05). No significant associations were found for randomized pairs of couples using matched sites as controls. The odds of medium spirochetes being present in a patient are 3 times greater if the morphotype is present in the spouse and 30% greater for filaments. Although an individual is "at risk" if these morphotypes are present in the spouse, analyses failed to demonstrate that the presence of any morphotype depends upon, or requires the presence of, that morphotype in the spouse.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Evidence for polyphosphate in phosphorylated nonhistone nuclear proteins.

Structural studies of eucaryotic nuclear proteins have revealed the presence of bound polymeric phosphates. 32P-labeled and nonlabeled nonhistone nuclear proteins (NHPs) were isolated from rat liver nuclei and subjected to various controlled hydrolytic conditions. The analysis of protease-trypsin limit peptides revealed the presence of six phosphorylated, homogeneous fragments with phosphate/amino acid molar ratios greater than unity, ranging from 1.3 to 79. Alkaline beta elimination of phosphoester bonds released polymeric phosphates with chain lengths from 2 to over 200, as determined by using two-dimensional chromatographic analysis. The identity of these labeled polymeric phosphates was established to be polyphosphate by a number of criteria, including chromatographic mobility, gravimetric precipitation to constant specific activity, generation of orthophosphate on hydrolysis, and the determination of the delta H of hydrolysis of phosphoanhydride bonds. The evidence suggests that, in addition to the phosphomonoesters of serine and threonine, multiple phosphoanhydride linkages can result in the formation of polyphosphorylated NHPs. Previous investigators have demonstrated that exogenous, free polyphosphate causes destabilization of chromatin and enhancement of transcription in vitro. Although the function of the polyphosphorylated NHPs is currently unknown, such findings have possible functional implications with regard to the postulated role of NHPs as positive modifiers of gene expression.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

Measurement of prostaglandin E in crevicular fluid.

A method for the detection of prostaglandin E (PGE) in crevicular fluid has been developed which provides a sensitive, noninvasive technique for measurement of local concentrations of this mediator of inflammation. Assay sensitivity sufficient for the detection of 4 picograms of PGE2 was achieved by utilizing a high-affinity anti-PGE2 antibody, a solid-state second antibody and low isotope concentrations. The method permits detection of concentrations equivalent to 10(-8) M PGE2 in 1 microliter of crevicular fluid. Crevicular fluid PGE (CFPGE) concentrations were determined in samples from 12 patients with periodontal disease. Patients with periodontitis had significantly higher mean CFPGE concentrations than patients with gingivitis (179.5 +/- 51.4 pg/microliter vs 32.1 +/- 15.5 pg/microliter, mean +/- SEM). Periodontitis sites were selected on the basis of clinical and radiographic evidence of periodontal destruction. Some sites displayed low CFPGE levels, while others had CFPGE concentrations which were elevated tenfold, suggesting the presence of both inactive and active periodontal lesions. CFPGE levels greater than 100 pg/microliter were positively associated with gingival erythema and pain on probing.

Gingival Crevicular Fluid↗
PubMed1980

Characterization of osteoblast-like cells from fetal rat calvaria.

An improved method is described for the isolation of osteoblast-like cells from fetal rat calvaria. The cells are mononuclear, 8.3 mu in diameter, alkaline phosphate positive, and possess rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi, and cytoplasmic processes. Isolated bone cells synthesize collagen and cholesterol, grow to confluence in primary culture, and respond to hormonal stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The clinical, microbial, and host response characteristics of the failing implant.

The goal of this study was to provide new data regarding levels of inflammatory and growth factor mediators and bacterial pathogens associated with failing implants, as compared to healthy implants. Twenty-one patients with failing implant sites (group 1) and 8 patients with only healthy implants (group 2) were included. Fifteen of the 21 failing implant patients (group 1) also presented with at least one stable nondiseased implant. Plaque samples were examined, using DNA oligonucleotide probes for 40 different microbes. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected for the analyses of catabolic bone resorbing agonists prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and IL-6 and anabolic bone-forming growth factors transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Although positive trends were noted, there were no significant differences in any of the microbial, inflammatory, or growth factors mediators comparing failing to stable implants in group 1. This study found greater detection frequencies of P. nigrescens, P. micros, F. nucleatum ss vincentii, and F. nucleatum ss nucleatum, as well as significant elevations in GCF levels of PGE2, IL-1 beta, and PDGF in mouths with failing implant sites as compared to mouths with healthy control implants. Risk appears to be primarily at a patient level and secondarily at a site or implant level from a clinical, microbial (P. micros and P. nigrescens), and biochemical (PGE2 and IL-1 beta) perspective. Furthermore, the counts of P. nigrescens and P. micros were found to correlate with concentrations of PGE2 at a site level.

Adult↗