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Biomedical subjects

S Ohdama

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohdama.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Plasma thrombomodulin in health and diseases.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblot analysis of plasma thrombomodulin concentrate revealed that four degraded forms of thrombomodulin with different molecular weights are present in plasma. Plasma concentrations of thrombomodulin in patients with various diseases were measured by two methods of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies. One method measures intact thrombomodulin and degraded forms of thrombomodulin; the other does not detect the two smaller degraded forms of thrombomodulin present in plasma. The results indicated that thrombomodulin was increased in the circulating blood of patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, pulmonary thromboembolism, adult respiratory distress syndrome, chronic renal failure, or acute hepatic failure. The different values obtained by the two methods indicate that the increase of plasma thrombomodulin found in these patients was mainly due to an increase of the smaller fragments of degraded forms, suggesting that the release of thrombomodulin from endothelial cells was accelerated in various disease states by proteolytic activity generated on the surface of the endothelium and may be removed from the circulation mostly by the kidneys and liver.

Blood Coagulation Disorders↗
PubMed1990

[The role of chemotactic factors in the pathogenesis of sarcoid granuloma formation].

There is evidence suggesting that macrophages and epithelioid cells, predominant cells in sarcoid granuloma, are derived from circulating monocytes on a gradient of chemotactic factors between the lesion and the circulation. A previous study by the author showed that epithelioid cells and lymphocytes from sarcoid granulomas released chemotactic factors to attract blood-derived mononuclear cells. The present study was undertaken to further explore the role of chemotactic factors in the pathogenesis of sarcoid granuloma formation. Twenty two sarcoid patients, 14 patients with active pulmonary involvement and 8 patients without pulmonary involvement, were lavaged and the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were evaluated for chemotactic activity. Chemotactic activity was detected in BAL fluid from sarcoid patients with active pulmonary disease, but not from those without pulmonary involvement. Chemotactic activity for mononuclear cells in the BAL fluid correlated with the percentage of lymphocyte numbers (r = 0.702, p less than 0.05) and number of CD4+ lymphocytes (r = 0.796 p less than 0.02) present in the BAL fluids, which has been proved to reflect disease activity. Chemotactic activity was independent of the amounts of albumin in BAI fluid (r = 0.271, p less than 0.10). Chemotactic factors in BAL fluid were eluted in 4 different regions on molecular sieving and were stable at 56 degrees C for 30 min. However, chemotactic activities were abolished completely by treatment at 100 degrees C for 30 min or trypsinization. Our observations suggest that chemotactic activity in BAL fluid from sarcoid patients reflects the disease activity contributing to formation of sarcoid granulomas.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1988

The significance of complement activation in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: sequential changes of complement components and chemotactic activities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is believed to be induced by immunological mechanisms, the details of which remain to be clarified. While a role for cellular immunity is accepted in the pathogenesis of HP, several clinical observations also suggest a role for immune-complex-mediated lung injury. We have previously demonstrated the presence of chemotactic factors for polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids of acutely ill patients with the summer type of HP found in Japan. The present study correlated chemotactic factors for PMNs with the level of C5a des Arg in BAL fluids obtained from patients with summer type HP. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that PMNs were increased in BAL fluids obtained after 2 days of avoidance of exposure to the presumptive causative agent. The percentage of PMNs in the BAL increased in proportion to the activity of the chemotactic factors. Finally, leukotriene B4 was not detected in concentrated BAL or supernatant fluids of cultured macrophages. These results suggest that complement activation in the respiratory tract may occur as the early event in the pathogenesis of HP.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1987

Chemotactic factors present in the supernatants of cultured sarcoid granulomas.

The present study was undertaken to test whether cultured lymphocytes and epithelioid cells from sarcoid granulomas obtained from patients with active stage 2 sarcoidosis produced chemotactic factors (CF) for leukocytes as assessed by modified Boyden's method. The results indicate that: (1) CF for mononuclear cells and for neutrophils were detected in supernatants from cultured sarcoid granulomas; (2) similar activity was detected in culture supernatants from both lymphocytes and epithelioid cells; (3) CF present in the supernatants of cultured epithelioid cells were similar physically to those which other investigators have disclosed to be released by alveolar macrophages, (4) CF in the supernatants of cultured lymphocytes were similar to the lymphokines based on an estimation of molecular size; (5) neutrophils from patients with sarcoidosis were less responsive to zymosan-activated sera and did not respond well to CF derived from their own granuloma, whereas mononuclear cells from sarcoid patients responded well to CF. In conclusion, CF are present in the supernatants of cultured sarcoid granulomas and they appear to preferentially attract mononuclear cells from sarcoid patients.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1986

Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage cells and fluids in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis: possible role of chemotactic factors in the pathogenesis of disease.

The current study concerns immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) by an analysis of the cells and chemotactic factors (CF) obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Nine patients at an acute stage (HP acute, 8 summer type and 1 pigeon breeder's lung) and 4 patients at a quiescent stage (HP quiescent, 3 summer type and 1 pigeon breeder's lung) were included. The results indicate that: CF for polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) in HP acute were significantly more potent than in HP quiescent; CF for mononuclear cells were not significantly different in the groups; the percentage of lymphocytes in HP acute was significantly greater even though HP quiescent revealed greater percentages of lymphocytes as compared to normal controls; determination of T cell subsets employing OKT antibodies revealed the ratio of OKT8+ cells to OKT4+ cells in HP acute was significantly higher than in HP quiescent, and chemotaxis for PMN was marginally correlated with the percentage of OKT8+ cells at the acute stage of disease.

Albumins↗
PubMed1984

Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia associated with depressed cellular immunity and polyclonal gammopathy.

This report describes a case of lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) associated with polyclonal gammopathy and selective depression of cellular immunity. Enhanced humoral immunity is suggested because the patient exhibited increased levels of circulating immunoglobulin (chiefly IgG) and a positive test reaction for rheumatoid factor. When first examined, the patient displayed depressed cellular immunity in that the results of his skin test were negative to dinitrochlorobenzene and phytohemagglutinin (PHA), his peripheral lymphocytes responded suboptimally to PHA, and he had decreased numbers of circulating T cells. When examined 6 yr later, the patient was again hypergammaglobulinemic, but he had regained some of his cellular immune function. Eight years after the patient was initially seen, he showed further improvement in cellular immune function. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage cells showed that the patient had a normal proportion of OKT4+ (inducer/helper) cells, but a reduced number of OKT8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) cells. Thus, his improvement may have been associated with a correction of an imbalance of immunoregulatory T cells. Furthermore, because the disease was active on initial examination but less active after the second evaluation, malfunction of his cellular immune functions may have been involved in the pathogenesis of LIP.

Humans↗