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Biomedical subjects

S Olivares

Publications and source records attributed to S Olivares.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Manufacturing of gene-modified cytotoxic T lymphocytes for autologous cellular therapy for lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: The production of therapeutic T-cell populations for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer requires extensive ex vivo cell processing, including the isolation or creation of Ag-specific T cells and their subsequent propagation to clinically relevant numbers. These procedures must be performed according to the principles of current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) for phase I clinical trials to ensure the identity, purity potency and safety of the cellular product. In this report we describe our approach to manufacturing and characterizing bulk populations of gene-modified autologous T cells for use in treating follicular lymphoma. METHODS: PBMC from healthy donors, obtained after informed consent, were stimulated in vitro with Ab to CD3epsilon (OKT3) and recombinant human IL-2 and then electroporated with plasmid DNA containing a human CD19-specific chimeric Ag receptor (CAR) gene and HSV-1 thymidine kinase (TK) gene. Stably transfected cells were selected in cytocidal concentrations of hygromycin B over multiple 14-day stimulation culture cycles and then cryopreserved. Vials of cryopreserved/selected T cells were used to initiate T-cell expansion cultures to produce cell products for clinical infusion. These cultures were characterized for phenotype, function and suitability for use in adoptive immunotherapy studies. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate that bulk populations of gene-modified T cells derived from peripheral blood of healthy donors express CD19+ chimeric Ag receptor at low levels and can specifically lyse CD19+ target cells in vitro. These cells display a differentiated T-effector phenotype, are sensitive to ganciclovir-mediated killing and display a non-transformed phenotype. TCR Vbeta usage indicated that all populations tested were polyclonal. Ex vivo cell expansion from cryopreserved cell banks is sufficient to produce doses of between 5 x 10(9) and 1 x 10(10) cells/run. One of three transductions resulted in a population of cells that was not suitable for infusion but was identified during release testing. No populations displayed any evidence of bacterial, fungal or mycoplasma contamination. DISCUSSION: We have established a manufacturing strategy that is being used to produce T cells for a phase I clinical trial for follicular lymphoma. Genetically modified T cells have been characterized by cell-surface marker phenotype, functional activity against CD19+ targets and requisite safety testing. These pre-clinical data confirm the feasibility of this approach to manufacturing T-cell products.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed2005

Preliminary study of choledochocholedochostomy without T tube in liver transplantation: a comparative study.

INTRODUCTION: Biliary anastomosis during liver transplantation can be safely performed using an end-to-end choledochocholedochostomy, with or without a T tube. The objective of this study was to determine whether the insertion of a T tube was related to more postoperative complications. METHODS: Between April 1986 and September 2004, we performed a retrospective, longitudinal, and comparative study of 1012 liver transplantations, including 50 adult recipients with a T tube and a control group with a choledochocholedochostomy without a T tube. RESULTS: T tube insertion was associated with more postoperative complications and worse actuarial survival of both the recipient and graft, though these differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The duct-to-duct biliary anastomosis stented with a T tube tends to be associated with more postoperative complications. Based on this analysis, we recommend the performance of a nonstented anastomosis.

Biliary Tract Diseases↗
PubMed2004

Nutritional status, food consumption and physical activity among Chilean school children: a descriptive study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the nutritional status, food consumption and physical activity (PA) habits of Chilean school children, as a baseline for developing an educational intervention. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: A total of 1701 children from 3rd to 7th grade in nine schools located in three geographical regions. METHODS: We determined body mass index, food consumption (quantified FFQ which we categorised into five groups), PA in terms of TV viewing and frequency of after school PA. The data were analysed according to age, nutritional status and gender. A logistic regression analysis was performed using obesity as outcome. RESULTS: Obesity was higher among boys; younger children presented higher prevalence in both genders. Daily intake of dairy products varied between 240 and 308 g, fruits/vegetables, between 197 and 271 g, energy-dense foods between 343 and 460 g. In all, 22.3 and 47% of the children watched over 3 h of TV during the week and weekend, respectively. Older children watched significantly more TV during the week, while on weekends all children increased this time significantly. Boys were more active than girls after school. The logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between obesity and low intake of dairy products. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of obesity among Chilean children is high. Although TV time, intake of energy dense foods and fruits/vegetables appeared as risk factors for obesity, only dairy consumption was significantly associated with obesity. SPONSORSHIP: FAO

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Food based approaches to improve vitamin and mineral nutrition adequacy].

This paper, using the nutrient density concept and the development of Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG), explores the nutritional adequacy of food patterns based on the main staples around the world--maize, wheat, rice and potato. The nutritional adequacy of the vitamins A, C, folates and the minerals iron, zinc and calcium in diets composed by these staples is analyzed. Projected diets modified by the addition of foods high in vitamins and minerals, based on food table composition information, are analyzed for changes in nutritional adequacy, in order to cover the nutritional requirements of all family members. This theoretical exercise shows that diets diversified by the addition of relatively small quantities (27-70 g) of foods like fruits, vegetables, legumes and meat improve substantially the nutritional adequacy of the vitamins A, C, folates, iron and zinc. In the case of calcium, the addition of a dairy source becomes essential. From the practical point of view, the implementation of the food based approach requires a national effort in order to support the production of nutrient rich foods and to promote consciousness of nutrient bioavailability, so that people may obtain all nutrient potential from foods. Simultaneously, the need of fortification programs at the national level is recognized. This is the case for critical nutrients, where requirements might be above the potential in available foods. A similar situation occurs in the case of vulnerable groups like pregnant women and infants, who need supplementation to ensure nutritional adequacy of their diets. In conclusion, the use of FBDG is a good alternative for improving the nutritional adequacy of diets based predominantly on staple foods. However, food fortification and supplementation programs directed to vulnerable groups are necessary and complementary practices to the FBDG implementation.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1999

[Television publicity and food preferences of school age children of the metropolitan region].

BACKGROUND: There is an alarming increase in the prevalence of child obesity in Chile. Lack of exercise and bad feeding habits strongly strongly contribute to the problem. AIM: To investigate the influence of television publicity on school age children food preferences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A semi structured interview was applied to a representative sample of 786 school age children aged 6 to 11 years old, living in Metropolitan Santiago. Time watching television during week days and the attitude towards food and beverage commercials was analyzed and related to food preferences. RESULTS: Ninety nine percent of school age children watch television during week days and 20% watches more the three hours daily. Snack commercials such as those about potato chips, chocolates, cookies and ice cream, are preferred by 35% of children. Soda commercials are preferred by 33% and yoghurt commercials by 12%. Eighty five percent of children had money to buy food. Of these, 66% bought snacks, 15% bought sodas and 7% yoghurt. The same tendency was observed in school collations. CONCLUSIONS: The high percentage of children, watching television and the influence of commercials in their food preferences, requires an urgent educational strategy to promote healthy feeding habits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Copper intake and blood levels as risk factors for atheromatous disease].

BACKGROUND: Copper is part of antioxidant enzymes and could have a cardiovascular protective effect. A higher cardiovascular risk has been associated with high as well as low plasma copper levels. AIM: To search for differences in copper intake and plasma levels between patients with coronary artery or cerebrovascular diseases and normal subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Zinc and copper intake, plasma levels and serum lipid levels were measured in 20 patients with cerebrovascular disease, 20 patients with an acute myocardial infarction and 40 subjects hospitalized for elective surgery, that served as controls. RESULTS: Copper and zinc intake was below recommended allowances in all subjects. Serum zinc and copper levels did not differ in the three study groups. In patients with myocardial infarction a weak correlation was found between serum copper and total cholesterol (r = 0.24; p < 0.05) and LDL cholesterol (r = 0.31; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: No differences in copper levels were found in subjects with atherosclerosis and controls. The correlation between serum copper and cholesterol deserves further investigation.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Identification and partial characterization of an immunoglobulin A protease associated with human sperm.

The ability of human sperm to evade local humoral immune response at the female genital tract has received little attention. As some microorganisms inactivate secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) by enzymatic degradation as a part of their pathogenic mechanism, we decided to test the hypothesis that there is an IgA protease in human semen that helps sperm to progress through the cervix uteri. Incubation of different semen fractions in the presence of S-IgA revealed IgA protease activity associated with raw semen or sperm but not with seminal plasma; raw semen and sperm produced two split products of 66 kDa and 45 kDa, respectively, in SDS-PAGE. The enzymatic activity was blocked with EDTA. IgG and IgM were not digested under the same experimental conditions. Degradation of S-IgA by an IgA protease on the sperm surface may be among the mechanisms present in semen that enable sperm to evade an immune response in the female genital tract.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[Effect of a participatory method on nutrition education in dentistry].

Based on results of a diagnostic test which measured the knowledge that University of Chile students of 5 different health careers have a food and nutrition (1982), the nutrition program of the school of Dentistry was modified from a traditional system of education (formal classes) to a participative methodology in 1984, a didactic material on nutritional recommendations. An increased level of knowledge as well as motivation was observed in those graduating in 1984, particularly the area of nutritional recommendation and diet, to which the students spent more extra time. We can conclude that the educational methodology that stresses participation and is centered around one person is very effective to teach nutrition in the school of Dentistry.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1989

[Obese women of high and low socioeconomic status diet composition and serum levels of lipoproteins].

We studied plasma lipoproteins in 2 groups of 50 women each, one with a high (A) and the other low socio-economic status (B). Age, caloric intake, energy output and weight for height relation were comparable in both groups. A significant difference was found in plasma levels of triglycerides (A = 138.9 vs B = 104.8 mg/dl), total cholesterol (A = 226.9, B = 178.8 mg/dl) and HDL cholesterol (A = 43.9, B = 50.7 mg/dl). Differences in diet may explain this findings since the protein and fat intake was higher in group A than in group B and fat from animal sources predominated in group A (72%) as compared to B (28%). No significant difference was found in the relation of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids in both groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Evaluation of a teaching program of nutrition in agronomy].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a set of teaching materials on food, nutrition and agriculture, adapted at the Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, within the scope of a project with AID and the School of Agronomy of the Chilean Catholic University (U. C.) aimed at incorporating the teaching of human nutrition into the curriculum of Latin American agronomists. A one semester course (54 hours) was given to 22 students of the 7th semester of Agronomy and two Ecuatorian agronomists (with AID scholarships). A set of knowledge evaluation instruments was applied at the beginning and at the end of the course. A total of 83.3% of the students passed the final examination (with more than 75% of correct answers). The difference between the initial and final performance was highly significant (p less than 0.001). According to the students' and teachers' opinions, the general textbook and the teachers book contributed effectively to meet the learning objectives whereas the students handbook needed some modifications. In conclusion, the program is an important contribution to the education of agronomists in a new conception of their role in regard to improvement of the nutritional status and quality of life of the rural population. With a few minor modifications, a final version to be used in the countries of the Region, shall soon become available.

Achievement↗
PubMed1983

[Antecedents for the teaching of nutrition in the Chilean school system].

This article reports that as part of the research into the Chilean population's understanding, habits, and beliefs about food and analysis was made of food and nutrition knowledge in a sample of 966 elementary and secondary school teachers and 1,050 freshmen students of different schools of the University of Chile in 1979, located in three cities in the north, center, and south of the country. Their knowledge of food and nutrition was tested using a standardized questionnaire. The results of the test were graded according to the percentage of correct answers in six categories. Only 30.6 per cent of the teachers and 17 per cent of the students scored above the acceptable minimum of 50 per cent. It is evident that food and nutrition knowledge of elementary and secondary school teachers and of freshmen students at the University of Chile is insufficient. The relationship between the knowledge variable and other variables in the study shows that this lack is mainly related to environmental factors, independent of formal education. The article offers specific suggestions to be incorporated in the nutrition education curriculum in Chile.

Adult↗