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Biomedical subjects

S Olsson

Publications and source records attributed to S Olsson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia].

Familial hypocalcuric hypercalcemia is a condition that is often incorrectly diagnosed and treated. We studied a family with seven members who had familial hypocalcuric hypercalcemia. In four of the family members it was difficult to make the diagnosis. A correct diagnosis was made in the other three on the basis of known family history. Subtotal parathyroidectomi was carried out on three of the family. After operation, two of these experienced a relapse, and one became permanently hypocalcemic.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

User requirements and standards for PACS. 2nd Japan-Nordic PACS Symposium.

PACS has been regarded as a system which will bring a new era to image handling, radiology departments and its services to other departments of the hospital. However, many recently held international conferences indicate that a worldwide consensus on 'what is PACS, why is PACS needed and who is PACS for' has not been established. Although the actual PACS implementation will vary among the countries and according to each situation, a worldwide consensus of PACS should be possible. This would help those involved to speed up the implementation of PACS. It is suggested that this consensus needs to be developed by convergence of three points of view; the availability, maturity and cost of the technologies on which PACS is built, the user requirements for PACS and standardization in PACS. These themes were the topics of the 2nd Japan-Nordic PACS Symposium which was arranged in Tampere, Finland, June 9-11th 1991. A summary of the papers and discussions of the symposium is produced in this paper.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1992

Primary hyperparathyroidism or hypercalcaemia of malignancy?

The introduction of two-site immunometric assays measuring intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and radioimmunoassays measuring PTH-related peptide (PTH-RP) have simplified the evaluation of patients with hypercalcaemia. We present a 63-year-old man with recurrent hypercalcaemia after surgical treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism 3 years previously. PTH measured with a mid-region radioimmunoassay gave normal values, at the same level as during his primary hyperparathyroidism. Intact PTH was, however, clearly suppressed, and he had a highly elevated level of PTH-RP. This suggested that he had humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy. The patient died after 2 months, and at autopsy an adenocarcinoma of the pancreas with no skeletal metastases was found.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Daily dose calculations from measurements of intra-oral mercury vapor.

Measurements of intra-oral mercury vapor from amalgam fillings are discussed. It was shown that the only quantity which it is possible to measure is the mercury release rate, and that the concentrations of mercury vapor in the oral cavity published in most earlier studies are the mercury concentrations in the measuring cell of the measuring apparatus and not the concentrations in the oral cavity. The consequences for the daily dose equations of the facts that the mercury source is present inside the oral cavity and that the amount of mercury released during a certain time is limited are discussed. It was found that most daily dose equations used have a questionable mercury distribution on inspiration, expiration, and swallowing. Re-calculations of almost all the available daily dose data showed a mean daily dose value of about 1.3 micrograms Hg/day (range, 0.3-2.2 micrograms Hg/day). The mean swallowed amount of mercury from intra-oral mercury vapor was calculated as being in the order of 10 micrograms Hg/day (range, 2.4-17 micrograms Hg/day), resulting in an estimated absorption of about 1 microgram Hg/day from the gastro-intestinal tract.

Air Pollution, Indoor↗
PubMed1992

Base plate wax, dimensional stability and sorption of active components following treatment with disinfectant solutions.

The influence of seven disinfectants on the dimensional stability of a base plate wax, Tenax, was studied. Two methods for treatment were tested - immersion for one hour and spraying respectively. After spraying no significant influence on the wax could be established and after immersion four of the seven disinfectants, including Cidex and K-644, likewise had no significant influence on the dimensional stability. The wax specimens did not show any significant weight increase (less than one per cent) after immersion for four days but in four disinfectant solutions the surface properties of the wax specimens had changed showing that active components of the disinfectants were absorbed into or adsorbed on the wax surface.

Absorption↗
PubMed1991

Picture archiving and communication systems and related developments in Sweden.

Large PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication Systems) installations do not yet exist in Sweden, but some hospitals have had experience with limited PACS activities. At present there are four mini PACS installations in radiology departments and about 12 teleradiology systems in use in Sweden. A couple of small Swedish enterprises work in the market segment of digital imaging including PACS and teleradiology, although the radiology market is dominated by the large international companies. Interest in PACS and teleradiology in Sweden has increased during the last few years, along with advancements in technology and international experience. However, radiology is organized very differently in the United States, Japan, Southern Europe, and Scandinavia. Because of this, PACS will be introduced in different ways, and experience with PACS gained in one health care system may differ from that gained from other health care systems. This article reviews the status of PACS and related developments in Sweden.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Radiology in Scandinavia].

In 1987 the Nordic Institutes of Hospital Research joint co-operation on medical technology assessment (NEMT) performed a study of the national differences in the utilization of diagnostic techniques in the radiological laboratories. Major differences between the countries were found in both total and specific examination rates. In total numbers of conventional investigations, Finland performed about 60 per cent more investigations than the average of Sweden, Denmark and Norway, which all were of the same level of approximately 470 examinations per 1,000 inhabitants. The difference was attributed mainly to X-ray investigations executed at the primary health care level in Finland. Other remarkable differences were in particular observed in techniques of increasing or decreasing importance.

Angiography↗
PubMed1990

Tensile bond strength of dentin adhesives: a comparison of materials and methods.

The influence of two different storage conditions on the bond strengths of four dentin adhesives [Gluma, Scotchbond (dual), Scotchbond 2, and Tenure] was studied. 5000 cycles from 7 degrees C to 60 degrees C reduced the bond strength significantly for all materials except Gluma, as compared with that found after 24 h of storage in water at 37 degrees C. The influence of two different tensile test methods and two different locations, i.e., occlusal and buccal, of the dentin substrate on the bond strength of Gluma and Scotchbond 2 was also studied. The type of dentin as well as the choice of tensile test method changed the bond strength values significantly. One method gave as much as 3x higher bond strength values for one material when used on the same type of dentin. Bond strength values obtained on the dentin from the buccal side of the tooth were from 20% to 50% higher than those obtained on occlusally located dentin with the same method.

Benzoates↗
PubMed1989

Drug-related headache.

A survey was made of 10,506 reports to the WHO Collaboration Centre for International Drug Monitoring from five countries concerning headache, migraine, aggravated migraine and intracranial hypertension associated with drugs. The ten drugs most frequently reported to be associated with headache were indomethacin, nifedipine, cimetidine, atenolol, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, zimeldine, glyceryl trinitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, zomepirac and ranitidine. Regarding migraine, oral contraceptives were also among the most implicated drugs. Most reports of intracranial hypertension concerned tetracyclines, isotretinoin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. Vasodilatation and salt and water retention with subsequent redistribution of intracranial fluid seem to be common mechanisms underlying drug-related headache. For certain frequently reported drugs, however, the mechanisms of the headache are unknown.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions↗
PubMed1989

Model of mercury vapor transport from amalgam restorations in the oral cavity.

A model of the oral cavity was used as the basis for a discussion of the conditions prevalent during the transport of mercury vapor from amalgam restorations via the saliva to the gas phase of the oral cavity during respiration or during pumping of air through the mouth. It was found that the mercury diffusion rate through the saliva layer is independent of the air flow rate through the oral cavity. Mercury appears to be transported as atoms both in the aqueous phase of saliva and in the gas phase. The majority of the mercury atoms reaching the gas phase appears to originate directly from the surface of the amalgam restorations, passing through the saliva layer, while only a minority originates from mercury dissolved in the aqueous phase. The amount of mercury released per unit of time to the gas phase was shown to be independent of the air flow rate during respiration and pumping. Furthermore, the released mercury atoms are distributed partly to the gas phase, from which they are respired to the lungs and the environment, and partly to the saliva and the gastro-intestinal tract, by swallowing.

Dental Amalgam↗
PubMed1988

Anaphylactic reactions to cinoxacin.

During 1981 to mid-1988 three cases of anaphylactic shock after treatment with the quinolone derivative cinoxacin were reviewed by the Netherlands Centre for Monitoring of Adverse Reactions to Drugs and 17 cases of an anaphylactic type of reaction notified to the World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for International Drug Monitoring. In five out of six patients for whom data were available the reaction began shortly after taking a single capsule of a second or next course of treatment. Cinoxacin is related to nalidixic acid, and one patient previously treated with that agent subsequently had an anaphylactoid reaction to cinoxacin and later developed a skin reaction to nalidixic acid. There were no deaths, and patients treated as an emergency with plasma expanders or with adrenaline and corticosteroids generally recovered promptly and uneventfully. In view of the potentially fatal consequences of anaphylactic reactions to cinoxacin and other quinolones doctors should take care when prescribing these drugs.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1988

Determination of the rate of release of intra-oral mercury vapor from amalgam.

The experimental and analytical difficulties associated with the measurement of mercury vapor in the oral cavity are considerable. In the present paper, the objective was to measure the amount of intra-oral mercury vapor in subjects with amalgams, by means of two sets of equipment based on different functional principles. In addition, it was found that the type of mercury source prevalent in the oral cavity had to be evaluated. The measuring technique used to obtain correct results is discussed, and an evaluation of the conditions for the application of the measuring equipment available was made. It was found that the amount of mercury released from the oral cavity was time-dependent. Furthermore, the amount of mercury released with the time kept constant was almost independent of the pumping flow rate up to 8 L/min. It was found that the tissue, saliva, and the amalgam restorations were not depleted of mercury during the measuring time. The results of the Mercollector-Mercometer measurements carried out on seven subjects with nine or more occlusal surfaces restored with dental amalgam and on three subjects without any amalgam restorations revealed that the rate of mercury release was in the range 0.03-0.34 ng/sec in the former group and less than 0.01 ng/sec in the latter. Based on the experimental results and on theoretical considerations, it was concluded that the amount of mercury released per time unit is the only quantity measurable.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A new instrument for mercury vapor evacuation during clinical work with dental amalgam.

Clinical work with dental amalgam, cutting as well as filling and polishing operations, results in an increased level of mercury vapor in the breathing zone of the patient and often also in that of the dentist. The mercury levels can be minimized by the use of a high volume evacuator which is handled by the nurse. Since many dentists cannot count upon continuous chairside assistance during work with dental amalgam a new instrument, combining the functions of a common dental mirror and an evacuator has been developed. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the mercury vapor evacuating capacity of the new instrument. The study was carried out in a model box especially designed for the in vitro tests performed. The amount of mercury in an area representing the patient's breathing zone was recorded directly and indirectly using an equipment based on atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results revealed that the new instrument has the capacity for substantially reducing the mercury levels during filling, polishing and cutting amalgam. Thereby the short transitory exposure to mercury vapor during certain working moments can be reduced which should be beneficial both to the patient and to the dental staff.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗