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Biomedical subjects

S Oshio

Publications and source records attributed to S Oshio.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Exposure to diesel exhaust affects the male reproductive system of mice.

Several recent reports have suggested that sperm count and quality in normal men are declining. Various environmental chemical compounds may affect the male reproductive system. We propose here that diesel exhaust is an environmental pollutant with the potential to influence male reproductive function. Ultrastructural changes were observed in Leydig cells of mice exposed to diesel exhaust (0.3 mg diesel exhaust particles (DEP)/m3 through the airway, 12 h daily, up to 6 months) and reduction in LH receptor mRNA expression in Leydig cells was observed at a concentration of 1 mg DEP/m3. Daily sperm production per gram of testis dose-dependently decreased with exposure to DE for 6 months; 29%, 36%, and 53% reductions were observed at 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg DEP/m3, respectively. A no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was observed with approximately 30 micrograms DEP/m3, which is lower than the WHO-recommended limit.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1995

Preterm infant follow-up project: a multi-site field experiment of hospital and home intervention programs for mothers and preterm infants.

This study was designed as a multi-site field experiment to test the efficacy of hospital and home visit interventions to improve interaction between mothers and preterm infants. Hospital intervention consisted of State Modulation (SM) treatment, which focused on teaching mothers to read the behavioral cues and modulate the states of consciousness of preterm infants during feedings. Home visit intervention was a field-tested program, Nursing Systems for Effective Parenting-Preterm (NSTEP-P), implemented during the first five months after the infant's hospital discharge. A hospital program on car seats (CS) and standard public health nursing home visits (PHN) served as comparison treatments. The sample consisted of 327 mothers and their preterm infants who were less than 36 weeks of gestational age at hospital discharge. Mothers were randomly assigned to intervention groups on the basis of their education. High education (HE) was > or = 13 years of education, while low education (LE) was < or = 12 years of education. HE mothers were only assigned to hospital programs, while LE mothers were assigned to combinations of hospital and home visit programs. Evaluations were conducted at 40 weeks conceptual age (expected date of birth), at 46 weeks conceptual age (1.5-months-corrected age), and 60 weeks conceptual age (5-months-corrected age). Comparisons were made within each educational group. For HE groups, SM infants gave significantly more clear cues during observations of feeding interactions at 1.5-months-corrected age and teaching interactions at 5-months-corrected age than infants in the CS group. During the teaching interaction, well-educated SM mothers provided significantly more social-emotional and cognitive stimulation than CS mothers. For LE groups, infants in the SM group combined with either PHN or NSTEP-P exhibited significantly more responsive behavior during feeding observations than those infants in the CS/PHN group at 1.5-months-corrected age. LE mothers in the SM/NSTEP-P group demonstrated more sensitivity and more stimulation during teaching interactions at 5-months-corrected age than mothers in the SM/PHN or CS/PHN groups. Findings suggest that State Modulation treatment is effective in influencing positive social interaction of infants regardless of the level of maternal education. State modulation treatment combined with NSTEP-P is most effective in improving the social interaction between preterm infants and mothers with limited formal education. Such treatment-specific programs suggest avenues for providing cost-effective care that complements the changing transactional needs of mothers and preterm infants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The effect of some proteinase inhibitors on liquefaction of human semen.

This study examined the effect of some proteinase inhibitors on liquefaction of human semen. It revealed that a strong plasmin inhibitor, 6-amidino-2-naphthyl-6-guanidinobenzoate dihydrochloride (Fusan) showed a significant inhibition of liquefaction, while t-amino caproic acid (t-ACA) showed a weak retardation effect. In terms of sperm quality after liquefaction, Fusan (10 mM), ethyl diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and Urinastatin completely inhibited sperm motility. Fusan (1 mM) and Lima bean trypsin inhibitor (LBTI) decreased sperm motility significantly, while leupeptin and t-ACA had little effect. Leupeptin, LBTI, t-ACA and Fusan (1 mM) did not affect sperm speed. 50% inhibition of sperm motility was calculated to be approximately 1.7 mM of Fusan concentration. In addition, two inhibitors, Chymostatin and Phosphoramidon were also tested with each experiment and had no effect on liquefaction or on sperm motility and speed. These results strongly suggest that plasmin may play an important role in the liquefaction process of human semen.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Description of the clinical practice of advanced practice nurses in family-centered early intervention in two rural settings.

The purpose of this study was to describe the scope of clinical practice of advanced practice nurses who were involved in a project designed to increase access of families with at-risk and disabled young children, newborn to 3 years of age, to early intervention services in rural Washington State. The findings from this study are based on the retrospective review of records of clients seen by the advanced practice nurses. Nursing diagnoses and nursing interventions were assigned to chart recordings. The most frequently occurring nursing diagnoses assigned to parents were Altered Parenting, Altered Family Processes, Fear, Noncompliance, and Knowledge Deficit. The most frequently occurring nursing diagnoses assigned to children were Impaired Physical Mobility, Impaired Verban Communication, Altered Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements, Sensory-Perceptual Alteration, and Altered Thought Processes. Categories of nursing intervention recorded most frequently were Monitoring, Planning and Information. Discussion of findings addresses the roles and reimbursement of advanced practice nurses who provide family-centered early intervention services in rural communities.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Antisera to calreticulin inhibits sperm motility in mice.

Mouse sperm were rapidly immobilized when exposed to rabbit antisera against rat calreticulin. The inhibition of sperm motility was concentration dependent at dilutions 1:50-350. The velocity of sperm did not change significantly as long as they were motile. Neither motility nor velocity of sperm was affected by adding sheep antisera to bovine calmodulin. The antisera to calreticulin also inhibited in vitro fertilization of mouse eggs. Using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method, the antigen was found to be localized in the acrosome of sperm. The results indicate that calreticulin is present in the acrosome of mouse sperm and may play an important role in sperm motility.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Detection of arginine esterase activity in human follicular fluid.

One major fraction hydrolysing arginine ester and amido derivative (major preparation) was detected and separated from human follicular fluid by Cellulofine GCL-2000 gel filtration. The best ester and amide substrates for this preparation were acetyl-glycyl-lysine methyl ester (Ac-Gly-Lys-Me) and D-valyl-L-leucyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (Val-Leu-Arg-pNA), respectively. The preparation contained plasmin and plasminogen; lysine-Cellulofine adsorption and elution changed the substrate specificity of its esterolytic activity. After treatment by lysine-Cellulofine adsorption and elution, the basic and acidic arginine esterase activities of the major preparation were separated by CM- and DEAE-cellulose adsorption and elution, respectively. The substrate specificity of these two esterolytic enzyme activities differed before and after adsorption of the major preparation to the lysine affinity column.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of mecobalamin on testicular dysfunction induced by X-ray irradiation in mice].

Experimental testicular dysfunction were produced by X-ray irradiation to the testes in mice. Mecobalamin (CH3-B12) was orally administered at a daily dose of 0.01, 0.1 or 1 mg/kg six times a week for 8 weeks from the next day after the irradiation. The control mice received physiological saline in the same manner. On 4th- and 6th-week after the irradiation, the weights of testes and epididymides were decreased, although those of the body and accessory sex glands (seminal vesicle, coagulating gland and prostate) were nearly equal to those of non-irradiated mice. At the same time, the diameter of seminiferous tubules decreased and sperm parameters (sperm count, sperm motility and sperm abnormality) deteriorated. When CH3-B12 (1 mg/kg) was administered, the diameter of seminiferous tubules increased and sperm parameters improved as compared to those of the control. The results indicate that CH3-B12 improved the experimental testicular dysfunction in mice induced by the irradiation. These results suggest that CH3-B12 might accelerate testicular function.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Damaging effects of cisplatin on mouse spermatozoa.

The effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin: CDDP) on mouse spermatozoa was evaluated quantitatively by means of equilibrium sedimentation in Percoll. CDDP was administered subcutaneously at doses of 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg/week for 5 weeks. After different periods (1, 3, and 10 weeks) without CDDP, the quality of epididymal sperm was evaluated by sperm count, motility, morphology of sperm, and the apparent density of sperm. At 10 mg/kg dose, about 80% mortality occurred during the administration period. There were no sperm even 10 weeks after discontinuing CDDP. With the 3 mg/kg dose, sperm count, motility, and normal morphology of sperm declined after 1 and 5 weeks, but recovered to the control level after 10 weeks. The sperm distribution profiles in the Percoll gradient were quite different among the groups. The control sperm showed two separated peaks in the gradient, whereas the peak of sperm at 1 and 3 mg/kg were shifted forward to lighter apparent density. CDDP causes a reduction in sperm apparent density and impairs semen quality in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[An arginine esterase in the human sperm].

Human sperm was highly purified by the use of a discontinuous Percoll density gradient placed in an innercolumn of a centrifugation tube. Seminal plasma contamination was only 0.0008 percent in the purified sperm. A new basic arginine ester hydrolyzing enzyme with a weak affinity for lima bean trypsin inhibitor (LBTI) Cellulofine column was found in the purified human sperm, and the characteristics of this enzyme were found to be different from those of human acrosin.

Calcium Chloride↗
PubMed1988

Apparent densities of spermatozoa of various mammalian species.

The apparent densities of sperm cells in several mammalian species were determined by means of Percoll density-gradient centrifugation. Semen samples were obtained from (1) ejaculates from the bull, human, and rabbit, and (2) from the cauda epididymis of the goat, golden hamster, house musk shrew, mastomys, and mouse. The profiles of sperm distribution showed a single peak after the centrifugation in the first group and goat, whereas two separate main peaks in the second group (except goat). This disparity in sperm distribution profiles may be due mainly to differences in the degree of maturity of the sperm. Highly motile and mature sperm were obtained at higher densities, whereas immotile or immature sperm were found at the apparent densities. Thus, in mammals, the profiles of sperm distribution in the Percoll density gradient are classified into two types, those with a single peak and those with two separate peaks. The apparent density of sperm cells may be of importance in sperm physiology.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Continuous-step density gradient centrifugation for the selective concentration of progressively motile sperm for insemination with husband's semen.

To increase the fertilizability of sperm for use in artificial insemination with husband's semen, it is effective to concentrate progressively motile sperm from whole ejaculated semen. The simple procedure, a continuous-step density gradient technique, was developed to selectively concentrate progressively motile sperm. The ejaculated semen was placed on 6.0 ml of 80% Percoll solution, and the density gradient was formed by mixing the semen and Percoll with an L-shaped rod for two or three strokes. After centrifugation at 400 x g for 30 min, progressively motile sperm were concentrated in the sediment, whereas the immotile sperm and other types of cells remained in the upper part of the density gradient. In most specimens sperm motility was improved by more than 80% regardless of the original motility. Thus, the fertility index (sperm concentration/ml x percentage of motility x 10(-8)). was increased to 7.7 +/- 3.7 times (n = 15).

Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗
PubMed1987

Effects of gradient centrifugation on human sperm.

The quality of ejaculated human sperm was examined for 24 h at room temperature by Percoll continuous density gradient centrifugation. One hour after ejaculation, apparent densities of good motile sperm with normal morphology were above 1.10 g/ml, whereas those of immotile and/or immature sperm recovered from upper layers were 1.06-1.09 g/ml. As time passed, sperm became immotile and the number of sperm with higher densities was diminished, their density shifting to 1.06-1.09 g/ml. Morphological observations by transmission electron microscope showed that after 24 h the sperm with higher densities were morphologically normal, except that the plasma membrane and the outer acrosomal membrane were lost. On the other hand, the sperm with lower densities were abnormal, such as immature, without the outer and the inner acrosomal membrane, with the nuclear decondensation, and with membraneous structure in the nucleus. These results suggest that after ejaculation the apparent density of human sperm became lower, concomitant with the loss of motility.

Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗
PubMed1987

Buoyancy and sedimentation of human X- and Y-bearing sperm.

The buoyant and sedimentation behaviors of human X- and Y-bearing sperm were examined in discontinuous density gradients of Nycodenz. The washed sperm placed at the bottom of the discontinuous density gradients of Nycodenz (23-50% in 3% steps) were centrifuged at 250 x g for various periods. The buoyant velocity of X-bearing sperm was faster than that of Y-bearing sperm. The sedimentation profiles of human sperm in the discontinuous density gradients of Nycodenz (4-20% in 2% steps) showed that X-bearing sperm sedimented faster than Y-bearing sperm. The separation of X- and Y-bearing sperm by means of centrifugation usually have been based on the assumption that smaller Y and larger X chromosomes might provide the difference in their apparent densities. The present results suggest that the separation cannot be due merely to a difference in their densities.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1987

Sialic acid in purified human sperm.

Sialic acid levels of human sperm were estimated using newly developed sperm purification procedure (inner column method). This was used to estimate net sialic acid content of forward motile sperm of normal morphology without any contamination of the seminal plasma, other cellular components, and immature or abnormal sperm. The sialic acid content in purified sperm was approximately 40% of that in the washed (dilution-washing method) sperm. It is suggested that biochemical properties of human sperm should be reevaluated using the inner column purification procedure.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1986

Purification of human sperm by a discontinuous Percoll density gradient with an innercolumn.

Human sperm were highly purified through the use of a discontinuous Percoll density gradient placed in an inner column of a centrifuge tube. Six ml of 80% Percoll solution were poured into a centrifuge tube with an inner column containing successive 1.0-ml layers of 70, 60, and 40% Percoll solutions. Diluted semen was placed on top of the gradient, and the tube was centrifuged at 600 X g for 30 min using a swing-out rotor. After centrifugation, the majority of the progressive motile sperm were isolated in the sediment; they had a mean motility of 93 +/- 4.1% (n = 10). Other cellular components, including bacteria, remaining in the inner column. The level of bacterial contamination in the purified sperm fraction was below detection for most of the species quantified. The purified sperm were found to be more than 92 +/- 3.2% viable, as judged by dye exclusion, and abnormal sperm were reduced to 5.2 +/- 1.4%. Because of the use of the inner column, the contamination by seminal plasma was negligible in the purified sperm, as estimated by residual protein, fructose, and acid phosphatase activity.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1986

Characterization of rabbit sperm by equilibrium sedimentation in Percoll during frequent ejaculation.

Qualitative and quantitative changes of rabbit sperm were observed during frequent ejaculation. Semen volume, sperm concentration, percentage of motility, and fertility index of Farris (FI) decreased with frequent ejaculation, and these values recovered to initial levels after a 24-day abstinence period. A remarkable change was found in the sperm distribution profile in Percoll density gradients after equilibrium sedimentation. The main peak of sperm was shifted from fraction number 4 on the first day of ejaculation to number 7 on the fifth day. Fraction numbers 1-4 showed a high percentage of motility, whereas the sperm motility from fraction numbers 7-10 was quite low. Motile and morphologically mature sperm had higher apparent density than immotile or immature sperm. This suggests that rabbit sperm motility might be related to the apparent density of the sperm cell.

Animals↗