Biomedical subjects

S Overstreet

Publications and source records attributed to S Overstreet.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

Exposure to community violence and post-traumatic stress symptoms: mediating factors.

Children's perceptions of safety and family conflict were examined as mediators of the relation between exposure to community violence and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Results indicated that exposure to community violence was related to perceptions of decreased neighborhood safety and increased family conflict, and that this, in turn, mediated the impact of violence exposure on children's post-traumatic stress symptoms. Implications for research are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Availability of family support as a moderator of exposure to community violence.

Examined the role of availability of family support in moderating the negative effects of exposure to community violence on internalizing symptoms. Participants were 75 low-income African American children between the ages of 10 and 15. Two measures of availability of family support (mother's presence in the home and family size) were evaluated as moderators of the relations between exposure to community violence and depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. After controlling for age, sex, and concurrent life stress, mother's presence in the home moderated the relation between exposure to community violence and depressive symptoms but not the relation between exposure to community violence and PTSD symptoms. Children living in mother-absent families were at increased risk of depressive symptoms as exposure to community violence increased. In addition, family size approached significance as a moderator of depressive symptoms but not PTSD symptoms, revealing a trend toward children from smaller families being at increased risk of depressive symptoms as exposure to community violence increased. These findings suggest that although availability of family support is an important moderator for depressive symptoms, this is not the case for PTSD symptoms.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Sociodemographic risk factors to disease control in children with diabetes.

This study examined the effects of sociodemographic variables such as ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and family structure on disease control in 58 children with diabetes stratified by ethnicity and SES. Three dependent variables were chosen to evaluate the disease control of the study participants, including HbA1 values averaged over the year prior to study participation, number of hospitalizations, and number of hypoglycaemic blackouts. SES and family structure, but not ethnicity, were the primary risk factors to disease control. Children from low SES families were in poorer glycaemic control (mean HbA1 = 12.6%) and experienced more episodes of hypoglycaemia-related loss of consciousness (mean = 0.5 per patient) than did children from middle income families (mean HbA1 = 10.4%; mean blackouts = 0.1 per patient). In addition, children from middle-class, two-parent families were in better metabolic control than all other groups. These results indicate that it may not be ethnicity per se, but other factors that often covary with ethnic status, that may pose a risk to the disease status of children and adolescents with diabetes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Concurrent validity study of the Slosson Intelligence Test-Revised in mental retardation testing.

The new Slosson Intelligence Test-Revised and the recommended abbreviated battery of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition were given to individuals whose Stanford-Binet IQs ranged from 36 to 110. The Slosson-R correlated highly with the Stanford-Binet, r = .92. However, except for the moderately retarded category, the Slosson-R unsatisfactorily matched the Stanford-Binet's assignment of individuals to IQ categories. In contrast, when all individuals were classified as either having or not having mental retardation, the match rate was much better. The Slosson-R can adequately screen for mental retardation, but its ability to accurately assign individuals to specific IQ categories appears to be limited.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Family environment and the interrelation of family structure, child behavior, and metabolic control for children with diabetes.

Examined perceptions of the family environment in a cross-regional sample of 90 families who had children with diabetes and 89 controls. Families were classified as either traditional (intact) or nontraditional (single-parent or blended families). Parents of children with diabetes reported less family expressiveness, which was a predictor of clinically higher levels of child behavior problems than controls. Parents in nontraditional families reported lower levels of organization, less emphasis on active-recreational pursuits, and more child behavior problems than traditional families. An additive effect of diabetes and nontraditional family structure was found for children with diabetes from nontraditional families, who reported substantially less cohesion than all other groups. Nontraditional family structure was more disruptive for children with diabetes than for controls; it was the best predictor of behavior problems and was related to poorer metabolic control.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Stereotypes of pilots and apprehension about flying with them: a study of commercial aviation scenarios.

This study explored the effects of gender, experience, and performance of a commercial aviation pilot on concern of passengers about flying with him or her. It used scenarios that represented two aspects of pilot behavior: skill and judgment. We cast 112 adult subjects in the role of passengers. They read vignettes that described their captain and the flight in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design (male or female, newly promoted or veteran captain, strong or weak performance). Results showed that of the three manipulated variables, only pilot performance had a statistically significant main effect upon apprehension about making a continuation flight with the pilot (F = 41.52; p less than or equal to 0.001 for the skill scenario and F = 41.73; p less than or equal to 0.001 for the judgment scenario). Statistical interactions showed that the level of passenger concern was not based entirely on pilot performance. For instance, on the skill scenario, when a female pilot performed well, her rating was higher than that of an equally performing male, but when she performed poorly, her rating was lower than his (F = 5.38; p less than or equal to 0.02).

Adult↗