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Biomedical subjects

S P Damrosch

Publications and source records attributed to S P Damrosch.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Nurses' attributions about rape victims.

In an evaluation experiment, 80 registered nurses (64% of whom had cared for at least one rape victim) read an account of a rape involving a woman who drove to a drugstore on her way home from work. By random assignment, the nurses read one of four versions of the rape which varied in terms of whether or not the victim locked her car door (carelessness manipulation) and time of attack (5:00 p.m. or midnight). Subjects evaluated the victim on a series of 0 to 9 bipolar adjective scales. MANOVA showed a significant main effect for the locked/unlocked conditions: Nurses who read the unlocked version, as compared to those reading the locked version, showed differences in terms of more negative ratings of the victim on such variables as less liking for her, less identification with her, and assigning greater responsibility for the rape to her (p less than or equal to .005). Time of attack and the interaction were not significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Ensuring anonymity by use of subject-generated identification codes.

The technique of subject-generated identification codes was recently devised to solve the problem of ensuring anonymity in longitudinal research when the researcher needs to connect each set of data with the particular respondent who was the source. An explanation of the technique, an example of a form used by subjects to generate the code, and a report on the use of the technique with a sample of 142 nursing students are provided.

Behavioral Research↗
PubMed1985

Medical students' attitudes toward sexually active older persons.

There are widespread assumptions in the literature concerning general disapproval of sexual activity in older persons. However, research evidence in support of these assumptions is sparse. An experiment that focused on attitudes toward sexually active older persons was conducted with 140 freshmen medical students. Each student read a 200-word account of a 68-year-old man or woman temporarily living in a nursing home. By random assignment, half read that the person was sexually active; there was no mention of sexuality for the remaining students. Students evaluated the 68 year old on a rating scale of 0 to 9 for such characteristics as mental alertness and cheerfulness. Regardless of the 68-year-old person's gender, the students were significantly biased in favor of the sexually active person. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Communicating probability in clinical reports: nurses' numerical associations to verbal expressions.

Verbal estimates of probability (such as likely or certain) commonly used in laboratory, radiological, and clinical reports may be a barrier to effective communication between health care professionals. In this study the investigators sought to determine whether a consensus of numerical meaning existed in a sample of nurses for each of 30 widely used verbal expressions of probability. Seventy female nurses enrolled in a graduate course were surveyed by means of a test-retest procedure using a questionnaire designed to elicit assignments of numerical probability (0% to 100%). The results showed wide inconsistency both between subjects and within subjects.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The polio survivor as expert: implications for rehabilitation nursing research.

Clients' personal experiences with illness or tragedy can uniquely qualify them as experts in many research-relevant content areas. Nurse researchers can benefit from this expertise by involving such clients in important decision-making aspects of research planning. The advantages of consulting with client-experts in the early and subsequent stages of research are discussed in this article, which uses as an example the way such consultation has worked in the development of a study of coping in polio survivors. Consultation with client-experts is especially appropriate when research involves sensitive issues or the measurement of subjects at vulnerable periods in their lives. It is advocated as a means of helping to ensure that participants are questioned in the most ethical, sensitive way possible and that the research will address the needs and concerns of the target population.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing students' attitudes toward sexually active older persons.

This study investigated the attitudes of senior baccalaureate nursing students toward geriatric sexuality. Two separate experiments used vignettes as an unobtrusive measure of attitudes toward sexual activity in an older man or woman who was depicted as either married or widowed. All subjects read a vignette concerning a 68-year-old person who was temporarily living in a nursing home. Half read that the person was sexually active; there was no mention of sexual activity for the remaining subjects. Subjects evaluated the person on a 10-item questionnaire, employing 0-to-9 bipolar rating scales for such traits as well-adjustedness, cheerfulness, and mental alertness. Regardless of the stimulus person's gender, or marital status, subjects showed a significant bias favoring the sexually active older person in both experiments. Implications for nursing practice are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-reported adjustment, chronic sorrow, and coping of parents of children with Down syndrome.

Mothers and fathers of children with Down syndrome were surveyed on overall patterns of adjustment and on frequency of chronic sorrow and coping behaviors. Fathers overwhelmingly (83%) depicted their adjustment in terms of steady, gradual recovery, while the majority of mothers (68%) reported a peaks-and-valleys, periodic crises pattern; chi 2 = 8.64, p less than .01. Mothers also reported higher frequencies for chronic sorrow as well as for behaviors such as self-blame and expression of negative affect. Thus, mothers and fathers in the same family may experience distinct differences in adjustment and coping as parents of a handicapped child.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Graduate specialization in nursing informatics.

This article describes the need and rationale for developing nursing informatics as a new area of graduate level specialization. Included are the results of a comprehensive needs assessment study that was conducted to determine the employment opportunities for graduates of such a program of study as well as the potential student applicant pool. The findings clearly indicate the immediate and future demand for master's prepared nurses in this field and the importance of a timely academic response.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Levels of computer education for professional nursing. Development of a prototype graduate course.

Leveling computer education for professional nurses at the undergraduate and graduate levels is presented via a four-tiered model. Foundational course content at level 2 for all graduate nursing students preparing for advanced nursing roles is described. A quasi-experimental study (N = 80) demonstrated the effectiveness of the course in terms of the attitude changes toward computerization and perceived knowledge about computer applications in nursing.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗