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Biomedical subjects

S P Grewal

Publications and source records attributed to S P Grewal.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Comparison of methods of eye protection under general anaesthesia.

PURPOSE: To compare and assess the efficacy of eye ointment and adhesive tape for protection of eyes under general anaesthesia. METHODS: One hundred and fifty patients (300 eyes) undergoing general anaesthesia for > 90 min for non-ophthalmic procedures were divided randomly into three groups (C, T & O). Eyes in group C were left as control, in group T hypoallergen tape was applied and in group O chloromycetin ointment was used. In all eyes basal tear production and visual acuity was assessed and corneal examination was carried out after fluorescein staining both before and after surgery. All the patients were subjected to a conventional general anaesthesia technique. RESULTS: General anaesthesia reduced basal tear production irrespective of the method of eye protection used (P < 0.0001). The overall incidence of corneal epithelial defects was 10%, of which 90% occurred in the control group, 6.6% in the tape and 3.3% in the ointment group. There was no difference between pre and post operative visual acuity (P : NS). Corneal injuries were more common in the dependent eye in the lateral position and the incidence of corneal epithelial defects did not alter with increase in duration of surgery. CONCLUSION: During general anaesthesia eyes need protection either by tape or ointment as incidence of corneal injuries is greater in unprotected eyes.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1998

Oculocardiac reflex during retinal surgery using peribulbar block and nitrous narcotic anesthesia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to examine the effects of local and general anesthesia on the oculocardiac reflex (OCR) in adults during retinal detachment surgery, with an aim of determining the safest type of anesthesia and on which extraocular muscle traction causes a higher incidence of OCR. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was performed on 30 American Society of Anesthesiologists-I patients (age range 40-60 years) who were undergoing retinal detachment surgery. Fifteen patients underwent surgery with general anesthesia and 15 were given a local peribulbar block. A fixed traction of 400 g was applied to all the extraocular muscles, and the heart rate, rhythm, and electrocardiogram of each patient was monitored. RESULTS: The overall incidence of OCR was higher with general anesthesia (63.3%) than with local anesthesia (14.4%). There was a significant decrease in heart rate for the rectus muscles (P < .0005) as well as the oblique muscles (P < .005) during traction with general anesthesia. All four rectus muscles were equally sensitive in eliciting the reflex. The incidence of dysrhythmias was 20% with general anesthesia and 6.67% with local anesthesia. CONCLUSION: This study showed that local anesthesia produces less bradycardia and ectopic arrhythmias and, therefore, may be safer and better than general anesthesia for surgeries in which traction of extraocular muscles is required.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Efficacy and timed sequence analyses of modified single-injection peribulbar anesthesia.

This study evaluated a modified single-injection technique of administering peribulbar anesthesia. All 150 eyes achieved complete lid anesthesia; 49 eyes (32.7%) demonstrating exophthalmos after injection achieved excellent (grade 1) instantaneous ocular akinesia. Sequence of timed events after injection included lid anesthesia (60.2 +/- 15.33 seconds), lid akinesia (75.18 +/- 15.33), lateral rectus akinesia (90.19 +/- 2.13), inferior rectus akinesia (140.44 +/- 17.51), superior rectus akinesia (229.60 +/- 15.23), and medial rectus akinesia (250.42 +/- 18.99). Peribulbar anesthesia, when successful, achieved complete akinesia in fewer than five minutes. In 12 eyes (8%), the peribulbar injection had to be repeated. For routine intraocular surgery, we recommend this efficacious, safe technique without the use of a separate facial block.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1992

Natural course of intraocular pressure after cataract extraction and the effect of intracameral carbachol.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is known to increase after intracapsular cataract extraction, extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), and ECCE with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Many pharmacological agents have been used to prevent this IOP rise. We conducted a two-phase, randomized, prospective study to evaluate the natural behavior of IOP after cataract surgery and the effect of intraoperative intracameral carbachol on it. In phase 1, 102 cases were randomly assigned to three groups for recording IOP at 24, 48, or 72 hours after ECCE. The IOP at 24 (mean 20.3 mm Hg) and 48 hours (mean 22.3 mm Hg) was significantly higher than the preoperative IOP (mean 16.1 mm Hg); 26.3% of cases in group 1A (24 hours) and 44.1% of cases in group 1B (48 hours) had IOPs greater than or equal to 25 mm Hg. In phase II, intracameral carbachol (0.01%) was used in 30 cases of ECCE and in 30 cases of ECCE with IOL implantation. The IOP at 24 hours (mean 16.3 mm Hg) was not significantly higher than the preoperative IOP and only 11.6% of the cases had IOPs greater than or equal to 25 mm Hg. The mean IOP at 24 hours without carbachol was significantly higher than the mean IOP at 24 hours with it. There was no statistically significant difference between IOP in the two groups one week after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Chronic corneal perforations.

We report the etiological profile and management with simple patch, tarsorrhaphies, conjunctival flaps, tissue adhesive, or penetrating keratoplasty of 104 chronic corneal perforations in a North India population. Chronic corneal perforations were observed in infective keratitis, degenerative keratolysis, neurotrophic keratitis, chemical burns, dry eyes, collagen vascular diseases, and following cataract extraction. A two-stage tissue adhesive application and adhesive-assisted debridement of epithelial lining at the cornea surface of perforation were important factors in healing. Although penetrating keratoplasties brought comparable anatomical and functional success in these cases, in developing countries, where facilities for keratoplasty and availability of corneal donor is poor, detection and management of small perforations in diseased cornea with tissue adhesive is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Atrophy of myelinated nerve fibers in pituitary adenoma.

A one-eyed patient was referred as a case of amblyopia secondary to myelinated retinal nerve fibers. Investigations revealed a pituitary adenoma. Following surgical ablation of the tumor, reduction in the myelination became evident. We report this rare occurrence in a case of pituitary tumor with photographic documentation for the first time.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

Enterovirus 70 acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis--sporadic cases.

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) has been reported in epidemics. This is a report of 29 sporadic cases of AHC recorded over a period of two years after the 1981 epidemic in and around Chandigarh. A rapid and simple immunofluorescence test was developed and standardized in our Institute for the diagnosis of AHC. It was used for epidemiological monitoring of cases and to establish the diagnosis in suspected cases of AHC reporting after the epidemic. The clinical picture of epidemic and sporadic cases is compared.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Anterior radial keratotomy experience in 600 cases of myopia.

Surgical results of anterior radial keratotomy in 1,200 eyes are presented. Of the eyes, 55% had an unaided visual acuity of 6/9 or better six months after surgery. An average of 1.90 D of myopia was corrected in these cases. It takes six weeks for the refraction to stabilize and to know the final success of surgery. There was no statistically significant influence of age or sex or preoperative refractive error on the amount of surgically induced change in refraction. The extent of myopia corrected is directly proportional to the change induced in the radius of curvature. The operative and postoperative complications were minimal and did not endanger vision.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Cilioretinal artery occlusion: a case report.

A young man had an occlusion of the cilioretinal artery. Recirculation in the vessel was established within 48 hours. The retinal damage has been permanent with no improvement in visual acuity. Fluorescein angiography during the stages of occlusion and established recirculation have been described. Vascular spasm of a short posterior ciliary artery due to smoking is the likely causal factor. The site of obstruction and the hemodynamic factors have been discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Selective suture cutting for control of astigmatism following cataract surgery.

Use of 10-0 monofilament nylon in ECCE cataract surgery leads to high with the rule astigmatism. Many intraoperative and post operative methods have been used to minimise post operative astigmatism. We did selective suture cutting in 38 consecutive patients. Mean keratometric astigmatism at three and six weeks post operative was 5.76 and 5.42 dioptres (D) respectively. 77.5% of eyes had astigmatism above 2 D. Selective suture cutting along the axis of the plus high cylinder was done after six weeks of surgery. Mean post suture cutting keratometric astigmatism was 3.3 D and 70% of the eyes had astigmatism below 2 D. After 3 months of surgery mean keratometric astigmatism was reduced to 1.84 D. Axis of the astigmatism also changed following suture cutting. 40% of the eyes showed improvement in their Snellen acuity following reduction in the cylindrical power.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous extrusion of cysticercosis: report of three cases.

We report three cases of spontaneous extrusion of cysticercosis. In two cases, it got extruded from the orbit and in one case from the subconjunctival space. Extrusion of cysticercosis was associated with improvement in clinical signs and symptoms.

Adolescent↗