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Biomedical subjects

S P Martin

Publications and source records attributed to S P Martin.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

'Diaphragmlike' stricture and ulcer of the colon during diclofenac treatment.

Diclofenac sodium is a widely used enteric-coated nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. We describe a woman with Hemoccult-positive stools and iron deficiency anemia who developed both a colonic ulcer and a "diaphragm-like" colonic stricture while taking enteric-coated diclofenac. These lesions were evident on colonoscopy but not on barium studies. Biopsy specimens of the ulcer and stricture revealed particulate matter that was indistinguishable from diclofenac pill fragments by electron microscopy. Discontinuation of diclofenac therapy resulted in resolution of anemia and Hemoccult-positive stools. We conclude that (1) enteric-coated diclofenac is associated with both colonic ulcers and diaphragm-like colonic strictures; (2) the pathophysiologic mechanism for the development of both ulcers and strictures may involve a direct action of diclofenac within these lesions; (3) colonoscopy may be superior to barium studies in evaluating patients receiving diclofenac who have iron deficiency anemia and/or Hemoccult-positive stools.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1990

Effects of dominance rank on d-amphetamine-induced increases in aggression.

Previous research has suggested that certain social factors, e.g., dominance rank, can determine the behavioral effects of drugs in individual members of a social group. In the present experiment, the effects of d-amphetamine were studied in two adult male monkeys with dominance rankings that changed during a reorganization of the social hierarchy in a captive group of stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides). A range of doses of d-amphetamine was administered to each subject, and dose-effect curves were determined before and after group reorganization and stabilization. The data revealed drug effects which were dependent upon dose and the social rank of the animals. When either subject occupied the highest ranking or alpha position within the dominance hierarchy, rate of aggressive behavior initiated by the subject was several times greater than when that monkey occupied a lower position within the dominance hierarchy. Moreover, for either subject, the dose-effect curve was shifted to the right when the monkey was highest in the dominance hierarchy. Finally, aggression initiated by the drug-treated subject was directed more frequently toward adult members of the group when the subject was highest in the hierarchy and toward nonadult animals when the subject was lower in the hierarchy. These data support the hypothesis that the dominance position of an animal in a group can be a determinant of the behavioral effect of certain drugs.

Aggression↗
PubMed1979

Descriptive epidemiology of testicular and prostatic cancer in Los Angeles.

Data from the Los Angeles County Cancer Surveillance Program (CSP) from 1972 to 1975 were used to study the descriptive epidemiology of testicular cancer and prostatic cancer. The very high black/white ratio and late age peak of cancer of the prostate contrasted sharply with the very low ratio and early age peak of testicular cancer. However, both sites had higher rates among upper occupational and social class groupings. Avalable descriptive and analytical research suggests that the etiology of prostatic cancer is most probably related to hormonal influences rather than to a horizontally transmitted agent, while the etiology of testicular cancer is most probably related to endogenous or exogenous hormonal influences in utero or in infancy, or to in utero exposure to other exogenous agents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The role of the Federal government in financing health and medical services.

Public sector spending and private sector spending for health and medical services have tended to parallel one another over the past four decades. Although total expenditures have grown dramatically, the relationship between the two sectors has not. Government gradually increased its support and provision of health care between 1929 and 1940. Between 1940 and 1966 government spending for health care remained at a plateau. The federal government's major participation since 1966 has been through its role as a transfer agent for the Medicare trust fund, acting as an intermediary, rather than through the expenditure of general revenues for health and medical care services. Rising costs and increased demand for medical services will probably force a larger financial role upon government.

Financing, Government↗
PubMed1975

Cancer incidence in the Mexican-American.

Lower incidence rates of cancer for all anatomic sites combined were found in male and female Spanish-surnamed residents of Los Angeles County when compared to other whites. These Mexican-Americans were at lower risk for cancer of the buccal cavity, colon, rectum, larynx, lung, breast, bladder, prostate, and testis, and were at higher risk for cancer of the stomach, gallbladder, liver, and cervix. Immigrant Mexican-Americans had incidence rates most divergent from other whites, whereas indigenous Mexican-Americans had rates between the other two groups. The cancer pattern in Mexican-Americans was generally similar to that in American Indians. These data were most consistent with environmental variations in cause.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Lung cancer and air pollution in southcentral Los Angeles County.

An increased rate of lung cancer has been consistently observed from 1968-1972 among males in southcentral Los Angeles. This excess risk occurs across several social classes and occupational categories. No differential excess of oral cavity, pancreatic, laryngeal and bladder cancer was observed in the same area, lessening the possibility that regional variations in smoking habits accounted for the excess lung cancer. Air sampling has indicated an excess of certain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in southcentral Los Angeles. There was a correlation between the geographic distribution of lung cancer cases and the general location of industries which have emitted these PAH. A case-controlled study of smoking, occupational and residential history in the southcentral area is underway.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An areawide cancer reporting network.

A cancer Surveillance Program was formed in 1970 to provide a mechanism for the early identification of some 22,000 cancer cases that are diagnosed annually among the large and varied population of Los Angeles County. The program's rapid reporting procedures facilitate early access to patients for interviewing and specimen collection. Routine review of all reports of microscopically diagnosed malignancies in hospitals throughout the county and screening of all of the county's death certificates provide virtually complete data on cancer incidence in the county. Case reports include information on age, ethnic group, birthplace, residence, religion, marital status, occupation, and industry. Continuing analysis of this information has led to the development of epidemiologic studies of several factors which may have an etiological relationship to human cancer. Among these factors are genetic susceptibility, exposure to air pollutants and industrial carcinogens and possible viral transmission.

California↗