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Biomedical subjects

S P Tyrer

Publications and source records attributed to S P Tyrer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Behavioural continence training in mental handicap: a 10-year follow-up study.

Ten years after continence training, 14 severely and profoundly mentally handicapped individuals were found to have substantially maintained their improvements in bladder control. Completely independent self-initiated toileting had not been maintained, but the level of prompting to toilet was considerably less than before training. Those who had received intensive individual training fared much better than those who had received less intensive group training. Intensive individual training was found to be cost effective and resulted in very substantial savings in career time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The context of childhood depression. The Newcastle Childhood Depression Project.

This paper examines the family background, premorbid personality traits and adverse life events preceding childhood depression. The non-depressed group proved more likely to have experienced pre-school bereavement and familial disturbance, and to come from the more deprived background; there was also an excess of premorbid anxiety and hysterical personality traits in this group. School phobia and premorbid obsessional traits were associated with the depressed group. Although there was an association between depression and the total number of adverse life events, this was more substantial when the perceived impact of the events was taken into account. Of the individual classes of life event, only illness and a change in social relationships were associated specifically with depression.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Reliability and validity of two self-rating scales in the assessment of childhood depression.

A comparison was made of the reliability and validity of two self-rating scales, the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS), in the diagnosis of depression in 93 children (aged 8-16 years) attending a university child psychiatry department. The two scales were of comparable merit but had only moderate discrimination between depressed and non-depressed children, with each scale having a misclassification rate of 25%. Better agreement was obtained in more verbally intelligent children, irrespective of age. Girls scored higher on the instruments than boys. No significant relationship was found between teacher assessment of classroom behaviour and the two self-rating depression instruments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The relationship between response to fluoxetine, plasma drug levels, imipramine binding to platelet membranes and whole-blood 5-HT.

1) Thirty-four (34) out-patients with major depressive disorder as defined by Research Diagnostic Criteria were treated with fluoxetine in an open study. 2) All patients received 60 mg daily of the drug for between 18 and 21 days. 3) Of the 28 patients who completed the trial 21 showed improvement and 7 of these showed a marked change. 4) The 7 good responders had a higher fluoxetine:norfluoxetine ratio after three weeks treatment than the remaining patients; 6 of these patients were males. 5) All patients, irrespective of response, showed a decrease in imipramine binding and decrease in whole blood 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) during the period of the study. 6) The response to the drug may be related to metabolism of fluoxetine.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1990

Reduction in antipsychotic drug dosage in mentally handicapped patients. A hospital study.

An investigation in a large mental handicap hospital revealed that 24% of the in-patients were receiving antipsychotic drugs. Chlorpromazine and thioridazine prescriptions accounted for 62% of the total while 10% of patients received depot preparations. Fifty-five per cent of the patients receiving these drugs had no established psychiatric diagnosis; most of these could be categorised as having a behaviour disorder. Patients aged 30-50 received higher doses, and female patients received a significantly higher mean dosage than male ones. In the patients receiving neuroleptic drugs who had also been taking them four years previously, there was a significant reduction in the dosage of the drugs received and the extent of polypharmacy of these agents. A mandatory requirement to review all prescriptions annually, implemented in 1984, may be a reason for this.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A double-blind placebo-controlled study of buspirone in diazepam withdrawal in chronic benzodiazepine users.

A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 23 chronic benzodiazepine users showed that overall, buspirone did not appear to be helpful in alleviating benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms. Buspirone (5 mg t.d.s.) or placebo was administered for four weeks before, during and after diazepam withdrawal. Patients taking buspirone had a markedly higher dropout rate (seven out of 11) than those taking placebo (one out of 12). Mean daily diazepam dosage at entry was significantly higher in the buspirone group, but overall initial diazepam dosage was not related to outcome. Higher subjectively rated anxiety at the start of withdrawal was significantly related to higher dropout rate, irrespective of treatment, and was greater (although not significantly so) in the buspirone group.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Assessment and physical treatment of affective disorder.

Over the past decade there has been a tendency to diagnose affective disorder more readily, aided by the development of operational schedules that require few symptoms for diagnosis. This review will cover recent developments in the classification of affective disorder, how depression and mania can be adequately assessed and the treatment of these conditions.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1988

Cortical evoked potentials and clinical rating scales as measures of depressive illness.

Relationships between clinical ratings and cortical evoked potentials were examined before and during antidepressant drug treatment in 32 patients with major depressive disorder (DSM-III). Clinical rating scales included Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Beck Depression Inventory, Present State Examination (PSE) and Newcastle Scale. Evoked potentials included contingent negative variation (CNV), post-imperative negative variation (PINV) and auditory evoked potential (AEP) There were close correlations between all rating scales, and factor analysis produced only one component, suggesting that the common variance between them related to severity of depression. CNV magnitude before treatment correlated negatively with severity of depression regardless of diagnostic category. Depressed patients had a prominent PINV which persisted during antidepressant treatment. The amplitude of late components (N1P2) of the AEP was reduced strikingly in patients with a history of suicide attempts.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

CSF copper in schizophrenia.

The authors measured copper levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of 8 schizophrenic subjects and 6 controls. The schizophrenic subjects had significantly lower CSF copper values than the controls, which is consistent with the hypothesis that there is reduced central activity of copper-dependent enzymes in schizophrenia. These enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, are involved in the synthesis and catabolism of dopamine.

Copper↗