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Biomedical subjects

S P Yadav

Publications and source records attributed to S P Yadav.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Study of social determinants of malaria in desert part of Rajasthan, India.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: A longitudinal study on social determinants of malaria has been undertaken in different villages of Ramgarh PHC of Jaisalmer district, Rajasthan. The study aims to determine social determinants of malaria as applicable to existing cast groups of desert part of Rajasthan. METHODS: Out of 940 households in five villages, 150 households of Rajput community (forward community) and Meghwal community (backward community) were selected at random to study whether due to different behaviour of existing caste groups, transmission of malaria and its intensity also vary or not. RESULTS: It was found that magnitude of malaria was three times more in the Meghwal community as compared to Rajput community. In-migration of natives importing malaria was found to be prominent cause of more malaria incidence in the backward community. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: An intervention policy aiming to study existing status of knowledge among different caste groups of desert areas could lead to a substantial control over in-migration as well as further transmission of disease in the desert part of Rajasthan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves partially attenuates streptozotocin-induced alterations in glycogen content and carbohydrate metabolism in rats.

Ocimum sanctum (OS) has been mentioned in Indian system of traditional medicine to be of value in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. We have previously shown that OS shows a dose-dependent hypoglycemic effect and prevented rise in plasma glucose in normal rats. It also showed significant antihyperglycemic effect in STZ-induced diabetes. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of OS on three important enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism [glucokinase (GK) (EC 2.7.1.2), hexokinase (HK) (EC 2.7.1.1) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) (EC 2.7.1.11)] along with glycogen content of insulin-dependent (skeletal muscle and liver) and insulin-independent tissues (kidneys and brain) in STZ (65 mg/kg) induced model of diabetes for 30 days. Administration of OS extract 200mg/kg for 30 days led to decrease in plasma glucose levels by approximately 9.06 and 26.4% on 15th and 30th day of the experiment. Liver and two-kidney weight expressed as percentage of body weight significantly increased in diabetics (P<0.0005) versus normal controls. OS significantly decreased renal (P<0.0005) but not liver weight. Renal glycogen content increased by over 10 folds while hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen content decreased by 75 and 68% in diabetic controls versus controls. OS did not affect glycogen content in any tissue. Activity of HK, GK and PFK in diabetic controls was 35, 50 and 60% of the controls and OS partially corrected this alteration.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Anti-cataract activity of Pterocarpus marsupium bark and Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds extract in alloxan diabetic rats.

Long-term complications are frequently encountered in diabetes mellitus and are difficult to treat. This study was undertaken to assess the effect of three antidiabetic plants on the development of cataract in rats. An aqueous extract of Pterocarpus marsupium Linn bark (PM, Hindi name: Vijaysar) (1 g kg(-1) day(-1)), Ocimum sanctum Linn leaves (OS, Hindi name, Tulsi) (200 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) and alcoholic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn seeds (FG, Hindi name, Methi) (2 g kg(-1) day(-1)) were given to alloxan (120 mg kg(-1)) diabetic rats until the development of cataract. Serum glucose and body weight were monitored at regular intervals while cataract was examined through naked eye as well as slit lamp at 75, 100 and 115 days after alloxan administration. Administration of all the three plant extracts exerted a favorable effect on body weight and blood glucose, the effects were best with PM followed by FG and OS. On the course of cataract development, PM followed by FG exerted anti-cataract effect evident from decreased opacity index while OS failed to produce any anti-cataract effect in spite of significant antihyperglycemic activity.

Alloxan↗
PubMed2004

Brassica juncea (Rai) significantly prevented the development of insulin resistance in rats fed fructose-enriched diet.

Brassica juncea (BJ; Hindi name: Rai) seeds and Murraya koenigii (MK; English names: Curry leaves) leaves, used as food ingredients and also by diabetics in India, were assessed in a fructose-mediated non-genetic model of insulin resistance. Feeding of fructose rich diet for 30 days resulted in rise in blood glucose by 29.4%, insulin by 101.2% and cholesterol by 26.7% indicating development of insulin resistance. However, feeding of a fructose diet containing 10% Brassica juncea seeds powder for 30 days significantly decreased fasting serum glucose, insulin and cholesterol levels but did not normalize them. On the other hand, a diet containing 15% Murraya koenigii leaves powder failed to exert any effect on these parameters. Results of the present study suggests that BJ can play a role in management of pre-diabetic state of insulin resistance and should be promoted for use in patients prone to diabetes.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica charantia: a review.

Since ancient times, plants and herbal preparations have been used as medicine. Research carried out in last few decades has certified several such claims of use of several plants of traditional medicine. Popularity of Momordica charantia (MC) in various systems of traditional medicine for several ailments (antidiabetic, abortifacient, anthelmintic, contraceptive, dysmenorrhea, eczema, emmenagogue, antimalarial, galactagogue, gout, jaundice, abdominal pain, kidney (stone), laxative, leprosy, leucorrhea, piles, pneumonia, psoriasis, purgative, rheumatism, fever and scabies) focused the investigator's attention on this plant. Over 100 studies using modern techniques have authenticated its use in diabetes and its complications (nephropathy, cataract, insulin resistance), as antibacterial as well as antiviral agent (including HIV infection), as anthelmintic and abortifacient. Traditionally it has also been used in treating peptic ulcers, interestingly in a recent experimental studies have exhibited its potential against Helicobacter pylori. Most importantly, the studies have shown its efficacy in various cancers (lymphoid leukemia, lymphoma, choriocarcinoma, melanoma, breast cancer, skin tumor, prostatic cancer, squamous carcinoma of tongue and larynx, human bladder carcinomas and Hodgkin's disease). There are few reports available on clinical use of MC in diabetes and cancer patients that have shown promising results.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Use of RAPD-PCR for genetic analysis of Nicobari fowl of Andamans.

1. The present study was conducted to estimate genetic relatedness among Nicobari fowls (Brown, Black and White) and an exotic bird (White Leghorn) using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymorphism. 2. A total of 25 decamer primers were screened among all the breeds of which 24 primers amplified the genomic DNA, generating 2000 to 200 bp bands. Ten primers generated reproducible and distinct RAPD profiles and were used for further analysis. 3. A total of 94 bands were amplified and 30 polymorphic bands (32%) were produced. The number of polymorphic loci ranged from 1 to 5 with an average of 3.0. 4. Among the native breeds Brown Nicobari showed higher genetic similarity (0.85) than Black Nicobari (0.80) and White Nicobari fowl (0.82). 5. Brown Nicobari showed high genetic similarity with Black Nicobari (0.87 +/- 0.029); least similarity was between White Nicobari and White Leghorn (0.77 +/- 0.028). 6. The RAPD profile of all Nicobari fowls on amplification with the primers PBG5 and PBA12 showed specific bands of molecular size 1050 and 785 bp, respectively. 7. The native breeds showed the least genetic distance with each other while White Leghorn appeared to be most distant from the native breeds.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effect of feeding Murraya koeingii and Brassica juncea diet on [correction] kidney functions and glucose levels in streptozotocin diabetic mice.

Purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of daily oral feeding 15% of powdered leaves of Murraya koeingii (MK) (commonly called as Curry patta) and 10% powder of seeds of Brassica juncea (BJ) (commonly called as Rai) for 60 days on serum glucose concentrations and kidney functions in streptozotocin (STZ; 100mg/kg) diabetic rats. Serum glucose levels, body weight, urine volume, serum creatinine, and urinary albumin (UAE) levels were monitored on day 0, 10, 25, 40, and 70 of the experiment. After 60 days of STZ administration, urine volume per day and UAE levels were significantly higher (P<0.0005) in diabetic controls (DC) as compared to normal controls (NC). Although feeding of the MK/BJ showed a trend towards improvement in most of the parameters, results were not statistically different from the DC except in serum creatinine values in BJ-fed rats on day 70. Thus, these plants can be best utilized by promoting them as preferable food adjuvants for diabetic patients.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effect of T. foenumgraecum on glycogen content of tissues and the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism.

The Indian traditional system of medicine prescribed plant therapies for diseases including diabetes mellitus called madhumeh in Sanskrit. One such plant mentioned in Ayurveda is Trigonella foenumgraecum (FG). In the present study, FG (1g/kg PO) was assessed for its effect on glycogen levels of insulin dependent (skeletal muscle and liver), insulin independent tissues (kidneys and brain) and enzymes such as glucokinase (GK), hexokinase (HK), and phosphofructokinase (PFK). Administration of FG led to decrease in blood glucose levels by 14.4 and 46.64% on 15th and 30th day of the experiment. Liver and 2-kidney weight expressed as percentage of body weight was significantly increased in diabetics (P<0.0005) versus normal controls and this alteration in the renal weight (P<0.0005) but not liver weight was normalized by feeding of FG. Renal glycogen content increased by over 10 folds while hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen content decreased by 75 and 68% in diabetic controls versus controls and these alteration in glycogen content was partly prevented by FG. Activity of HK, GK and PFK in diabetic controls was 35, 50 and 60% of the controls and FG partially corrected this alteration in PFK, HK and GK.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

A profile of renal/renovascular abnormalities in patients of hypertension.

After a thorough dinical examination and laboratory investigations, ultrasonography (USG) followed by minute sequence urography (MSU) and aortography and/or selective renal angiography were done in 108 patients, clinically suspected of having renal hypertension of which 32 patients (29.6%) were found to be positive for renal/renovascular disease. Out of 82 patients, who were only young hypertensives, a definite diagnosis of renal/renovascular disease could be made in only 15 cases (18.3%), whereas the pick up rate increased to 65.4% in the rest of the 26 patients who had some other clinical criteria besides hypertension and it further increased up to 92.3% (out of these 26 patients) who had 2 or more than 2 clinical criteria of selection of patients besides hypertension. USG was useful in diagnosing renal parenchymal disease/ suggesting renal abnormalities in 30 cases and MSU was able to detect renal changes in 31 patients. Aortography and/or selective renal angiography could make a definite diagnosis of renovascular disease in 17 cases and renal agenesis in one case.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Purification, characterization and partial amino acid sequencing of a 70 kD inhibitor protein of Na+,K+-ATPase from goat testis cytosol.

A protein isolated from goat testis cytosol is found to inhibit Na+,K+-ATPase from rat brain microsomes. The inhibitor has been purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The purified fraction appears as a single polypeptide band on 10% SDS-PAGE of approximate molecular mass of 70 kDa. The concentration at which 50% inhibition (I50) occurs is in the nanomolar range. The inhibitor seems to bind Na+,K+-ATPase reversibly at ATP binding site in a competitive manner with ATP, but away from ouabain binding site. It does not affect p-nitrophenyl-phosphatase activity. The inhibitor is found to inhibit the phosphorylation step of the Na+,K+-ATPase. The enhancement of tryptophan fluorescence and changes in CD pattern suggest conformational changes of Na+,K+-ATPase on binding to the inhibitor. Amino acid sequence of the trypsinised fragments show some homology with aldehyde reductase.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2001

Urethral hemangioma. An unusual cause of hematuria.

Urethral hemangioma is an exceedingly rare, benign tumor which commonly presents as urethral bleeding. Urethroscopy is the best diagnostic procedure. There are various treatment modalities and appropriate therapy is individualised depending upon site, size and number of hemangiomas. We report a case of solitary urethral hemangioma present in the bulbar urethra. The patient presented with spontaneous profuse hematuria and was managed by wide excision of the hemangioma.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Stylalgia: an Indian perspective.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to study the stylalgia profile in Indians and the outcome of styloidectomy in such cases. DESIGN: This prospective study was carried out by random selection of patients with stylalgia using periodic random numbers. SETTING: This was a hospital-based study. METHODS: Surgical excision of the symptomatic enlarged styloid process was performed by the transtonsillar route using a dilation and curettage (D and C) curette. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The patients were followed postoperatively for their pain relief. RESULTS: Of 40 patients operated on, 31 (77.5%) became symptom free, 5 (12.5%) had considerable improvement in their symptoms, and 4 (10%) had no relief. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of an enlarged styloid process was found to be higher in an Indian rural population with female preponderance owing to their carrying of heavy weight on head. Styloidectomy was very rewarding. The D and C curette was found to be a very effective instrument for styloidectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Bilateral choanal atresia--respiratory emergency in a neonate.

Bilateral choanal atresia is potentially a fatal respiratory emergency in a newborn. A 2-day-old full term male infant was presented with history of attacks of cyanosis, difficulty in suckling and respiration. On examination cyclical change of body colour, ie, alternating cyanosis and normal colour was observed. CT scan of the base of the skull revealed bilateral choanal atresia. The patient underwent choanal canalisation operation by transnasal route using Lichtwitz trocar and cannula with controlled force.

Catheterization↗
PubMed2001

Malaria outbreak in the Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojna command area in Jaisalmer district, Thar Desert, India.

A focal outbreak of malaria occurred in the villages situated close to the main Indira Gandhi canal near Ramgarh in Jaisalmer district, western Rajasthan. Stagnation of water over a month's period in the main canal as well as long standing rain water in the form of expansive lakes near these villages formed vast breeding grounds for the vectors like Anopheles culicifacies, along with A. stephensi already breeding in the 'tanka' and 'beri' in the epidemichit villages. Rapid mass blood surveys along with other entomological and parasitological investigations were conducted in four of the ten affected villages, viz., Seuva, Raghwa, Raimala and Sadhna. A total of 992 specimens belonging to four vector species were sampled, namely, A. stephensi (47.4%), A. culicifacies (41.0%), A. subpictus (11.2%) and A. annularis (0.4%). Epidemiologically, about one-fourth of the examined persons were positive (SPR 25.5%), although Plasmodium falciparum dominated the parasitaemia (49.5%). Available data are indicative of changed malariological scenario in the Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojna command area, where epidemics are regular features every year.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Multiple papilloma larynx.

Multiple papilloma of larynx is caused by human papilloma virus. We treated sixteen such cases (10 males and six females) in the last 10 years. All presented with hoarseness while six presented with difficulty in respiration. Three patients needed tracheostomy, all had difficult decanulation, and one developed laryngotracheal stenosis and could not be decanulated. All were treated by surgical excision; ten had recurrence. Four patients were treated with post operative Acyclovir with no recurrence in three cases.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1999

Calreticulin down-regulates both GTP binding and transglutaminase activities of transglutaminase II.

Enzyme regulation is an important mechanism for controlling cell proliferation and differentiation in response to extracellular signaling molecules. We have previously reported that a approximately 50 kDa protein (termed Gbetah) consistently copurified with Galphah (transglutaminase II, TGII) and that Gbetah down-regulates the GTPase function of TGII by associating with GDP-bound TGII [Baek et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 2651-2657]. In this study, we examined the identity of Gbetah by partial amino acid sequencing and immunological characterizations. The results strongly suggest that Gbetah is a protein known as calreticulin (CRT). When the regulatory role of CRT in the GTPase activity of TGII was examined, CRT inhibited GTP (GTPgammaS) binding and hydrolysis in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, CRT interacted only with GDP-bound TGII. These results demonstrate that CRT down-regulates the GTPase activity of TGII by associating with GDP-bound TGII. Studies on the modulation of the TGase activity of TGII revealed that CRT also inhibited TGase activity. The inhibition showed the two characteristics depend on guanine nucleotides occupying the GTPase active site. The inhibition of the "empty" form of the GTPase active site increased the Ca2+ requirement without changing the Vmax. On the other hand, the inhibition of the GDP-bound form decreased Vmax, but did not alter the Ca2+ requirement. Moreover, the GTPgammaS-bound TGII was virtually resistant to Ca2+-mediated stimulation of the TGase activity, indicating that the GTP-bound TGII does not function as a TGase. We concluded that CRT is the regulatory protein of TGII that down-regulates both GTPase and TGase activities, opposing the activators of TGII function.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1999

Knowledge, attitude and practice towards malaria in rural communities of the epidemic-prone Thar Desert, northwestern India.

In order to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the rural Thar Desert population about malaria and its vectors, a total of 345 heads of households, including housewives, suffering with malaria were surveyed randomly, along with the same number of healthy control subjects, in four villages of Jodhpur and Jaisalmer districts of Rajasthan, north-western India. Results showed that in the traditionally hypoendemic Thar Desert, with low levels of immunity against malaria particularly Plasmodium falciparum, a large segment of rural people were equally less aware about the dangers of the disease. About three-fourths of the studied population did not quite comprehend the purpose of the five decade-old National Anti Malaria Programme, while nearly 50% respondents were reluctant to accept the programme lacking the component of community participation but directly targetting on the control of the disease. Consequently, about 50% malaria patients and 60% healthy subjects lacked in taking initiative to resort to any anti-mosquito or anti-malaria measure to protect themselves, although 27% malaria patients and 2.9% healthy subjects acknowledge correct causes of malaria. This study, being the first of its kind in a desert community currently facing emergence of P. falciparum-dominated malaria outbreaks, is a testimony to the hitherto prevalent deep gaps in knowledge about the disease, and its results warrant sincere efforts to link up the malaria control programme with the community participation for protection against this scourage in future.

Adolescent↗