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Biomedical subjects

S Pachauri

Publications and source records attributed to S Pachauri.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Male involvement in reproductive health care.

The programme of action globally endorsed at the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) emphasised the need for equity in gender relations with a special focus on men's shared responsibility and active involvement to promote reproductive and sexual health. If men are brought into a wide range of reproductive health services in such a way that they are supported as equal partners and responsible parents, as well as clients in their own right, better outcomes are expected in reproductive health indicators such as contraception acceptance and continuation, safer sexual behaviours, use of reproductive health services, and reduction in reproductive morbidity and mortality. This paper focuses on these key questions. What does men's involvement mean and how should it be operationalised? What does shared responsibility mean for various reproductive health problems subsumed within the reproductive health framework? Programmes to involve men should be designed to address three major goals: (1) Improve sexual and reproductive health of men and women, (2) generate men's support for women's actions related to reproduction and respect for women's reproductive and sexual rights, and (3) promote responsible and healthy reproductive and sexual behaviour in young men and boys. Gender inequality is a major barrier that must be overcome if these goals are to be met. Improving the reproductive well-being of women and men requires freeing them both from restricted gender roles.

Contraception↗
PubMed1994

Relationship between AIDS and family planning programmes: a rationale for developing integrated reproductive health services.

This paper examines the potential links between family planning and maternal and child health programmes and the emerging needs of the global AIDS epidemic; and assesses the feasibility of organizing comprehensive reproductive health programmes in developing countries to include the prevention and control of reproductive tract infections including sexually transmitted infections as well as HIV/AIDS. The paper discusses arguments opposing the integration of programmes against sexually transmitted infections within family planning and MCH programmes, as well as the programmatic and epidemiological reasons for considering such integration. It is important to determine what elements can be realistically integrated within programmes of varying organizational capacity without compromising their effectiveness.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1982

Two-year follow-up of 3,466 sterilizations in India.

Because female sterilization is being used extensively as a method of limiting family size, its early complications as well as long-term sequelae should be carefully documented. This analysis of a two-year controlled prospective study of 3,466 sterilized women shows that the incidence of poststerilization gynecologic abnormalities was not significantly higher than what might be expected in the general population and declined markedly over time. Poststerilization surgery rates were also low. The incidence of weight gain among sterilized women was significantly higher than that of weight loss. Analysis of menstrual patterns showed no change in menstrual cycle parameters after sterilization for the majority of the cases. Both favorable and unfavorable changes in menstrual cycle parameters were reported. The two-year pregnancy rate was 0.4%. One ectopic pregnancy was reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A two-year follow-up study of women sterilized in India.

For large-scale program implementation, it is important to document both early and long-term safety and effectiveness of female sterilization methods. The results of this controlled, prospective, two-year study of 2,053 women who underwent sterilization in Baroda, India, show a marked decline in gynecological abnormalities over time; the incidence of gynecological pathology following sterilization was not significantly higher than what might be expected in the general population. The incidence of post-sterilization gynecological surgery was low. Significantly more women had weight gain than weight loss after sterilization. After sterilization, no change in menstrual cycle parameters was reported for the vast majority of women. Both favorable and unfavorable changes in menstrual cycle parameters were noted. The one-year and two-year pregnancy rates were 0.0 and 0.4 percent, respectively. No ectopic pregnancies were reported.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1978

Experience with minilaparotomy in the Philippines.

This paper presents the socio-demographic characteristics, medical histories, and clinical data on 651 women sterilized by interval minilaparotomy procedures in Manila, Philippines. About two thirds of the procedures were performed with local anesthesia; the Pomeroy technique was used for tubal ligation. In 2.8% of the patients, salpingectomy or fimbriectomy was performed on one side because of surgical difficulties and complications. Surgical difficulties were encountered in 19.8% of the procedures; adhesions (4.3%) and bowel interference (4.0%) were the most frequent causes of surgical difficulty. Complications occurred during surgery in 1.7% of the procedures. Early postoperative complications were noted in 9.1% of the cases. None of the patients required readmission to the hospital. While 612 women were followed up at 6 months, 299 were followed up at 12 months. One women (0.2%) became pregnant after sterilization; at repeat minilaparotomy, ligation of the left round ligament rather than the tube was observed. Pelvic surgery, other than pregnancy-related surgery, during the year following sterilization was reported for one patient who underwent exploratory laparotomy with appendectomy and oophorocystectomy. Menstrual pattern changes were minimal. The results of this study suggest that tubal ligation via minilaparotomy is practical, safe, and effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Study of "spontaneous" abortion in Thailand.

This analysis includes data on 3 530 patients with septic or incomplete, inevitable or threatened abortions who were treated at the Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok between January 1972 and December 1973. Data on the patients' socio-demographic characteristics; their reproductive, abortion, and medical histories; their pre- and postabortion contraceptive acceptance; and a clinical profile of their abortion treatment, including procedure time, length of hospitalization, and immediate and delayed postoperative complications are analyzed.

Abortion, Incomplete↗
PubMed1978

A comparison of metal and plastic cannulae for vacuum aspiration.

A comparative study of the safety and effectiveness of metal (Purandare) versus plastic (Karman) cannulae for first trimester abortion was conducted on 400 women. Two hundred vacuum aspiration procedures were performed using each type of cannula. All aspirations were performed by a single physician, and patient follow-up was performed by a second physician. The complication rates, amount of retained tissue, rates of cannula obstruction and procedure times of the two cannulae were compared. Our findings showed no significant difference in any of these evaluation criteria for the metal and plastic cannulae.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1978

The role of methylergonovine maleate in augmenting extraamniotic saline for midtrimester abortion.

This study was conducted in Bombay, India, to evaluate the role of oral methylergonovine maleate (Methergine, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, N.J., USA) in augmenting the effect of intermittent extraamniotic instillation of 20% saline for midtrimester abortion in 200 patients. Methylergonovine maleate (MEM) administration was randomly allocated to half the study subjects. All the study procedures were performed by a single operator, and to minimize evaluator bias, another physician evaluated all the study patients after abortion. This study showed that a statistically significant higher percentage of patients in the MEM treated group aborted within 24 hours. At 36 and 48 hours, the differences were not statistically significant, although the cumulative abortion rates were higher for subjects who received the drug than for those who did not. The incidence of incomplete abortions was lower for those treated with MEM than for those not treated with the drug, but the difference was not statistically significant. The rates of complications and side effects were similar for both study groups.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1977

Female sterilization by laparoscopy: a comparative study of tubal occlusion with electrocoagulation and spring-loaded clip with one-year follow-up.

Findings are reported of a study conducted to evaluate and compare the safety and effectiveness of the spring-loaded clip and the electrocoagulation techniques of tubal occlusion via laparoscopy. The study was conducted from June, 1974 to June, 1975 on 300 cases in a Bangkok, Thailand hospital. Only patients who requested sterilization to limit family size were included in the study, and study patients were required to return for 6- and 12-month follow-up visits. To minimize possible patient and physician biases, all sterilization procedures were performed by one author (S. K.). and data were analyzed by the other author (S. P.). The specific operative technique was randomly assigned to the patient immediately prior to surgery, and the patient was unaware of the particular technique used. The findings showed no potentially serious complications for either technique. Neither complication rates nor incidence of pain were significantly different for the two procedures. The presence of adhesions was the most frequent cause of surgical difficulty in both techniques. No mechanical difficulties were reported. No pregnancies were reported within one year of sterilization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

A comparison of D & C and vacuum aspiration for performing first trimester abortion.

In a study of techniques for first trimester abortion conducted at Kandang Kerbau Hospital in Singapore from September 1973 to April 1975, 420 physically healthy gravidas were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups either by D & C or vacuum aspiration. Half of the patients in each group were 6 to 10 menstrual weeks' gestation and half were 11 to 12 week's gestation. The numbers of women with one or more complications were the same for the two treatment groups, but were significantly less when termination was carried out at 11 to 12 weeks' gestation. Estimated blood loss was significantly lower for patients treated by VA (32.3 ml) than for patients treated by D & C (39.0 ml) at 6 to 10 week's gestation, but the difference in blood loss was not statistically significant at 11 to 12 weeks' gestation. Time from insertion to removal of the speculum was significantly less with VA than D & C at 6 to 10 weeks' gestation but not at 11 to 12 weeks' gestation. Since vacuum aspiration is at least as safe as D & C, and appears to be more convenient and costeffective, it should on the basis of this experience be accepted over D & C as the standard method for treatment of first trimester abortion.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1976

Follow-up study of oral contraceptive acceptors in Howrah District in India.

In the Howrah District in India, three clinics--one in each of the urban, slum, and rural areas of the city--were initiated by the Humanity Association of Howrah in November of 1968 to supply oral contraceptives (OCs) to women from 15 to 45 years of age. The project was discontinued in September, 1972. Of the 1700 patients still active when the project ended, 1527 were contacted for the follow-up survey. Findings indicate that most women in this district were satisfied with OCs and would continue to use them if they were available. In corroboration of this, it was found that 43% of the women had used OC'S obtained from other sources after the project was discontinued. While 35.5% of the women who used no contraceptive method after project ended reported becoming pregnant or suspected that they were pregnant at the time of the interview, only 4.2% of those who reported using some form of contraception reported pregnancy or suspected pregnancy. The demographic impact of the project will be evaluated on the basis of data to be obtained in a subsequent survey of the same communities.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1976

A comparison of laparoscopy and culdoscopy for internal sterilization.

In recent years, the increased demand for sterilization by women who have achieved their desired family size has emphasized the need to improve both existing methods of tubal occlusion and the means of access to the Fallopian tubes. Utilization of diagnostic instruments such as the laparoscope and culdoscope to perform sterilization minimizes the trauma associated with standard laparotomy and colpotomy and promises to reduce morbidity occurring as a result of sterilization. In order to evaluate and compare the improved techniques of laparoscopy and culdoscopy for elective interval sterilization, 722 women were studied between January and August of 1973 at the Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok. For 279 patients (Group I), sterilization was performed by culdoscopic tubal ligation using a modified Pomeroy technique; for 443 patients (Group II), the procedure used was laparoscopic tubal cauterization and cutting. All procedures were performed using local anesthesia on an outpatient basis. Complication rates and required surgical time were similar for both procedures and compared favorably with rates reported by other investigators. Because of a low incidence of complications and the elimination of the need for general anesthesia and hospitalization, both endoscopic procedures appear to be of particular value in developing countries where hospital facilities and physician time are in short supply.

Adult↗