PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Pancorbo

Publications and source records attributed to S Pancorbo.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Maintenance of therapeutic phenytoin plasma levels via intramuscular administration.

A parenteral dosing regimen was designed for the immediate attainment and maintenance of therapeutic plasma levels of phenytoin in patients requiring anticonvulsant therapy, but not able to tolerate oral medication. An intravenous dose of 10.7 mg/kg body weight infused at a rate of 25 mg/min immediately followed by an intramuscular dose of 12.7 mg/kg body weight were administered initially. This was followed by daily intramuscular maintenance doses, generally 8.6 mg/kg body weight, until oral medication could be tolerated. Due to variability between subjects, primarily in metabolism, the predicted maintenance doses had to be adjusted in approximately one third of the patients. This regimen for the dosing of phenytoin was evaluated in 98 patients and consistently yielded therapeutic levels.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of gentamicin and tobramycin nephrotoxicity in patients receiving individualized-pharmacokinetic dosing regimens.

The incidence of nephrotoxicity has been studied in 175 patients who received either gentamicin or tobramycin. All patients received individualized dosing regimens of the drugs based on pharmacokinetic parameters measured after the initial dose. Subsequent doses were calculated from the pharmacokinetic data to produce peak aminoglycoside levels of between 6 and 8 micrograms ml-1 and trough levels that were below 2 micrograms ml-1. Renal toxicity was defined as a 30 per cent or greater increase in the serum creatinine level above the baseline value. Five of the 125 patients (4 per cent) who received gentamicin, and 1 of the 39 patients (2.6 per cent) who received tobramycin developed signs of nephrotoxicity. This difference was not statistically significant.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Personality traits and theophylline metabolism.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between personality trait variables and theophylline disposition in asthmatic patients. Twenty-five patients admitted to a hospital who required intravenous theophylline for bronchodilation were studied. Data on theophylline half-life, and the patients' histories on congestive heart failure, liver disease, and smoking behaviour were abstracted. Eysenck's personality inventory was administered to obtain a score on the two personality traits: neuroticism and extraversion. High neurotic patients showed a significantly (p less than 0.005) lower theophylline half-life. Neuroticism appeared to be, in this patient population, a more important determinant of theophylline half-life than variables such as congestive heart failure, liver disease, or smoking behaviour.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subcutaneous epinephrine versus nebulized terbutaline in the emergency treatment of asthma.

The efficacy of aerosolized terbutaline compared with subcutaneous epinephrine in the treatment of acute asthma was studied. The study population consisted of 30 men and women, 17 to 35 years old, who were diagnosed at a hospital emergency department as having acute asthmatic attacks. Heart rate, blood pressure, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were measured on admission and 5, 15, and 30 minutes after initial drug treatment. One group received an initial dose of epinephrine hydrochloride (1:1000) 0.3 ml subcutaneously and a second, identical dose 15 minutes later. The other group received terbutaline sulfate 1 mg (for patients weighing less than or equal to 40 kg) or 2 mg (for patients weighing greater than 40 kg) by nebulizer over a five-minute period. Treatment was considered successful in patients whose PEFR was both greater than 60 liters/min and more than 16% greater than the individual's baseline PEFR. Improvements in the PEFR and in the ratio of the measured PEFR to the expected PEFR were compared for the two test groups. Five minutes after the initial drug administration, the mean improvement in PEFR was significantly greater in the terbutaline group (40% improvement) than in the epinephrine group (17% improvement). At 15 and 30 minutes, there were no significant differences in mean improvement in PEFR, but a trend favoring epinephrine was observed. The numbers of patients showing greater than or equal to 16% improvement in PEFR over baseline were not significantly different between the two groups. For patients in both drug groups with initial PEFR less than 60 liters/min, PEFR did not exceed 100 liters/min after treatment. No significant effect on heart rate was observed after administration of either drug. Aerosolized terbutaline is as effective as subcutaneous epinephrine in management of patients with acute bronchoconstricting episodes.

Adult↗