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Biomedical subjects

S Pande

Publications and source records attributed to S Pande.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Chitin-supplemented foliar application of chitinolytic Bacillus cereus reduces severity of Botrytis gray mold disease in chickpea under controlled conditions.

AIM: To identify and evaluate chitinolytic bacteria for control of Botrytis gray mold (BGM), a devastating disease in chickpea. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two antifungal bacterial isolates, chitinolytic Bacillus cereus CRS 7 and nonchitinolytic Pseudomonas fluorescens CRS 31, from the rhizosphere of chickpea, were applied as a prophylactic foliar spray and evaluated for control of BGM. In a controlled environment, the two isolates reduced the severity of BGM on the susceptible cv. JG 62 to 6.0 and 5.6, respectively, compared with 9.0 in the control, measured on a 1-9 rating scale. Supplementation of the foliar application of CRS 7 with 0.5% and 1.0% colloidal chitin reduced BGM severity to 4.4 and 4.1 respectively, while chitin-supplemented application of CRS 31 was similar to CRS 31 applied alone. Partially purified 47-kDa chitinase from the cell-free culture filtrate of CRS 7 at 20 and 40 mug protein ml(-1) (enzyme activity 3.1 units ml(-1)) inhibited the germination and lysed the conidia of Botrytis cinerea, and as a prophylactic foliar spray reduced BGM severity to 5.4 and 4.8, respectively. CONCLUSION: Chitin supplementation improved the biocontrol of the foliar disease BGM by chitinolytic bacterium. Disease control with partially purified chitinase of CRS 7 supported the major role of chitinolysis in improved control of BGM. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Enhanced control of BGM by chitin-supplemented application of CRS 7 is of significant in view of the frequent inconsistency in biocontrol of foliar diseases. This study supports further attempts on chitinolysis-based biocontrol methods for foliar disease biocontrol.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2005

Phylloplane bacteria increase seedling emergence, growth and yield of field-grown groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

AIM: To isolate and characterize groundnut-associated bacterial isolates for growth promotion of groundnut in field. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three hundred and ninety-three groundnut-associated bacteria, representing the geocarposphere, phylloplane and rhizosphere, and endophytes were applied as seed treatment in greenhouse. Maximum increase in plant biomass (up to 26%) was observed following treatment with a rhizosphere isolate identified as Bacillus firmis GRS 123, and two phylloplane isolates Bacillus megaterium GPS 55 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa GPS 21. There was no correlation between the production of L-tryptophan-derived auxins and growth promotion by the test isolates. Actively growing cells and peat formulations of GRS 123 and GPS 55, and actively growing cells of GPS 21, significantly increased the plant growth and pod yield (up to 19%) in field. Rifampicin-resistant mutants of GRS 123 and GPS 21 colonized the ecto- and endorhizospheres of groundnut, respectively, up to 100 days after sowing (DAS), whereas GPS 55 was recovered from both the habitats at 100 DAS. CONCLUSION: Seed bacterization with phylloplane isolates promoted groundnut growth indicating the possibility of isolating rhizosphere beneficial bacteria from different habitats. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Identification of phylloplane bacteria as effective plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) broadens the spectrum of PGPR available for field application.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

Biological control of collar rot disease with broad-spectrum antifungal bacteria associated with groundnut.

Bacteria associated with 6 habitats of groundnut were evaluated for their broad-spectrum antifungal activity and suppression of collar rot (Aspergillus niger) of groundnut. Three hundred and ninety-three strains were tested against 8 fungal pathogens of groundnut including 5 necrotrophic fungi, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Rhizoctonia bataticola, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotium rolfsii, and 3 biotrophic fungi, Cercospora arachidicola, Phaeoisariopsis personata, and Puccinia arachidis. Pseudomonas sp. GRS 175, Pseudomonas aeruginosa GPS 21, GSE 18, GSE 19, and GSE 30, and their cell-free culture filtrates were highly antagonistic to all the test fungi. The cell-free culture filtrates of these bacteria were fungicidal and induced mycelial deformations including hyphal bulging and vacuolization in necrotrophic fungi. The cell-free culture filtrates at 10% (v/v) concentration significantly inhibited the spore germination of biotrophic fungi. In the greenhouse, P. aeruginosa GSE 18 emerged as an effective biocontrol agent of collar rot closely followed by P. aeruginosa GSE 19. The bacterium applied as a seed treatment reduced the pre-emergence rotting and postemergence wilting by > 60%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa GSE 18 effectively colonized the groundnut rhizosphere, both in native and in A. niger infested potting mixtures. Ninety-day-old peat formulation of P. aeruginosa GSE 18 had biocontrol ability comparable with the midlog-phase cells. Pseudomonas aeruginosa GSE 18, tolerant to thiram, in combination with the fungicide had an improved collar rot control. The present study was a successful attempt in selection of broad-spectrum and fungicide tolerant biocontrol agents that can be a useful component of integrated management of collar rot.

Antibiosis↗
PubMed2002

Do triglycerides modulate the effectiveness of clozapine?

We describe a case in which a patient's clinical response to clozapine appears to correlate positively with his serum triglyceride concentrations. We propose that the observed clinical response may partly be the result of the physical interaction of clozapine with the very low-density lipoproteins. We base this supposition on our previous in-vitro study showing that the plasma distribution of clozapine is significantly altered by increases in plasma triglyceride concentrations. Although this case only represents one patient, it highlights the possibility that serum lipids may be potential contributors to the clinical effectiveness of clozapine.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Immersive virtual reality used as a platform for perioperative training for surgical residents.

Perioperative preparations such as operating room setup, patient and equipment positioning, and operating port placement are essential to operative success in minimally invasive surgery. We developed an immersive virtual reality-based training system (REMIS) to provide residents (and other health professionals) with training and evaluation in these perioperative skills. Our program uses the qualities of immersive VR that are available today for inclusion in an ongoing training curriculum for surgical residents. The current application consists of a primary platform for patient positioning for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Having completed this module we can create many different simulated problems for other procedures. As a part of the simulation, we have devised a computer-driven real-time data collection system to help us in evaluating trainees and providing feedback during the simulation. The REMIS program trains and evaluates surgical residents and obviates the need to use expensive operating room and surgeon time. It also allows residents to train based on their schedule and does not put patients at increased risk. The method is standardized, allows for repetition if needed, evaluates individual performance, provides the possible complications of incorrect choices, provides training in 3-D environment, and has the capability of being used for various scenarios and professions.

Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic↗
PubMed2001

Immunochemical studies in Wilson's disease.

The present study deals with a total of 28 cases of Wilson's disease, 50 normal individuals alongwith siblings and parents of eight cases. Male predominance (18 out of 28 cases), a median age of 11 years and universal presence of Kayser-Fleischer (K. F.) ring marked the cardinal features. Furthermore, 11 patients had hepatic-neural presentation while two had only the K. F. Ring without clinical abnormality. Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID) as the absolute quantitative procedure revealed a profound deficiency of ceruloplasmin with the levels ranging anywhere between 0.5 mg/dI to 23 mg/dI amongst the patients of Wilson's disease. The data from siblings and parents also revealed deficiency in 15 out of 23 serum samples when subjected to disc electrophoresis-benzidine screening procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Abdominoperineal electrical injury involving urogenital organs.

Although the incidence of electrical burns is not very high this incidence is rising in India. The residual effects of electrical burns are sometimes very severe and long lasting, if not managed properly. This case report is of a patient who sustained severe electrical burns over his left arm, lower abdomen and perineal area. The injuries were so severe that life-saving disarticulation of the limb together with excision of the involved pubic bone and genitalia and suprapubic urinary diversion was done. During follow up an unusual finding was noticed. There was a peritubal leak with no drainage from the catheter and on removal of the catheter, a manual examination of the urinary bladder revealed a stone which was removed at the same time. Following removal of the stone two ureteric openings with the trigone were seen and it was concluded that the granulating tissue was actually the posterior wall of the bladder. This was then mobilized and reposited into the abdomen. The deficient lower abdomen was reconstructed with a tensor fascia lata flap. A penile reconstruction for the patient is under consideration.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2000

Large transverse fasciocutaneous leg flap: whole leg flap.

Large defects of leg and sole often need massive tissue transfer. As an alternative to microvascular transfer, we have developed a fasciocutaneous flap in which almost the whole of the skin of the opposite leg is transferred based just on the septocutaneous perforators of the posterior tibial artery. The flap has been used as a cross-leg fasciocutaneous flap with potential for use as a free flap by taking a segment of the posterior tibial artery. Our experience with 11 cases is presented. Two patients suffered marginal necrosis while donor site problems were seen in another two patients. We have found this flap to be safe, technically easy and with minimal donor-site morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Effect of microinjections of 5-hydroxytryptamine and adrenaline in central grey on pain responsiveness during acute food deprivation in conscious rats.

To study the effects of microinjections of 5 hydroxytryptamine and adrenaline in central grey on pain responsiveness during acute food deprivation, experiments were conducted in nine male rats. Microinjections of 5 HT (10 micrograms/microliter) and adrenaline (10 micrograms/microliter) were given in central grey before and at the end of 6, 12, 18 and 24 hr food deprivation and the effects on pain threshold, cardiorespiratory parameters and body temperature were noted. Observations showed that 5 HT increased the pain threshold (antinociception) significantly (P < 0.05) with no change in cardiorespiratory response and body temperature, adrenaline did not alter pain threshold with no change in cardiorespiratory response and body temperature. The observations suggest the possible existence of two types of monoaminergic receptors or pathways in the central grey.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Analysis of immunoglobulin deficiency cases: a five year study.

A total of 734 serum specimens from various clinical disorders along with 100 control samples from healthy subjects were processed for estimation of serum IgG, IgA and IgM employing single radial immunodiffusion procedure. Immunoglobulin deficiency, either selective or combined was noted in 31 males and 24 females in all age groups. Of the 55 cases encountered it was secondary immunoglobulin deficiency which was seen on a larger scale and encountered in patients with Multiple myeloma (16 out of 32) followed by Leprosy (14 out of 250), Lymphoma (5 out of 43), Malaria (4 out of 137), Burns (4 out of 52), Rheumatoid arthritis (2 out of 69) and non lymphoreticular malignancies (1 out of 41) in decreasing order of frequency. Primary immunoglobulin deficiency was observed in nine cases comprising of six belonging to Idiopathic late onset immunoglobulin deficiency, two of dysgammaglobulineamia and a solitary case of Ataxia telangiectasia. Panimmunoglobulin deficiency was observed in six cases, 11 had a dual deficiency while 38 showed deficiency of an isolated class with selective IgA deficiency in 20 cases. Furthermore, one patient each had total absence of IgG or IgA while IgM was not detectable in seven patients. A high suspicion index along with a regular rapport between the clinician and the laboratory personnel is necessary in the diagnostic set up of immunoglobulin deficiency states.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Immunochemical studies in multiple myeloma.

The study deals with a total of 72 patients with Plasma cell dyscrasias (PCD) selected on the basis of atypical plasmacytosis in the bone marrow aspirate and radiological evidence of osteolytic lesions. Males(48) outnumbered the females (24). Pathological fracture and paraplegia was the commonest presenting symptom encountered in 38 patients. Electrophoresis of serum for 'M' band and Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of the serum revealed IgG myeloma in 40 patients followed by, IgA myeloma(13), Light chain disease (12) and other variants in remaining seven cases. The urinary Bence Jones proteins were detected in a total of 34 cases and was frequently encountered with IgA myeloma (7 out of 13) compared with IgG myeloma (13 out of 40) when analysed in Disc electrophoresis. Kappa light chain was observed in 21 cases and lambda counterpart in nine cases without any clinical significance. One case of solitary myeloma terminated in characteristic multicentric multiple myelomatosis within a span of six months in the sequential follow up study. We recommend the triangular approach to diagnosis of paraproteinemia with a special emphasis on immunoelectrophoresis for typing multiple myeloma and allied disorders along with disc electrophoresis for the demonstration of urinary Bence Jones protein in the routine set up.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Isolation and culture of hamster ectoplacental cone trophoblasts: an in vitro study on the cell types and their growth pattern.

The method of isolation of trophoblast cell types from ectoplacental cone of hamster embryo of day 8 post coitum (plug day as day 1) and examination of their growth pattern in vitro is presented in this study. Based on their size, three types of trophoblast cells were identified. (1) the smaller cells having clear cytoplasm formed the major portion (70% to 80%) of the total cell population (2) moderately bigger cells having mono or binucleated appearance and containing minute granules in the nuclear region formed 5% to 10% and (3) extra large and multinucleated cells shared 10% to 20% of the total cell number. While the smaller and slightly bigger cells showed moderate growth the larger ones had extensive growth and were seen to acquire different shapes on extending the duration of culture, such as fusiform, dumb-bell, polygonal, rectangular or flowery. The extremities of the cytoplasmic growth of these cells were seen to be thickened at one end giving the impression of a pad-like structure. The significance of these adaptations are not known at present.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Sequential study of IgG antibody response in immunized rabbit and development of immunization protocol for raising monospecific antibody.

The present study was planned to develop an immunization protocol to decide the bleeding modalities for harvesting anti IgG antibody from the immunized rabbit. A fourteen dose immunization protocol (four primary and ten boosters) of the purified human IgG spread over the one calendar year was executed. The antibody titre estimated by Reverse Single Radial Immunodiffusion displayed a six-phased pattern. The titre following the initial immunization ranged between nil to 1.02, characteristic of the primary response while the titres after 7th and 8th boosters (phase V) ranged between 0.5 to 3.87 consistent with secondary response. Phase II, III, IV had moderately elevated titres. The antibody titre amongst the six phases reached to its peak generally by the 12th day after the last dose of protocol and it took about 60 days to reach to its basal level. Administration of antigen with the higher levels of residual antibody did not produce high titre antibody and is probably ascribed to elimination of antigen through an immunecomplex mechanism. Based on the data we recommend that 15 batches. (3 per phase, phase I to phase V) with a total yield of 100 to 120 ml of serum can be procured from one immunised animal over the span of one calendar year and that should make the programme cost effective.

Animals↗