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Biomedical subjects

S Parent

Publications and source records attributed to S Parent.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

The 'first to perish'. Child euthanasia in the Third Reich.

In an attempt to improve racial fitness, racial policy in the Third Reich targeted many groups, including physically and mentally handicapped children. An early program identified disabled children who were systematically selected and then transferred to various hospital centers where they were actively euthanatized. The program, directed by mainstream German physicians, was begun on the eve of war and was a harbinger of the evils to come. This article highlights the "scientific thought" that provided the rationale for this policy together with the details of implementation of the active euthanasia program and profiles one of the major participants, Werner Catel, DrMed, who was a distinguished pediatrician.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Correlates of attachment at school age: maternal reported stress, mother-child interaction, and behavior problems.

The contribution of attachment, maternal reported stress, and mother-child interaction to the prediction of teacher-reported behavior problems was examined for a French-Canadian sample of 121 school-age children. Attachment classifications were assigned on the basis of reunion behavior with mother when the children were between 5 and 7 years of age. Maternal reported stress and mother-child interaction patterns were assessed concurrent to the attachment measure, whereas behavior problems were evaluated both at ages 5 to 7 and 7 to 9 years. Security of attachment significantly predicted the likelihood of school-age behavior problems: Controlling/other children were most at risk for both externalizing and internalizing problems across both age periods. Younger ambivalent children presented clinical cut-off levels of externalizing problems, and older avoidant boys had higher internalizing scores. Patterns of maternal-reported stress and mother-child interaction differed across attachment groups and contributed to prediction of school-age behavior problems, partially mediating the relation between attachment and adaptation. Results support the importance of attachment in explaining school-age adaptation and validity of attachment coding for children of this age.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Adrenalectomy by posterior approach for benign adrenocortical tumors. Apropos of 12 cases].

The posterior extra-peritoneal route is usually preferred for exeresis of benign tumors of the adrenal glands measuring less than 5 cm. We examined the hospital reports for patients in which Young access was used since 1985. From December 1985 to December 1994, 12 patients underwent surgery for benign tumor of the adrenal gland. There were 9 women and 3 men (mean age 49.4 years, range 29-67). In all patients, the tumor was localized pre-operatively on a CT-scan. There was a unique tumor in each case. There were 11 adrenal adenomas including 10 Conn tumors and 1 secreting tumor (Cushing's syndrome). The last case was a cortical cyst. One patient died in the post-operative period, probably due to massive pulmonary embolism although necroscopic evidence was not obtained. Parietal infection occurred in one case and a spontaneously regressive hematoma in another. Mean duration of hospitalization was 7.0 days. At follow-up, 1 patient suffered deinnervation of the oblique muscles of the abdomen which did not require reoperation. Two months after surgery, clinical signs and hormone disorders related to the Conn adenomas had regressed in 7 of the 9 patients. In summary, the posterior route is perfectly adapted to the treatment of benign tumors of the adrenal glands when the exact localization can be identified on pre-operative imaging. This access should be considered as the reference route of evaluating laparoscopic procedures.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Mutation of tyrosine-141 inhibits insulin-promoted tyrosine phosphorylation and increased responsiveness of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor.

The ability of insulin to promote phosphorylation of the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor (beta 2AR) was assessed in Chinese hamster fibroblasts transfected with beta 2AR cDNA. Phosphotyrosine residues were detected in purified beta 2AR using a polyclonal anti-phosphotyrosine antibody and by phosphoamino acid analysis following metabolic labelling with inorganic 32P. Treatment of the cells with insulin induced a 2.4-fold increase in the phosphotyrosine content of the receptor. The insulin-promoted phosphorylation of the beta 2AR was accompanied by an increase in the beta-adrenergic-stimulated adenyl cyclase activity. Substitution of a phenylalanine residue for tyrosine-141 completely prevented both the increased tyrosine phosphorylation and the enhanced responsiveness of the beta 2AR promoted by insulin treatment. Mutation of three other tyrosines located in the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor, tyrosine-366, tyrosine-350 and tyrosine-354, did not abolish the insulin-promoted tyrosine phosphorylation. Taken together, these results suggest that insulin promotes phosphorylation of the beta 2AR on tyrosine-141 and that such phosphorylation leads to a supersensitization of the receptor.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

[Intestinal resection in the treatment of Crohn disease. Retrospective study of a series of 106 cases].

Crohn's disease needs medical and surgical management. Most patients are operated and surgical procedure the most often realised is intestinal resection. The authors report their experience of 106 intestinal resection performed between 01/01/1980 and 31/12/1992, in the "service de Chirurgie C" of the "CHU de Nancy" for patients operated for the first time for Crohn's disease. They were 54 men and 52 women with an average age of 31.7 years at operative time. The following clinical patterns were established: small intestine 36, colonic 10 and ileocolic 60 patients. The average length of evolution before surgery was 4.5 years. The main indication was intestinal obstruction in small intestine patterns (91%) and poor response to medical therapy in colonic patterns (30%). Usual surgical procedure was to remove all visibly diseased bowell with healthy margin of resection, as judged by gross examination, of 3 to 5 cm. Postoperative morbidity was low (17.9%) with 3 anastomotic leakages. Postoperative morbidity was 1.9% (2 patients). The average duration of follow-up was 4 years. Among the 106 patients operated for the first time for their Crohn's disease, 19 (18%) were operated again, at least one time, during the follow-up. The quality of life of operated patients is considered as good with only one patient very invalidated by a short small bowel syndrome. According to the data of their series and the literature, the authors conclude that in Crohn's disease, excisional surgery is able to improve patients clinical status account to a low morbidity and mortality, with a low risk of short small bowel syndrome as clinical course but it does not avoid recurrence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Actinomyces naeslundii, acute cholecystitis, and carcinoma of the gallbladder.

This report describes the first case of biliary actinomycosis associated with an adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. Actinomyces naeslundii was encountered as a pure isolate after a precise and careful identification. Although, in diagnosis, cancer and actinomycosis are often confused, the simultaneous occurrence of actinomycosis in cancer lesions can happen. This case illustrates the diagnostic challenge of actinomycosis.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1995

[Splenectomy under celioscopy].

Laparoscopic splenectomy has been extensively developed since its first description by Delaître in 1991. From May 1993 to July 1994, 12 patients underwent laparoscopic splenectomy in the "service de Chirurgie C" of the "CHU de Nancy". Six of them were successful. 6 women with a mean age of 27.7 years. The mean operating time was 2 h 30 min. For all cases, the indication was idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. No mortality and no morbidity was reported. One patient needed a blood transfusion. The postoperative stay ranged from 3 to 7 days. Splenectomy appears to be another procedure that may be successfully performed under laparoscopic guidance with satisfactory conditions of safety. The outcome evaluation should be continued in order to accurately define the real advantages and risks of this new technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Celioscopic treatment of acute obstructions caused by adhesions of the small intestine. Experience of 35 cases].

Postoperative adhesions are the primary cause of occlusion of the small bowel. We evaluated the feasibility and the immediate postoperative results of laparoscopic procedures for acute adhesions on the small bowel. Between September 1992 and March 1995, we performed laparoscopic procedures in 35 patients with acute occlusion of the small bowel. The preoperative work-up highly suggestive of adhesion. There were 17 males and 18 females, mean age 48.2 years. In 30 patients, the operation confirmed the preoperative diagnosis of occlusion by adhesions. Lysis was performed entirely via the laparoscopic route in 21 of the 30 patients (70%). Immediate postoperative complications were 3 bowel lesions. Intestinal mobility was re-established in 1.8 days after operation and the mean duration of hospitalization was 5 days for patients with laparoscopic procedure alone compared with 3.4 days for intestinal mobility and 10.4 days hospitalization for the 9 patients who were converted to laparotomy. An eventration of the trocar orifice occurred late in one patient and ischaemic stenosis of the bowel required laparotomy in another. There were no deaths. Laparoscopic treatment of adhesion occlusions is a feasible operation. Morbidity is low in experienced hands. The immediate benefit is rapid intestinal mobility and shorter hospital stay. The effect on long-term risk to be evaluated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

[Post-traumatic priapism in a 11 year-old child].

We report on the case of a post-traumatic priapism in an 11-year-old boy. The clinical features and pathophysiological data showed that it was a high flow form with normal venous outflow; such a condition is very uncommon in the literature. Surgery aimed to perform a spongiocavernosal shunt and allowed recovery.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What are the small bowel obstructions to operate and how to do it?

Small bowel obstruction is one of the main surgical emergencies. CT scan is today the best exam to detect occlusions requiring an urgent surgical procedure. It also specify the cause of the obstruction. Post-operative adhesions are the first etiology and justify 3.5%-5% of laparotomies in Western Countries. Recently, small bowel obstructions due to adhesions could be treated by a laparoscopic procedure. The authors report a series of 35 patients presenting an acute small bowel obstruction treated by laparoscopy. The laparoscopic procedure was successful in 70% of cases when occlusion was due to acute adhesions. Compared with open procedure, coelioscopy had an immediate benefit on intestinal mobility re-establishment and hospital stay. The morbidity was 4.5% with no mortality. CT has to be part of pre-operative check-up in front of a small bowel obstruction in order to propose a laparoscopic procedure when postoperative adhesions are suspected.

Adolescent↗