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Biomedical subjects

S Pollak

Publications and source records attributed to S Pollak.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Criminalistic aspects of iatrogenic air embolism (author's transl)].

With reference to 7 cases of iatrogenic air embolism examined by autopsies at the Vienna Institute of Forensic Medicine between 1968 and 1977, the most important causes of such complications are discussed. The wide-spread use of intensive therapeutic methods has led to the tendency that an increasing number of air embolic incidents happens during intravenous infusions. Four cases are reported: two of them occurred by incorrect handling of an automatic infusion pump; two further complications followed insertion or use of central venous catheters. Frequently outward circumstances refer to an air embolism even ante obductionem. In our cases the suspected diagnosis was based on the following signs: air filled venous catheters remaining on the body [3], striking manipulations on infusion apparatus [2], premortal X-ray film [1], typical clinical picture [1]. The analytical-chemical part deals with the infrared and mass spectroscopic investigation of adhesive residues. The traces, which were detected on the housing of an infusion pump, originated from an adhesive tape used to hold down a push button to turn off the warning device. Comparing the spectra of known adhesive tapes it was possible to adjoin the incriminated residues to the adhesive component of 'Normaplast'.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Morphology of injuries by "humane killer" (livestook stunner) (author's transl)].

1 short synopsis deals with the general features peculiar to injuries by captive bolt "humane killer" (specifically the types with two opposite outlets for the explosion gases). When the bolt strikes the body at an acute angle, both the wound and the adjacent skin usually show some particular signs: normally the entrance hole is accompanied by two roundish or elliptic zones of blackening due to the diverging smoke conduits. Variations in shape and location of the foulings indicate an oblique holding of the instrument and often even reveal the degree of inclination. Another characteristic is caused by the conically grooved end of the steel bolt: the asymmetric sickle-shaped broadening of the "abrasion collar" reliably points out the direction of fire. Sometimes the entrance hole in the skull is accompanied by semicircular frame-like fracture lines which mostly are situated on the same side as the unilateral abrasion. The cauistic part includes one homicide and eight suicides. Among the latter group one case deserves special attention because the man in question was capable of shooting a second time into his forehead. Three persons tried to ensure the fatal outcome by combining the "humane killer" - injury with concommitant hanging.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

[The ratio of the concentrations between the components of a two phase hypnotic in relation to the time of intoxication (author's transl)].

Two cases of poisoning with a double phase effect hypnotic were investigated in respect to the extent to which concentrations of short and medium acting barbiturates (hexobarbital, cyclobarbital) could be used for estimating the duration of poisoning. The analysis of brain turned out to be especially suitable. Increasing the duration of poisoning the ratio of the concentrations was shifted towards the longer acting component. Blood the liver seem to be less informative. The method might be used to estimate the interval between beginning of the poisoning and death in case of intoxication with different acting barbiturates.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

[The alcoholized pedestrian as victim of fatal traffic accidents (author's transl)].

The following results were obtained in an analysis of the road accidents which occurred in Vienna and its environs over the past ten years with a fatal outcome for the involved pedestrians: 39.3% of the pedestrains who died in an accident had a blood alcohol concentration of at least 0.8%, the average amounting to 2.15%. As many as 60.2% of the male victims were alcoholized, whereas only 7.6% of the women were alcoholized. The female victims were mostly elderly, 86% being older than 60 years, whereas many of the male victims were middle-aged. These middle-aged male pedestrians were frequently drunk; among the men aged between 40 and 49 the rate of alcoholization soared to 88%. The peak time of fatal traffic accidents involving alcoholized pedestrians lies in the hours before midnight. The number of pensioners among the sober victims is raised in comparison with the population rate, whilst an unexpectedly high percentage of unskilled workers found in the alcoholized group. In 7.6% of the alcoholized victime the autopsy revealed cirrhosis of the liver; 27.1% had fatty degeneration of the liver. Nearly as many female pedestrians met with a fatal road accident as males within the city boundaries. Accordingly, the percentage of alcoholized victims in the city (31.7%) is low compared with the rural areas, where about 60% of the victims had a blood alcohol concentration of at least 0.8%.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interleukin-1 secretion by blood monocytes of septic premature infants.

This study examined lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced in vitro secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1) by peripheral blood monocytes from pre-term infants with and without sepsis. Thirteen pre-term babies were tested; eight were completely healthy and five suffered from six episodes of sepsis. The latter group was tested both in the acute septic phase and in the convalescent period. IL-1 secretion by monocytes derived from septic pre-term infants was lower, but not significantly different from healthy pre-term infants (7.1 +/- 1.0 U/ml versus 8.1 +/- 0.9 U/ml, respectively). IL-1 secretion by monocytes of eight control full-term babies was in the same range (8.4 +/- 0.6 U/ml). In the convalescent period IL-1 secretion by monocytes from septic pre-term babies increased (9.0 +/- 0.3 U/ml) and was significantly higher than values measured during acute infection (p less than 0.05). Septic premature babies were also found to have higher absolute blood neutrophil concentration (p less than 0.001), but their body temperature did not increase along the infectious stage. The decreased secretion of IL-1 by monocytes from pre-term babies in the acute phase of infection compared to the convalescent period may have contributed to their inability to mount appropriate immunological as well as inflammatory responses. Sepsis promoting IL-1 production in vivo may have limited the monocytes' capacity for LPS stimulated IL-1 synthesis in vitro.

Acute Disease↗