Two further cases of Sener syndrome: frontonasal dysplasia and dilated Virchow-Robin spaces.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Precious.
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Light surgical anaesthesia lasting 12-15 min was produced by metomidate at 50 mg/kg and by etomidate at 30 mg/kg after intraperitoneal injection. Full surgical anaesthesia lasting about 160 min was achieved after subcutaneous injection of a metomidate-fentanyl mixture (60 mg/kg: 0.06 mg/kg) and this proved superior to etomidate-fentanyl given subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. It was concluded that metomidate-fentanyl is superior to pentobarbitone and tribromoethanol as an injectable anaesthetic for mice.
Ketamine alone or supplemented by diazepam or xylazine has been used and evaluated as an anaesthetic in a range of animals including snakes, tortoises, lizards, birds, ferrets, dogs, cats, pigs, sheep, goats, non-human primates, rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, mice and hamsters. Ketamine alone has severe limitations in most species, but in combination has proved valuable.
A short period of daily treatment with cyclosporin A (25 mg/kg orally or 18 mg/kg by intramuscular injection) induced specific tolerance lasting more than 12 months in 60% of nephrectomised rabbits allografted with one kidney. Tolerant rabbits accepted second kidney and skin allografts from the original donor even though all immunosuppressive therapy had been withdrawn at least 70 days earlier, while third party allografts were rejected normally. These results strongly support the hypothesis that cyclosporin A induces operational tolerance to antigens in a donor-specific, not tissue-specific fashion.
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The anaesthetic steroid combination alphaxolone-alphadolone is a well-established short-acting injectable agent for cats and primates. It can be recommended for intravenous administration to rats, rabbits, neonatal pigs, mice and hamsters. It has limited value in mice and hamsters by the intraperitoneal route, but provides sedation in ferrets and neonatal pigs when injected intramuscularly. It can be given repeatedly or continuously to maintain anaesthesia for long periods without the development of tolerance or cumulation.