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S Pulver

Publications and source records attributed to S Pulver.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

The Penn Psychoanalytic Treatment Collection: a set of complete and recorded psychoanalyses as a research resource.

From a set of seventeen complete and tape-recorded psychoanalyses, a sample of findings is presented: (a) the level of agreement of two clinical judges on the psychological health of these patients is adequate for the late sessions, but not for the early sessions; (b) the amount of change during psychoanalysis appears to be similar to that in the Menninger Foundation Psychotherapy Research Project; (c) psychiatric severity measures from the early sessions can yield a significant level of prediction of the later benefits from psychoanalysis. Finally, further research uses of this collection of psychoanalyses are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The ototoxicity of 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile: functional and morphological evidence of cochlear damage.

Previous reports have suggested that IDPN may be ototoxic (Wolff et al., 1977; Crofton and Knight, 1991). The purpose of this research was to investigate the ototoxicity of IDPN using behavioral, physiological and morphological approaches. Three groups of adult rats were exposed to IDPN (0-400 mg/kg/day) for three consecutive days. In the first group, at 9-10 weeks post-exposure, thresholds for hearing of 5.3- and 38-kHz filtered clicks were measured electrophysiologically and brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) were also recorded to a suprathreshold broadband click stimulus. A second set of animals was tested at 9 weeks for behavioral hearing thresholds (0.5- to 40-kHz tones) and at 11-12 weeks post-exposure for BAER thresholds (5- to 80-kHz filtered clicks). A third group of animals was exposed (as above), and killed at 12-14 weeks post-exposure for histological assessment. Kanamycin sulfate was used as a positive control for high-frequency selective hearing loss. Surface preparations of the organ of Corti were prepared in order to assess hair cells, and mid-modiolar sections of the cochlea were used to examine Rosenthal's canal and the stria vascularis. Functional data demonstrate a broad-spectrum hearing loss ranging from 0.5 kHz (30 dB deficit) to 80 kHz (40 dB deficit), as compared to a hearing deficit in kanamycin-exposed animals that was only apparent at frequencies greater than 5 kHz. Surface preparations revealed IDPN-induced hair cell loss in all turns of the organ of Corti, with a basal-to-apical gradient (more damage in the basal turns) at the lower dosages. At higher dosages there was complete destruction of the organ of Corti. There was also a dosage-related loss of spiral ganglion cells in all turns of the cochlea, again with a basal-to-apical gradient at the lower dosages. These data demonstrate that IDPN exposure in the rat results in extensive hearing loss and loss of neural structures in the cochlea.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1993

Use of poly-l-aspartic acid to inhibit aminoglycoside cochlear ototoxicity.

Gentamicin is an extremely effective antibiotic against a wide variety of organisms. However, its use is limited by its nephrotoxic and ototoxic effects. Recent studies in rats have shown that poly-l-aspartic acid (PAA) effectively blocks the nephrotoxic effects of the aminoglycosides and does not decrease the antibiotic effectiveness of gentamicin against those organisms tested. A controlled test was undertaken to evaluate the effect of PAA on cochlear ototoxicity. Test solutions were administered to four groups of guinea pigs for 10 days. Group 1, the controls, received distilled water, group 2 received gentamicin, group 3 received PAA, and group 4 received gentamicin plus PAA. Auditory brainstem response thresholds at 20, 16, 8, and 4 kHz were obtained before therapy, after completion of the 10-day course, and 21 days following the completion of therapy. Two-dimensional diffusion assays in human serum were performed to evaluate the effect of PAA on the antimicrobial activity. Histologic evaluation of the cochleae was performed at the conclusion of the experiment. Threshold shifts following 10 days of therapy were not statistically significant in group 4 compared to controls, while the gentamicin group (group 2) was significantly different for all frequencies tested. At 21 days following therapy, group 4 (PAA + gentamicin) maintained significance in the higher frequencies studied. Antimicrobial studies demonstrated that PAA has no effect on the antimicrobial activity of gentamicin and has no antimicrobial effect against Bacillus subtilis when used alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Glyoxylic acid in the study of autonomic innervation in the gerbil cochlea.

The autonomic innervation of the inner ear has been investigated earlier, yet questions concerning the origin, function, extent, and distribution of sympathetic nerves in the cochlea still remain unanswered. This study investigates the extent and distribution of adrenergic nerves in the cochlea. Our procedure combines the glyoxylic acid method of catecholamine fluorophore identification with rapid dissection, decalcification, and whole-mount slide preparation techniques to topographically trace the adrenergic innervation of the cochlear infrastructure. We have demonstrated that perivascular adrenergic innervation extends beyond the immediate branches of the modiolar artery and reaches into radiating arterioles. These findings also suggest the possibility of segmental regulation of cochlear blood flow.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1981

Units of observation and perspectives on the psychoanalytic process.

Over the past quarter century, brief segments of tape-recorded psychotherapy have become the most widely employed unit for the empirical investigation of the psychotherapeutic process. Our aim was to see how judgements based upon brief segments of tape-recorded psychoanalysis corresponded with judgements based upon the hours from which they were taken. Seven experienced psychoanalysts independently made clinical and quantitative judgements about 29 treatment-related variables on 24 five-minute segments excerpted from psychoanalytic sessions and on the 12 whole sessions from which they were taken. It was found that judgements about the major dimensions of the therapeutic relationship, i.e. transference, based upon segments did not correlate with judgements based upon entire sessions. Judgements based upon segments were less reliable and tended to isolate one participant from another. Judgements based upon sessions were more reliable and captured the basic dimensions of the treatment process, particularly as related to the transference and therapeutic relationship. These findings confirm the results of the only other reported study (Mintz & Luborsky, 1971) in which such comparisons were made and suggest that brief segments cannot be naïvely substituted for entire sessions for the study of the psychotherapeutic process.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Preconditions and consequences of transference interpretations. A clinical-quantitative investigation.

Our aim was to study the preconditions and consequences of transference interpretations by both quantitative and clinical methods. We selected the three specimen psychoanalytic treatments which had been studied most by clinical-quantitative research. For each patient the main data consisted of 16 interpretation contexts. The context of each interpretation included 250 patient words before and 250 patient words after the interpretation. Three judges independently rated these before and after segments for each of the 16 samples from each of the three patients. Judges tended to agree highly in rating these segments on nine variables. The before vs. after ratings showed that each patient had a different but individually typical response to the 16 interpretations, ranging from patient A who usually showed a negative response, to patient B who showed some positive response, to patient C who showed a very positive response. For each of these three patients there was a clear parallel between the positivity of the immediate response to interpretations and the outcome of treatment. Even though we have so far studied only three patients, the consistency of the results suggests that it would be worth testing in a larger group whether a sample of immediate responses to interpretations might predict the eventual outcome of the treatment. Patient factors seem central in explaining the bases for the different response of each of the three patients to transference interpretations. The Health-Sickness Rating Scale ratings showed that patient A and patient B were less healthy initially than patient C--healthier patients may be able to respond better to transference interpretations. Also, the analyses of the segments before the interpretation revealed that even before the interpretation there were differences in the three patients. These were consistent with their differing responses to interpretation; for example, patient A was rated as having less understanding than the other patients even before the interpretations. Another patient factor, the patient's readiness to experience a helping relationship, probably was significant also in explaining the differing response of the three patients to interpretations; they already differed in this experience by the third to fifth sessions, and these differences paralleled their response to interpretation.

Adult↗