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Biomedical subjects

S R Duff

Publications and source records attributed to S R Duff.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Ectopic pulmonary cartilage and bone in domestic fowl.

The occurrence and histological appearance of ectopic pulmonary cartilage and bone in domestic fowl was investigated. Its incidence was shown to vary in different strains of birds. The structures may occur in newly hatched chicks and are similarly present in birds maintained on diets containing bonemeal and diets without it. They could not be experimentally induced by bronchial insufflation of fine bone particles. Previous theories of their genesis are discussed and it is concluded that they do not originate from either inhaled dietary bonemeal or disease processes but are probably abnormal embryonic induction of mesenchyme or cartilaginous germ cells displaced from adjacent bronchi.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Patterns of physiological bone torsion in the pelvic appendicular skeletons of domestic fowl.

Femoral, tibiotarsal and tarsometatarsal torsion was measured in 264 domestic fowls. Birds were either a laying strain fed ad libitum, or a broiler strain fed ad libitum or a broiler strain on restricted feed. They were killed at different times up to 24 weeks of age. Femora were normally rotated externally when the transverse axis of the distal articular surface was compared with that of the proximal joint surface. Tibiotarsi were similarly rotated externally but the high incidence of internal torsion in broilers fed ad libitum suggests that internal rotation is pathological. Tarsometatarsi were normally rotated internally. Mild degrees of intertarsal valgus angulation are physiological but asymmetrical angulation and torsion between each limb of individual birds suggests that a pattern of limb dominance occurs in domestic poultry.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Abnormal angulation/torsion of the pelvic appendicular skeleton in broiler fowl: morphological and radiological findings.

Seventy broilers, culled because of angular or torsional limb deformities, were studied. Findings supported the concept that a pattern of limb dominance occurs in broilers with the right pelvic limb being more likely to show severe deformity. Estimates of bone torsion revealed that angular and torsional deformities can occur independently and that the whole limb should be examined. The term 'twisted leg', which is commonly used to describe limb deformities in broilers, is considered descriptively inadequate. Abnormal diaphyseal curvature was frequently identified and in most cases there was evidence of physeal osteochondrosis. It is suggested that the diaphyseal cortical hypertrophy seen in such bones is adaptive.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

The histopathology of degenerative hip disease in male breeding turkeys.

Age-related degenerative changes are present in the antitrochanteric cartilage of male turkeys at 1 year of age. More severe change involved areas of matrix necrosis and fissures which were even detected in antitrochanters which appeared superficially normal. Superficial matrix necrosis produced cartilage surface changes which were observed in fresh specimens before histological preparation. Degenerative hip disease with stages of cartilage flap formation and osteoarthrosis showed a pronounced matrix necrosis of both hyaline and fibrecartilage. Matrix failure may represent a response to excessive forces which the intercellular collagen cannot withstand. In male turkeys, excessive loading could provide repetitive trauma of a magnitude which produces irreparable joint damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The morphology of degenerative hip disease in male breeding turkeys.

A form of degenerative joint disease in male breeding turkeys has been studied. Initial lesions occurred in the antitrochanteric region of the acetabulum. A surface cleft appeared in antitrochanteric cartilage and free cartilage bodies were subsequently released into the joint cavity. Secondary osteoarthrosis developed, involving both the femoral and acetabular components of the coxofemoral joint. Lesions of the antitrochanter were graded according to their severity and provide a pathological sequence. Of 59 male breeding turkeys examined at approximately one year of age, antitrochanteric lesions were present in all but 5 of them. The disease was not seen in 20 females of comparable age.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Osteochondrosis dissecans in turkeys.

The lesions in 3 turkeys with articular cartilage flap formation and associated osteoarthrosis are described. Since cartilage flap formation was accompanied by a disturbance in endochondral ossification, the diagnosis of osteochondrosis dissecans could be made. The site of lesions in 2 of the cases demonstrated that an adjacent ossific nucleus is not a necessary prerequisite for animal osteochondrosis dissecans. In addition, the site of the lesion in these 2 cases support the suggestion that the junctions of contact and non-contact areas of an articular surface are predisposed to pathological change.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Dyschondroplasia of the caput femoris in skeletally immature broilers.

A morphological, radiological and pathological study of avian capital femoral dyschondroplasia was conducted. At post mortem examination a widened and, or, shortened femoral neck was an indication that dyschondroplasia of the caput femoris may have been present. Metaphyseal defects of varying severity were readily detected in radiographs and on sectioning the proximal femur. Increased growth plate thickness was due to abnormally thick transitional and, in some cases, proliferating/maturing zones. In a proportion of cases eosinophilic scars and vascular canal occlusion occurred with adjacent matrix changes. Findings support the concept that patent growth plate vascular canals are a prerequisite for normal chondrocyte hypertrophy.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Capital femoral epiphyseal infarction in skeletally immature broilers.

Varying degrees of capital femoral epiphyseal infarction have been identified in broiler chickens. The extent of vascular occlusion was more extensive than observed in capital femoral dyschondroplasia and growth plate cartilage retention was not a constant finding. Epiphyseal vascular occlusion resulted in growth plate cartilage necrosis. It is suggested that proliferating chondrocyte death and matrix disruption would predispose to epiphyseolysis. Similarities between avian capital femoral epiphyseal infarction and Legg-Calve-Perthes disease have been noted.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Consequences of capital femoral dyschondroplasia in young adult and skeletally mature broilers.

Radiographs revealed defective endochondral ossification in proximal femora of 52 lame broilers. Cartilage retention either involved epiphyseal cartilage close to the articular surface or growth plate cartilage (dyschondroplasia). In at least seven birds proximal femoral lesions were the only abnormalities detected which could have caused lameness. In cases of moderate or severe cartilage retention, fracture lines traversed necrotic cartilage to undermine part or all of the femoral head. Evidence of reparative fibrosis was seen with augmentation of metaphyseal trabeculae by woven bone apposition. Foveal blood vessels aided repair by re-establishing a new ossification centre but in many cases attempts at repair were inadequate.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Hip luxation in small animals: an evaluation of some methods of treatment.

The results of closed manipulative reduction and De Vita pinning in the treatment of small animal hip luxations have been analysed. Closed reduction is worth attempting as an initial form of treatment even in chronic luxations, but successful relocation may require more than one manipulative reduction. Inadequate placement of De Vita pins or their early migration predisposes to reluxation. Hip luxations are prone to reluxation during the eight weeks following reduction.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Osteochondritis dissecans and fragmentation of the coronoid process in the elbow joint of the dog.

Of 26 dogs with elbow osteochondrosis, 11 had osteochondritis dissecans of the medial humeral condyle, seven had fragmentation of the coronoid process of the ulna and eight had both these lesions. Sixteen cases had bilateral involvement. The labrador and retriever breeds were most often affected and the male sex predominated. The clinical features included a foreleg lameness in a young immature dog with pain localised to the elbow joint. The most consistent radiological feature was the presence of osteophyte development especially on the dorsal aspect of the anconeal process, caused by secondary osteoarthritis. The authors are not certain that surgical treatment of elbow osteochondrosis is justified; more extended long-term studies are necessary before surgical and conservative therapeutic regimens can be fully evaluated.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Small animal husbandry: what should be taught?

As far as the small animals are concerned, animal husbandry refers to animal welfare and management. There are five main areas of undergraduate instruction in this subject--normal animal behaviour, nutritional requirements, restraint, housing and management in disease. University education, vacational studies and personal experience all provide important sources of knowledge. Most university instruction in small animal welfare and management is provided in the clinical courses where extensive care material can be utilised in practical teaching. Integration of the animal husbandry and clinical courses is to be encouraged.

Animal Husbandry↗