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Biomedical subjects

S R Hawks

Publications and source records attributed to S R Hawks.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

A comparison of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors among Filipino and American college students.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of eating disordered attitudes and behaviors among college students in the United States and the Philippines. DESIGN: A convenience-based cross-sectional survey. SETTING: General education classes in one college in Manila and another in the Western US. PARTICIPANTS: 340 college students. INTERVENTIONS: A paper-pencil survey was given to the students in the classroom consisting of Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and demographic variables. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Eating disordered attitudes and behaviors (scoring 20 or more on EAT-26) was the dependent variable, while gender and country of residence were the two main independent variables. ANALYSIS: Frequency distributions, chi-squares, and logistic regression analysis were employed to summarize and analyze the data. RESULTS: Filipino students were 10.9 times (p-value <0.0001) more likely to have eating disordered attitudes and behaviors than their American counterparts controlling for the demographics collected. This relationship remained significant when regression models were done for each gender separately. In addition, married students and more specifically married female students were more likely to have eating disordered attitudes and behaviors than single students or single females. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Arguments are made as to why higher levels of eating disordered attitudes and behaviors are observed among Filipino college students. These results provide important information about the levels of eating disordered attitudes and behaviors in the Philippines and may be useful for developing future education programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Weight loss management: a path lit darkly.

This article reviews recent research on the prevalence and virulence of obesity as a causal risk factor for mortality and morbidity. The prevailing assumption that obesity, by itself, is a chronic disease or a primary risk factor for health is challenged. A historical perspective is used to analyze the efficacy of various medical and educational approaches that have attempted to alter body size in the pursuit of enhanced physical health. The motivational discrepancies between society's media-induced desire for thinness and the health field's risk reduction approach to weight loss are outlined. Finally, ethical issues are raised in relation to current weight control measures, implications for future educational efforts are discussed, and potential guidelines for future weight management programs are presented.

Diet, Fat-Restricted↗
PubMed1998

Weight loss education: the challenge of a new paradigm.

Health educators and others typically rely on three weight loss strategies to combat obesity. These include (1) medical intervention, (2) caloric restriction, and (3) fat gram restriction. The empirical evidence for these approaches in producing long-term weight loss is weak. However, much media attention has been given to a weight loss paradigm that seemingly does not fall into the aforementioned categories, which has been called the intuitive eating paradigm. Currently there is no empirical evidence to validate this paradigm. The focus of this article is to present an overview of this weight loss paradigm, discuss its potential benefits for health education in relation to current weight loss paradigms, and critically evaluate it in terms of the usefulness and ethical appropriateness for health education.

Diet, Reducing↗
PubMed1992

An educational test of health behavior models in relation to emergency helping.

This study used a true experimental design to evaluate the quality and occurrence of emergency helping behavior among university first-aid students in response to a supplemental educational unit designed to improve bystander helping. The educational unit addressed the inhibitors of emergency helping behavior within the framework of bystander behavior models and was delivered using several behavior modification strategies. Using chi-square analysis, it was found that the 43 treatment students exposed to the supplemental unit responded appropriately to a simulated emergency more often than 41 similar control students not exposed to the unit (32.6% vs. 7.3%, p = .004) and that the effect was confined primarily to women (p = .001). Future emergency care education incorporating similar theory-based educational strategies might improve trained bystander responsiveness and thus enhance the efficiency of prehospital care. Theoretical and future research implications are discussed.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1992

Rural dilemmas.

Problems unique to rural EMS tend to be overlooked and often remain unresolved. What will it take to remedy the situation?

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1991

Rural ALS?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Electric Countershock↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Review of spiritual health: definition, role, and intervention strategies in health promotion.

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW. Recognition of the spiritual dimension as a vital component of human wellness has led to an increased interest in spirituality education, yet very little progress has been made in identifying possible intervention methods for enhancing spirituality. The purpose of this article is to review current definitions of spiritual health; provide an overview of several successful intervention methods that may enhance spiritual health; and outline potential relationships between spiritual health interventions and behavioral, emotional, and physical health outcomes. SEARCH METHOD USED. Research and review articles were identified through a CD-ROM computer search of ERIC (1966 to 1994), PSYCHLIT (1974 to 1994), and MEDLINE (1991 to 1994) databases using appropriate key words. Cumulative indexes from Advances (1984 to 1993) were manually searched, and reference lists from identified studies and literature reviews were analyzed. A total of 71 articles were identified and considered. Model interventions were chosen for presentation on the basis of soundness of research design, peer-review publication, clear description of intervention method, and relationship to spiritual health components. SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT FINDINGS. Imagery, meditation, and group support activities may address various components of spiritual health such as meaning and purpose in life; self-awareness; and connectedness with self, others, and a larger reality. In turn, positive changes in health behaviors such as communication, diet activity, and treatment compliance were noted, and a variety of beneficial physical and emotional health outcomes such as heart disease reversal, decreased cancer mortality, reduced anxiety, and improved mood states were reported. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS. Health educators are in a position to develop, implement, and evaluate spiritual health interventions within the context of comprehensive programs. There is a need for training in the theoretical and methodologic foundations of interventions like meditation, imagery, and group support and a need for more evaluation research in the impact of such interventions.

Complementary Therapies↗