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Biomedical subjects

S R Hooper

Publications and source records attributed to S R Hooper.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Neurodevelopmental study of writing disorders in middle childhood.

This study investigated patterns of neurodevelopmental dysfunction in children with writing disorders (WD). Records of children, ages 9 to 15 years, referred to a school problems clinic were examined. Using teacher questionnaire information, including ratings of writing legibility, mechanics, rate, linguistic sophistication, and spelling, 99 cases of WD were found. Sixty-three children without WD served as clinic controls. A cluster analysis revealed four discrete subtypes of WD and two non-WD control clusters. The four WD clusters were found to have different patterns of writing and reading characteristics. Neurodevelopmental tests discriminated among the clusters (F = 2.8, p less than .0001), and an examination of neurodevelopmental performance characteristics among the clusters showed different patterns of strengths and weaknesses. An empirically derived subtyping of WD is proposed: WD with fine motor and linguistic deficits, WD with visual-spatial deficits, WD with attention and memory deficits, and WD with sequencing deficits. This subtyping, if confirmed in a population study, may have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

Achievement↗
PubMed1990

Determinants of academic achievement in children with psychiatric disorders.

Academic achievement within a child psychiatric sample was examined as a function of six variables: IQ, socioeconomic status, age, sex, neuropsychological status, and the severity of behavioral disturbance. As expected, the results revealed a different pattern of predictors than what is generally the case of normal school-aged children. The results underscored the importance of neuropsychological factors, more than IQ and demographic variables, in understanding the academic deficits often seen in children with significant mental and emotional disturbance.

Achievement↗
PubMed1990

Frontal lobe functioning in conduct disordered juveniles: preliminary findings.

This investigation assessed the hypothesis that conduct disordered juveniles may suffer from a maturational lag in the development of behaviors believed associated with the frontal cortex. Twenty conduct disorder (CD) juveniles and 20 normal comparison subjects were compared on nine Lurian tasks that measure behavior attributed to frontal lobe functioning. A three-way ANOVA, with gender, race, and group as factors of interest, revealed significant differences on the verbal conflict task, verbal retroactive inhibition task, and on a measure of receptive vocabulary. Using receptive vocabulary as a covariate, an ANCOVA showed no significant differences between the groups on any of the tasks. These findings appear to support the potential impact that language dysfunction can have in the development of disinhibitory behavior. Other interpretations of the findings are presented.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Behavioral manifestations of neuropsychological impairment in children with psychiatric disorders.

The behavioral manifestations of neuropsychological impairment were examined in a sample of hospitalized boys with psychiatric disorders. The presence of neuropsychological deficits was found to be associated with more extensive behavior problems regardless of factors such as IQ, socioeconomic status, and whether there was a documented history of brain injury. However, the relationship applied specifically to younger as opposed to older subjects, and mainly involved internalizing rather than externalizing behavior problems. The results are taken to suggest that the behavioral manifestations of neuropsychological impairment may change with development.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Psychometric validity of proration and Digit Span substitution for estimating WISC--R verbal and Full Scale IQs.

This study investigated the merits of substituting the Digit Span subtest for an invalid Verbal Scale subtest versus a proration method in calculating WISC--R Verbal and Full Scale IQ. Subjects were 93 child and adolescent psychiatric patients (67 boys and 26 girls) who ranged in age from 8 to 16 yr. Analysis indicated that the use of Digit Span as a substitute for the regularly administered Verbal subtests was inferior to the use of the comparable proration method. Although relatively few cases of misclassification occurred for either method in relation to Full Scale IQ, the rate of Verbal IQ misclassification by the Digit Span substitution method was significantly greater than with use of its proration. When faced with a choice, clinicians should attach greater validity to prorated estimates of a child's WISC--R Verbal IQ.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1986

Cross-validation of a psychometric system for screening neuropsychological abnormality in older children.

The Discriminant Equation (DE) represents a recently developed system for screening neuropsychological abnormality in older children. The DE was subjected to cross-validation on a sample of 82 child and adolescent psychiatric patients referred for a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. An overall hit rate of 79.3% correct classification was found which supported the validity of the DE in predicting neuropsychological impairment. The findings are discussed in relation to population characteristics and the nature of the criterion to be predicted as they may affect the application of neuropsychological screening procedures.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

The Common Belief Inventory for Students: a measure of rationality in children.

The Common Belief Inventory for Students (CBIS) was developed to create a measure of rationality in children. The CBIS was formulated within Ellis's conceptual framework of Rational Behavior Training. It was constructed to yield a total score as well as a score for each of Ellis's 11 irrational ideas. A pretest/post-test design was employed over experimental and control groups (n = 1,226), Subjects in the experimental group were exposed to one hour of Rational Behavior Training each week for six weeks. Results indicated that the items were reliable indicators of the total test score and the belief scores. Belief components were reliable indicators of the total test score. Total test reliability estimates were adequate. The CBIS also appeared sensitive to the use of RBT methods to enhance rational thinking.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Very-low-birthweight infants at seven years: an assessment of the health and neurodevelopmental risk conveyed by chronic lung disease.

To determine whether history of chronic lung disease (CLD) in children born at very low birthweight (VLBW) confers additional risk for impaired health, growth, and neurodevelopment, 17 VLBW children born in 1984 who had CLD (requiring supplemental oxygen more than 30 days after birth) in infancy and 28 VLBW children who did not have CLD were assessed at age 7 years. Assessments included a medical history, standard physical and neurological examinations, pulmonary-function tests, and tests of neuropsychological and psychoeducational functioning. Health status did not differ between the groups. In contrast, children with CLD did not perform as well in neuropsychological and psychoeducational assessments. Although CLD confers little added risk to health, it seems to add significantly to risks for poor school performance that are known to be associated with very low birthweight.

Achievement↗