PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S R Leeder

Publications and source records attributed to S R Leeder.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Ischemic heart disease in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia, 1979-1985.

In Australia, mortality rates from ischemic heart disease have declined by more than 40 per cent in the last 20 years. To investigate the reasons for this trend, detailed studies are being conducted in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, an area with high heart disease rates. Data on death rates and attack rates from 1979 to 1984-1985 were obtained from three sources: national mortality records, local hospital statistics, and heart disease registers conducted in 1979 and 1984-1985 using World Health Organization protocols. Age-standardized death rates from ischemic heart disease, hospitalization rates for acute myocardial infarction, and attack rates from myocardial infarction determined from the disease registers all showed declines of approximately 3-4 per cent per year from 1979 to 1985. The results differ from findings in New Zealand, where the decrease in ischemic heart disease mortality has been attributed to fewer sudden deaths. These discrepancies demonstrate the need for carefully standardized studies to gain insight into evolving patterns of heart disease in different populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Coronary events in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia: 1984-1986.

The results of coronary event registration using the protocol of the World Health Organization MONICA Project are reported for two years for the Hunter Region, the area in and around Newcastle in New South Wales, Australia. The Newcastle MONICA Project monitors all suspected cases of heart attack by identifying patients from hospital admissions and obtaining information while they are still in hospital. For people who die out of hospital, the initial source of information is usually the death certificate. Rates for the most robust MONICA diagnostic categories, non-fatal definite myocardial infarction and all coronary deaths, differed for the two years reported here. Monthly rates suggested possible seasonal effects, and the possible influence of lower respiratory infections including an epidemic of influenza A. The results demonstrate that consistent monitoring over several years will be necessary to establish clear trends in coronary heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Patterns of respiratory illness in the first year of life.

This paper describes a study of respiratory illness during the first year of life in a cohort of infants who were born between 1975 and 1978 to mothers who were registered with two inner London group general practices. The types of respiratory illness and their relation to the season of the year and season of birth of the child are examined. The relations among the frequency and type of respiratory illness and several social and family factors that have previously been shown to be associated with high levels of respiratory morbidity are also described.

Family↗
PubMed1986

Hypertension and the risk of ischaemic heart disease.

The magnitude of the effect of hypertension as a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was estimated in 250 patients who presented with a first AMI who were aged 35-64 years (199 survivals and 51 deaths within 24 h), whose names were obtained from a community-based register of myocardial infarctions in the Hunter Region of New South Wales. The cases were matched by sex, age and residential area, and control subjects were obtained from a random population sample from the same region. A history of hypertension (odds ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence limits, 3.4 and 8.9) and treatment for hypertension (odds ratio, 4.2; 95% confidence limits, 2.5 and 7.2) were each significantly (P less than 0.0001) associated with an increased risk of AMI--persons with treated or untreated hypertension were four to five times more likely to develop AMI than were persons without hypertension. Adjustment for smoking did not affect the association between hypertension and the incidence of AMI. Cigarette smoking appears to have had less influence on the incidence of AMI (odds ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence limits, 1.1 and 2.4; P less than 0.01) than did a history of hypertension. Twenty-four per cent of the first AMIs that occurred in the study population were attributable to hypertension (after adjustment for smoking) and twenty-seven per cent were attributable to smoking (after adjustment for hypertension).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Risk factors and heart disease mortality. A regional perspective.

The mortality rates from ischaemic heart disease in the Hunter Region of New South Wales are among the highest in Australia. Within the Region substantial differences occur in death rates from heart disease among the five urban local government areas, the highest being in the coal-mining district of Cessnock and the lowest in the resort and dormitory area of Port Stephens. A recent survey in the Region of risk factors for heart disease has revealed prevalence patterns for high blood pressure, serum cholesterol levels, smoking and overweight and obesity which largely parallel the pattern of heart disease mortality. This suggests that changes in life-style in the communities could reduce the intraregional differences in mortality. In addition, the widespread prevalence of an unhealthy diet and a lack of exercise may explain the Region's high death rates from heart disease and suggests that mortality could be reduced by effective preventive measures.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children: the relationship between asthma and skin reactivity to allergens in two communities.

A coastal population mainly reactive to house dust mite was compared with an inland population mainly reactive to other allergens to investigate whether exposure to house dust mite plays a part in initiating childhood asthma. Respiratory symptoms, asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, hay fever and atopy were all more common in the dry inland area than in the humid coastal area. In both areas 38% of children were atopic. Coastal children had more skin reactivity to house dust mites and inland children were more reactive to grass pollen extracts. The findings suggest that the clinical presentation of asthma may be related more to the total burden of aeroallergens than to exposure to a particular allergen.

Allergens↗