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S R Parkinson

Publications and source records attributed to S R Parkinson.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Working memory and aphasia.

This study investigated the relationship between working memory capacity and reading comprehension in aphasia. A measurement of working memory capacity was obtained using a modified version of Daneman and Carpenter's (1980) Reading Span Task. Sets of sentences ranging in length from one to six words were presented to 22 aphasic subjects who were required to retain the terminal words following each sentence for subsequent recognition. The maximum number of words retrieved was used as an index of working memory capacity. Two versions of the task (listening and reading) were presented depending on the subjects' ability to read. Strong positive correlations were found between working memory capacity, reading comprehension, and language function. These results support the notion that the ability of aphasic individuals to comprehend language is predictable from their working memory capacities.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Depression, elaboration, and mood congruence: differences between natural and induced mood.

The results of two experiments examining the effects of depressed mood on recall of target words and recall of descriptor words are reported. Descriptors were either negatively valenced or neutral and were not related semantically to target adjectives. There was no overall difference in the recall of targets by naturally depressed and nondepressed subjects. There was a mood x descriptor interaction on target recall, and depressed subjects recalled more negative descriptors than did nondepressed subjects. In contrast, when a depressed mood was induced through a Velten Mood Induction Procedure, induced-depressed subjects recalled fewer target words than did nondepressed subjects, and there was no differential recall of descriptor words by induced-depressed and nondepressed subjects. The results of these experiments indicate clear differences in the recall patterns of naturally depressed and induced-depressed subjects in a single cognitive task.

Affect↗
PubMed1983

Differences in Brown-Peterson recall as function of age and retention interval.

Retention of old (n = 27; M age = 72.4 years) and young (n = 46; age = 20.5 years) adults was compared in a Brown-Peterson task. Participants were instructed to recall letters after either reading digit pairs or summing each pair of digits and reporting the sum as old or even. Old adults recalled a substantially smaller proportion of letters correctly than did the young adults, and the magnitude of the difference between groups was related positively to the length of the retention interval. The main effect of age and the age by retention interval interaction were significant with both serial and free recall scoring criteria. In a multiple regression analysis with letter span, age and interpolated task regressed on Brown-Peterson recall, letter span, and interpolated task accounted for most of the variance in performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Aging, dichotic memory and digit span.

Comparisons were made between groups of old and young subjects in a dichotic task. In the first experiment old and young subjects had digit spans representative of their respective populations, and in accord with previous dichotic research younger subjects recalled with greater accuracy. The main effect of group and the Group x Test (ear reported first vs ear reported second) interaction were reliable with both serial and free recall scoring. In the second experiment young subjects were matched to old subjects on the basis of digit span. Matching eliminated the group and Group x Test interaction with seriall recall and the group effect with free recall, suggesting that digit span and dichotic memory are mediated by common mechanisms. Error trends and the Group x Test interactions with free recall revealed that some age related differences persisted even after matching. These differences are discussed in terms of regression artifact and processing capacity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Aging, digit span, and the stimulus suffix effect.

The first experiment showed that the amount of interference resulting from an extra auditory stimulus (stimulus suffix) placed at the end of a list of to-be-remembered items varied inversely with digit span in a sample of college students. In the second experiment suffix effects for a group of old subjects were of similar magnitude to those of young subjects with comparable spans. These results, along with others from our laboratory, indicate that explication of much of the influence of aging on short-term memory tasks reduces to factors determining memory span.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

An alternative interpretation of the stimulus suffix effect.

The influence of a stimulus suffix was examined in yes-no recognition and probe-recall tasks. As with previous findings with serial recall, reliable suffix effects were obtained in probe recall. However, no suffix effects were found in the recognition task. Both serial and probe-recall tasks require the retention of order and item information, while only item information is required in recognition. An interpretation of the suffix effect based on interference with order information is presented.

Auditory Perception↗