PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S R Petersen

Publications and source records attributed to S R Petersen.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Steroid use is associated with pneumonia in pediatric chest trauma.

A review of pediatric trauma focused on pediatric chest injuries was performed at a trauma center specializing in neurologic trauma. Eighty of 342 (23%) pediatric trauma patients admitted to the center had chest injuries. Age, gender, mechanism of injury, magnitude of injury, incidence of pulmonary infection, chest tube usage, endotracheal intubation, steroid or antibiotic usage, morbidity, and mortality data were reviewed. Sixteen of 78 children (20%) with chest injuries developed pulmonary infections and were compared with the noninfected group. Patients with pneumonia had a higher morbidity with significantly longer mean hospital stay (43.0 vs. 12.7 days; p = 0.001), duration of intubation (8.4 vs. 1.5 days; p = 0.001), and total days with chest tubes, (2.2 vs. 1.4 days; p = 0.02). Pneumonia was significantly associated with longer mean duration of steroid usage (6.4 vs. 0.8 days; p = 0.0001). Duration of steroid administration for the treatment of concomitant brain injury was a significant independent risk factor for the occurrence of pneumonia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effect of high velocity resistance training on peak torque, cross sectional area and myofibrillar ATPase activity.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of high velocity resistance (HVR) training on peak torque (PT), cross sectional area (CSA) and myofibrillar ATPase activity of the knee extensors. HVR training was performed in a circuit on hydraulic exercise equipment, 4 times a week for 5 weeks at an angular velocity of approximately 3.14 rad.s-1. Knee extension PT was determined on a Cybex II isokinetic dynamometer and CSA of the quadriceps femoris muscle was assessed using computer tomography (CT) scanning. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the lateral quadriceps muscle and were analyzed for myofibrillar ATPase activity. Knee extension peak torque was significantly increased at 1.57, 2.09, 3.14, 3.66 and 4.19 rad.s-1. Myofibrillar ATPase activity and CSA was also significantly increased after HVR training. These findings showed that short-term high velocity resistance training enhances the in vivo torque/velocity curve especially at fast angular velocities and these changes are partly attributed to an increase in muscle CSA and activity of myofibrillar ATPase.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1991

Physiological adaptations to concurrent endurance training and low velocity resistance training.

This study investigated the effects of concurrent endurances and low velocity resistance training (LVR) on measures of strength and aerobic endurance. One group (ES) performed concurrent endurance training 3 days a week and LVR training on alternate days, 3 days a week for 12 weeks. The other group (S) performed only LVR training 3 days a week for 12 weeks without any endurance training. Measurements and increases in training volume were made every three weeks in both groups. Group ES exhibited increases in submaximal exercise responses after 3, 9 and 12 weeks (p less than 0.05). Knee extension peak torque and total work as well as cross-sectional area of quadriceps femoris were significantly increased after 6 and 9 weeks of training in both groups. These findings indicate that no significant differences in strength gains were observed between subjects performing concurrent endurance and resistance training or resistance training only. However, the time-course of adaptations between groups was somewhat different.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1991

Delayed diagnosis of cervical spine injuries.

Over a 32-month period, the cases of all patients with multiple injuries on whom cervical spine roentgenograms (CSRs) were obtained during blunt trauma evaluation in a trauma center were reviewed to determine the incidence, outcome, and clinical consequence of delayed diagnosis of cervical spine injuries. A total of 1,331 patients had CSRs following blunt injury. Sixty-one (4.6%) of the patients had documented cervical fractures or dislocations. The patients were seriously injured (mean Trauma Score, 12; mean Glasgow Coma Scale score, 11; and mean Injury Severity Score, 30.3). Eleven of the patients died in the trauma room; 9 with fatal atlantoaxial dislocation. Of the 50 survivors (81.9%), neurologic deficits were present in 15 (30%), and 8 of those had complete spinal cord injuries. The diagnosis of the cervical spine injury was made during the initial evaluation in 56 of the 61 patients (91.8%). Five patients had delayed recognition of their cervical spine injury (2-21 days). The reason for the delay was incomplete CSRs in all patients, despite multiple views (up to 13). The missed injuries occurred in patients in whom complete visualization of the spine was most difficult (i.e., severe degenerative arthritis of the cervical spine in two patients; previous cervical fractures in one patient; instability during resuscitation in one patient). Radiologic misinterpretation occurred in one patient. The diagnosis of cervical spine injury was pursued because of persistent neck pain in two patients, and the development of subtle neurologic findings in three. The neurologic deficits in the three patients resolved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1991

Adaptations to endurance and low velocity resistance training performed in a sequence.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two different sequences of the same two training programs on strength and endurance adaptations. One group completed 5 weeks of low velocity resistance (LVR) training prior to 5 weeks of endurance training (Group SE) while the other group (ES) completed the opposite sequence. Endurance training and resistance training resulted in anticipated increases in aerobic endurance measures and strength, respectively, regardless of the sequence followed. Some maintenance of strength was observed during subsequent endurance training in Group SE. However, the improvements in peak VO2 and submaximal exercise responses that occurred after endurance training in Group ES were not maintained with subsequent LVR training. This investigation suggests that conducting LVR training prior to endurance training may be more beneficial if resistance and endurance training are performed in a sequence.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Time-motion analysis of and heart rate responses to amateur ice hockey officiating.

The physical activity of referees (n = 4) and linesmen (n = 6) was analyzed from videotapes of four varsity hockey games to determine the frequency, average duration, and total time spent in each of six activity categories. The average duration of activity was low while frequency of occurrence was high. Low intensity activities occupied 96% of total time for referees and 94% of time for linesmen. Heart rate responses were recorded every 5 seconds and synchronized to the videotapes for all referees and 5 linesmen. Heart rates were above 70% of maximum for 70% of the total ice time, which was greater than expected for the observed physical activity. Psychological stress during the course of a varsity hockey game could contribute to the high heart rate responses. It is concluded that training to increase aerobic fitness is an important aspect of ice hockey officiating to increase resistance to fatigue and aid in stress management.

Alberta↗
PubMed1979

Septic phlebitis: a neglected disease.

A review of 100 patients with peripheral septic phlebitis revealed that 54 per cent of the cases were due to intravenous catheters and 46 per cent were secondary to drug abuse. Eighty per cent of the involved veins were in the arm or neck. Pain was the most common symptom (83 per cent), with erythema and edema the most common physical signs (63 per cent). Eighty per cent of the causative organisms were gram-positive bacteria, usually Staphylococcus aureus (41 per cent) or Group A streptococcus (20 per cent). Complications were more common if septic phlebitis was due to intravenous therapy than drug abuse. No deaths were directly attributed to septic phlebitis. However, hospital stay after development of septic phlebitis was 14 days with a 56 per cent complication rate. The initial treatment of septic phlebitis should include prompt removal of the intravenous device, antibiotics, heat, and elevation. Because serious complications occur in a significant number of patients, operative excision of the involved vein should be performed if clinical deterioration occurs or if septicemia persists after 24 hours despite conservative therapy.

Arm↗
PubMed1979

Acute acalculous cholecystitis: a complication of hyperalimentation.

In a 5 year period, eight patients in whom acute acalculous cholecystitis developed during intravenous hyperalimentation are reviewed with emphasis on factors contributing to pathogenesis. Gallbladder distention, biliary stasis, and bile inspissation, thought to be important in the pathogenesis of this disease, are enhanced with the use of hyperalimentation, and this potential complication is being seen with increasing frequency in seriously ill or injured patients who are being fed parenterally. In addition to hyperalimentation, sepsis, hypotension, multiple transfusions (more than 10 units), prolonged fasting, and ventilatory support were frequent common denominators. Typical findings of pain, tenderness, and a mass in the right upper abdominal quadrant are infrequent, and the diagnosis rests on a high index of suspicion and ultrasonography. This syndrome may be preventable by the stimulation of gallbladder emptying with intermittent fat ingestion or parenteral infusion of cholecystokinin.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1979

Management of portal vein injuries.

Injuries to the portal vein are associated with a high mortality because of a high incidence of concomitant injury to surrounding structures and refractory shock. Repair of the portal vein injury is often difficult or impossible because of massive hemorrhage. The key to successful management of a portal vein injury is rapid blood volume resuscitation and obtaining rapid and adequate exposure. The optimal exposure for repair consists of reflection of the hepatic flexure of the colon with mobilization of the root of the mesentery, pancreas, and duodenum. Lateral venorrhaphy is the preferred method of management, but in hemodynamically unstable patients, ligation of the portal vein is an acceptable method of treatment.

Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical↗
PubMed1979

Morbidity of a negative finding at laparotomy in abdominal trauma.

Although it is undesirable to perform an unneeded laparotomy in patients with abdominal trauma, it is more serious to delay exploration and incur morbidity or mortality. Because a negative finding at laparotomy has a low incidence of complications, early exploration is justified in instances in which intra-abdominal injury is suspected. Although peritoneal lavage for blunt trauma and selective exploration for some stab wounds may reduce the incidence of unnecessary laparotomies, the high incidence of major injury associated with gunshot wounds precludes use of selective exploration as a reasonable policy.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Substrate efficacy in early nutrition support of critically ill multiple trauma victims.

The metabolic consequences of excessive nutrition support in patients have been increasingly recognized in recent years. Time-dependent optimal nutrition support is desired for an early and uncomplicated recovery after severe injury or illness. Metabolic effects of adding balanced amino acids to glucose infusion during total parenteral nutrition were investigated in 18 patients after major trauma (injury severity score 32 +/- 2). Two studies were conducted on each subject, one in the early "flow" phase of injury (40-60 hours postinjury) in the basal state without any dietary intake and then after 4 to 6 days of intravenous nutrition provided solely as glucose (24 +/- 2 kcal/kg per day, 80% resting energy expenditure, n = 8) or isocaloric glucose (28 +/- 3 kcal/kg per day) with amino acids (275 +/- 28 mg of nitrogen per kilogram per day, n = 10). Whole-body fuel substrate kinetics were studied for energy metabolism (indirect calorimetry), protein kinetics (primed-constant infusion of 15N glycine), and lipid mobilization (two-stage infusion of 10% glycerol). Injury-induced hypoaminoacidemia was equally modulated whether the glucose-based nutrition had amino acids or not. The negative nitrogen balance is reduced similarly in both groups. Protein breakdown rate is significantly (p = .025) decreased in both groups and it is more so (30% vs 18%) in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. Intravenous nutrition could not stimulate protein synthesis. Whole-body lipolysis rate as well as net fat oxidation rate are suppressed more when glucose alone is given, and this also results in less reesterification. Provision of intravenous glucose alone, not to exceed the resting energy expenditure, seems to be superior to isocaloric glucose with amino acids during this early catabolic flow phase of injury because the injured body could not assimilate this exogenous amino acid.

Adult↗