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Biomedical subjects

S R Prasad

Publications and source records attributed to S R Prasad.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Primary hepatic actinomycosis.

Actinomycotic liver abscess was diagnosed in a 35-year-old alcoholic farmer from southern India with tender hepatomegaly and fever. CT of the abdomen revealed three coalescing hypodense lesions in the liver. The causative organism could be demonstrated on direct microscopy and cultured from the pus. Treatment with i.v. penicillin for 2 months and oral ampicillin for 5 months resulted in cure as evidenced by clinical improvement and radiological disappearance of the lesions.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed2001

Mandibular haemophilic pseudotumour containing a fluid-fluid level.

Osseous haemophilic pseudotumours are uncommon. Mandibular haemophilic pseudotumours are rare, with only approximately 12 cases reported in the literature to date. We present imaging findings of a histopathologically proven mandibular haemophilic pseudotumour. A fluid-fluid level, hitherto not associated with this condition, is also described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Telepathology in India.

Telepathology is the most recent addition to the pathologist's diagnostic tools. It is the acquisition of macroscopic and microscopic images for electronic transmission for diagnosis, consultation and/or education. With the addition of the personal computer at the pathologist's desktop, the stage has been set for one of the greatest advantages the Internet has to offer. Telepathology in India is in infancy, and we at PathoIndia (www.Pathoindia.com) have started a series of publication images from interesting cases in the form of weekly quiz. After cases are published, hundreds of pathologists from around the world are invited by e-mail to send in their diagnosis and comments. The responses to this quiz suggest that telepathology is catching on in the pathology community. Another intention of this series is to identify and select qualified international and Indian pathologists who would be willing to help colleagues from India requesting second opinions online.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Prevalence of Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viral infections in pig population in and around Chandigarh.

A study on sero prevalence of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) and West Nile (WN) viruses in pigs was carried out in and around Chandigarh. A total of 158 blood samples collected (June, 1995-March, 1996) from batches of pigs were screened for antibodies against JE and WN viral antigens by haemagglutination inhibition and complement fixation tests. In Chandigarh out of 13 pigs, 5 had JE and one WN HAI antibodies. Similarly, the sera of 14 and 1 pigs in Punjab and 29 and 3 pigs in Haryana were positive for JE and WN HAI antibodies respectively. In total JE specific HAI antibodies were found in 30.3% and CF antibodies in 12.5% of pigs whereas WN specific HAI antibodies were obtained in 3.2% and only one pig had CF antibodies. The results show that JE and WN viral infections are prevalent in pig population in and around Chandigarh.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Activity of dengue-2 virus and prevalence of Aedes aegypti in the Chirimiri colliery area, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Repeated outbreaks of a suspected viral fever in Chirimiri colliery area, Madhya Pradesh were reported since 1990. The area consists of an agglomeration of sprawling settlements at varying altitudes of 816 to 890 m and it has partial sylvan cover. During a 1992 outbreak 25 patients' sera were tested, of which 13 showed seropositivity to dengue (DEN) by MAC-ELISA test; DEN-2 was isolated from Aedes aegypti collected from two of the eight settlements of the area. The principal vector, Ae. aegypti, was prevalent in all the settlements studied; Breteau indices (BI) varied between 2.5 and 125.0; adult house indices (AHI) between 0 and 60.0%; Ae. albopictus and Ae. vittatus occurred in considerable numbers; Ae. aegypti bred in more containers with nonpotable water than those with potable water; the breeding of this species was noted in a maximum number of cement tanks while mud pots were predominant among the available containers. Paired comparisons between relative prevalence indices showed significant correlation and regression coefficients. Significant association of Ae. aegypti breeding with the households having tap water supply was noted, the relative risk declining with the people's use of well water either exclusively or in combination with other sources of water supply. It was also collected in the nonresidential areas. The role of ecological factors in the maintenance and spread of Ae. aegypti and dengue in these settlements is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

IgG & IgM antibodies against measles virus in unvaccinated infants from Pune: evidence for subclinical infections.

IgG and IgM class of antibodies to measles virus were estimated in the plasma samples of 211 unvaccinated infants living under overcrowded conditions in Pune, Maharashtra. IgG antibodies to measles virus, in high titres, were detected in 52.1 per cent and IgM antibodies in 31.3 per cent of the infants studied. Most of the infants with IgM antibodies to measles virus had not suffered from an attack of measles. A history of contact with an older child with overt measles was available for 13.3 per cent of the 211 infants studied. Among these infants with such a contact history, 82.1 per cent had IgM antibodies to measles virus. These observations suggest that many infants studied by us, had experienced subclinical measles infections and many times older children with measles at home or in the neighbourhood might have transmitted such infections.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1994

Measles outbreak in a tribal population of Thane district, Maharashtra.

In March 1992, an outbreak of measles, in the tribal population of Vavar village, Mokhada Taluk, Thane district, Maharashtra, was investigated. Two hamlets of Vavar village namely Sagpanipada (epidemic in October, November 1991) and Behedpada (epidemic in January, February 1992) were affected. In both hamlets, measles cases were confined to children below 10 yrs and 96% of the cases occurred in children below 6 yrs. Attack rates were 52.7% and 51.4% and case fatality rates were 31.2% and 15.6% at Sagpanipada and Behedpada, respectively. All the convalescent patients' sera possessed IgM antibodies against measles. A clear drop in IgM and a rise in IgG antibodies against measles was observed in 35 paired samples from convalescent patients. Fifty four per cent of sera from controls, possessed IgM antibodies. Migrating population appeared to have imported measles which flared up in an epidemic among the susceptibles. Priority immunization of the children of remote isolated populations may prevent such epidemics.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Decontamination of radioactive milk--a review.

The Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident in Russia in 1986 has further revealed the susceptibility of the environment to radioactive contamination. This can have serious implications for the safety of milk as well as other foods. Global fallout and other isotope releases can threaten to increase the radionuclide levels in milk alarmingly, and thus make it unfit for human consumption. Perception of such fears in the past resulted in considerable research efforts being directed towards radioactive decontamination of milk by different means. The holding of milk and milk products long enough to deactivate certain radioisotopes prior to consumption, conversion of milk into butter, and manufacturing cheese by using modified processes are some of the approaches in minimizing the radioactivity risk to consumers. Extensive studies carried out in the USA have shown that though somewhat expensive, ion-exchange treatment of milk in large-scale, automated plants can eliminate 90% or more of the radionuclides of concern, i.e. strontium-90, and iodine-131, and much of caesium-137. Various factors affecting the efficiency of the ion exchange process and properties of the treated milk are reviewed. Other processing techniques such as electrodialysis are also briefly discussed in relation to removal of radionuclides from milk.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

An epidemic of encephalitis in Haryana: serological evidence of Japanese encephalitis in a few patients.

An epidemic of encephalitis occurred in the eastern, paddy growing districts of Haryana state between July and November 1990. One hundred and eighty-two patients with encephalitis were admitted to different hospitals in Haryana and 118 of them expired (mortality rate 64.8%); 88% of the patients were children. The male to female ratio was 2. 3. 1. IgM class of antibodies to Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Virus could be demonstrated in the CSF and/or sera of 3 surviving and 2 fatal patients of the 19 patients studied. This is the first detailed report on an epidemic of encephalitis in North-Western part of India. Serologically proven cases of JE are being reported, for the first time, from this region.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Intrauterine growth predictors.

The present study was conducted to construct standards for midarm circumference and midarm/head circumference ratio to identify neonates at risk for metabolic complications and to assess the anthropometric variable which could be used to substitute weight to identify low birth weight neonates. A study of 2925 consecutive live births showed significant correlation (p less than or equal to 0.001) between different anthropometric variables studied. Since midarm circumference (MAC), midarm circumference/head circumference ratio (MAC/HC) and ponderal index (PI) had the least correlation with gestation, these were used as independent markers for gestation. Among these three, MAC had the best correlation with birth weight (r = 0.808). A midarm circumference of less than or equal to 8.6 cm and less than or equal to 7.4 cm had the best sensitivity and specificity for identifying neonates with a birth weight of less than or equal to 2500 and less than or equal to 2000 g, respectively. All the anthropometric variable studied can rule out low birth weight with great accuracy (high negative predictive value greater than 90%).

Arm↗
PubMed1990

Etiological spectrum of acute sporadic viral hepatitis amongst adults in Chandigarh.

All 77 HBsAg positive and 94 of representative HBsAg negative sera derived from 253 adult patients with acute sporadic viral hepatitis during 1987 at Chandigarh were tested for serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections. The HBsAg positive patients could be classified as acute hepatitis B (64%); chronic hepatitis B with exacerbation, or liver damage by other infectious or noninfectious agent/s over a chronic HBsAg carrier state (35%); and coinfection of HBV and HAV (1%). Among the HBsAg negative hepatitis group, acute hepatitis B was diagnosed in 4 per cent of patients and acute hepatitis A in another 4 per cent.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Intrauterine growth curves in north Indian babies: weight, length, head circumference and ponderal index.

Intrauterine growth (weight, length, head circumference, Ponderal index) was studied in 2875 consecutive live born babies. Weight, length and head circumference growth curves did not show any significant difference when compared to previous growth curves made 20 years back from this centre. Norms and curves for ponderal index are provided for the Indian babies and were comparable with figures from Western studies. However, the 90th centile values were found to be low between 32-38 weeks of gestation.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1989

Ponderal index as a marker of intrauterine growth.

Anthropometric data obtained from 2925 consecutive live births were used to compute Rohrer's ponderal index (PI). Norms and curves for intrauterine growth in terms of PI were worked out for the first time in our country and were found to be comparable with figures from Western studies. PI was unaffected by sex and showed a linear correlation with gestational age up to 40 wk. PI was also found to be an efficient marker of disproportionate intrauterine growth.

Body Mass Index↗