Biomedical subjects

S R Schwarzkopf

Publications and source records attributed to S R Schwarzkopf.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

[Educational objectives in the new interdisciplinary subject "Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine, Naturopathic Techniques" under the 9th Revision of the Licensing Regulations for Doctors--consensus recommendations of the German Society for Rehabilitative Sciences and the German Society for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation].

In October 2003 the 9 (th) revision of the Federal Medical Training Regulations (Approbationsordnung) came into effect. The new compulsory interdisciplinary subject "Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine, Naturopathic Treatment" offers the opportunity to teach all students in comprehensive concepts of Rehabilitation such as the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) of the WHO and the new book 9 of the German Social Code (SGB 9), as well as Physical Medicine and Naturopathic Treatment. Since the content of this new subject has not been defined up to date a joint task force of the German Society of Rehabilitation Science and the German Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation was founded in order to recommend teaching standards. As part of these teaching standards educational objectives are introduced in this article. They should guide the persons in charge of teaching the subject in the medical faculties. In some areas the students should acquire profound abilities and skills in addition to knowledge. The medical faculties may focus on different educational targets according to their individual teaching profile.

Complementary Therapies↗

PubMed2003

[Physical therapy to treat spinal stenosis].

Spinal stenosis mainly is a disease of the elderly. In most cases the lumbar spine is affected. The assessment is based on the typical constellation of symptoms (neurogenic claudication, subjective weakness) and physical findings (abnormal reflex status, loss of strength, sensory deficits, impairment in balance and coordination). The diagnosis is further supported by the radiologic proof of a stenosis of the spinal canal, the lateral recess, and the intervertebral foramina. The main targets of physical and rehabilitative medicine are the relief of pain and an improvement in the activities of daily living, which are especially impaired by reduced walking distance and difficulties in climbing stairs. These can be achieved by multimodal, conservative management: physiotherapy, occupational therapy, treatment of myofascial disorders, and oral medication/local injections. Physiotherapy aims at a stabilization of the lumbar spine in a flexed posture rather than in lumbar lordosis and at an increase of overall physical fitness. Oral analgetic and/or anti-inflammatory medical management is based on the three-step scheme of the World Health Organization, which also can be applied for low back pain. Local injections can help to control symptoms. Myofascial disorders are treated by techniques and procedures such as traditional massage.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2001

[Physiotherapy in spinal stenosis].

Spinal stenosis mainly is a disease of the elderly patient. Mostly the lumbar spine is affected. The assessment is based on the typical constellation of symptoms (neurogenic claudication, subjective weakness) and physical findings (abnormal reflex status, loss of strength, sensory deficits). It further is supported by the radiographic proof of stenosis of the spinal canal, the lateral recess and the intervertebral foramina. The targets of physical therapy are the relief of pain and an improvement concerning the activities of daily living, which are especially impaired by reduced walking distance and difficulties in climbing stairs as well. That can be achieved by physiotherapy treatment of myofascial disorders oral medication/local injection.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1996

[Isolated hip dislocation of traumatic origin].

The final outcome following isolated traumatic dislocation of the hip that is reduced within 6 h is generally believed to be excellent. Forty-nine patients with an isolated dislocation of the hip were treated between 1974 and 1989 at the Department of Traumatology of the Hannover Medical School. The majority of patients were involved in traffic accidents, and 42 had associated injuries. All dislocations primarily treated at our hospital were reduced by closed methods within 3 h, (average 85 min, range 10-180 min), followed by early mobilisation with partial weight-bearing for 2-3 weeks. 42 patients were evaluated after an average follow-up period of 7.7 years. Radiological signs of partial necrosis were seen in two patients. Mild arthrosis was found in seven patients, moderate degeneration in two and heterotopic ossifications in four patients (two Brooker II, one Brooker III, one hip ankylosed). Twenty-nine of 33 MRI examinations were normal. Despite early reduction only 9/12 anterior and 14/30 posterior dislocations revealed excellent and good results according to the Thompson and Epstein classification. According to the present study the important prognostic factors are the direction of dislocation, the overall injury severity and the age at the time of injury.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

[Femur head dislocation fractures. Long-term outcome of conservative and surgical therapy].

From 1974 to 1989, we treated 32 patients with a femoral head fracture: 28 were associated with a traumatic posterosuperior dislocation of the hip (6 Pipkin type I, 7 type II, 4 type III and 11 type IV), 1 with a posteroinferior and 3 with an anterior displacement of the femoral head. Twenty-four patients had been involved in a traffic accident, 23 had associated injuries, and the average polytrauma score (PTS) was 21. All dislocations primarily treated at our hospital were reduced by closed methods within 4 h (mean 105 min). Eleven patients received no further operative treatment, 21 were treated by open reduction and screw fixation of the fragment of the head (n = 7), fixation of the acetabular fracture (n = 3) or removal of the fragments of the head (n = 10). Four Pipkin type III fractures received primary total hip replacement. Twenty-six of the surviving 29 patients were reviewed after an average follow-up of 5 years (2-11). Radiological signs of mild arthrosis were seen in 4, moderate degeneration in 2. Partial avascular necrosis was found in 4, subchondral collapse in 1 and heterotopic ossification in 8 patients. According to the Thompson and Epstein criteria 15 of 26 patients presented fair to poor results.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Isolated traumatic dislocation of the hip. Long-term results in 50 patients.

From 1974 to 1989, we treated 50 patients with a simple dislocation of the hip: 38 were posterior dislocations and 12 were anterior. All dislocations primarily treated at our hospital were reduced by closed methods within three hours (mean 85 minutes (10 to 180)) and 43 were reviewed after an average follow-up of 8 years (2 to 17). It is widely held that isolated hip dislocation reduced within six hours gives an excellent outcome, but we found a significant number of complications. There were radiological signs of partial avascular necrosis in two, mild osteoarthritis in seven, and moderate degeneration in two. Heterotopic ossification was seen in four patients, but 29 of 33 MRI examinations were normal. Objective evaluation according to the Thompson and Epstein (1951) criteria showed fair and poor results in 3 of 12 anterior dislocations, but in 16 of 30 posterior dislocations. In six of the seven patients with no other severe injury, the hip had an excellent or good result; in only three of the eight patients with severe multiple injuries was this the case. The important factors in the long-term prognosis appear to be the direction of the dislocation and the overall severity of injuries.

Adolescent↗