Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S R Sharma.
Mammography is the most effective method for early detection of breast cancer and yet, 10% to 30% of women who have breast cancer and undergo mammography have negative mammograms. Furthermore, of the women who are sent to biopsy, only 20% to 40% actually have breast cancer. Quantitative analysis of the radiographic features of microcalcifications and masses may help radiologists improve their specificity.
Mammography is the most effective method for early detection of breast cancer and yet, 10% to 30% of women who have breast cancer and undergo mammography have negative mammograms. Furthermore, of the women who are sent to biopsy, only 20% to 40% actually have breast cancer. Quantitative analysis of the radiographic features of microcalcifications and masses may help radiologists improve their specificity.
Hypoglycaemic, antihyperglycaemic and hypolipidemic activities of the aqueous and 50% ethanolic extracts of Caesalpinia bonducella Fleming (Leguminosae) seeds were studied in normal and streptozotocin (SZ)-diabetic rats. In normal rats, both the extracts exhibited hypoglycaemic activity as early as 4 h after administration at a lower dose of 100 mg/kg. The hypoglycaemia produced by the aqueous extract was of prolonged duration as compared to ethanolic extract. In diabetic rats, both the extracts produced significant (P < 0.01) antihyperglycaemic effect from day 5 onwards. Aqueous extract also exhibited antihypercholesterolemic and antihypertriglyceridemic effects in SZ-diabetic rats. These results suggest that C. bonducella seeds possess an antidiabetic principle and can be useful for treatment of diabetes. Further studies are warranted to fractionate the active principle and to find out its exact mechanism of action.
Antitrypanosomal activity of crude 50% ethanolic extract of Xanthium strumarium leaves was studied in vitro and in vivo. The extract exhibited trypanocidal activity at all four concentrations tested i.e. 5, 50, 500 and 1000 micrograms/ml, in vitro. In vivo trial revealed that the extract exerted antitrypanosomal effect at dosage of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg, intraperitoneally. At 100 and 300 mg/kg doses the survival period of the Trypanosoma evansi infected mice was significantly prolonged. However, the extract was found to be toxic to the animals at 1000 mg/kg dose.
Crude 50% ethanolic extract of P. hysterophorus flowers exhibited trypanocidal activity in vitro at all the four concentrations tested i.e. 5, 50, 500 and 1000 micrograms/ml. In vivo trial revealed that the extract exerted antitrypanosomal effect at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg body wt, i.p. as evidenced by significantly reduced (P < 0.01) mean parasitaemia on days 3, 4, 5 and 6 when compared with untreated control group. Further at 100 and 300 mg/kg, body wt doses, the survival period was significantly (P < 0.05) prolonged as compared to control group. The extract was, however, found toxic to the animals at 1000 mg/kg dose.
JC:------------ABSTRACT------------------------- P4 Osteoclastoma seen between 1965 and 1984 is presented. All patients received megavoltage therapy using Telecobalt. Tumour dose of 45 Gy to 55.3 Gy in 15 to 18 fractions had been delivered. All patients had quantitation of pre-treatment tumour volume and post-treatment response using a radiographic grid. CT scan measurements have complimented the grid quantitation in recent years. Follow through visits from 5 to 24 years post-treatment (mean follow up 9.2 years) have shown optimum tumor regression, bone recalcification and restitution of joint functions amongst these patients. No case of bone sarcoma has been detected. Our observations lead us to support megavoltage radiation therapy as the treatment of choice for accessible and inaccessible osteoclastoma.
The study evaluated 121 consecutive unoperated cases of retinoblastoma in children. They received radiation as the primary treatment for their ocular disease. The stage grouping was done according to Reese classification. Ninety four children had their disease evaluated by CT scan. All except one had imaged lesions in both eyes. In addition, twenty six had thickened optic nerves and twenty one showed chiasmal infiltration. Radiation field selection was based on clinical and CT imaged disease. A tumor dose of 4500c Gy in 16 to 19 fractions over 18 to 24 days was delivered by cobalt teletherapy. The target volume encompassed ora serrata anteriorly and optic chiasma posteriorly in all cases. Tumor response and patient survival was correlated with the initial stage and radiation factors utilised amongst them. Encouraging results were obtained using three field radiation technique with an open anterior field and a TDF between 75 and 90.
The utility of activated charcoal for the removal of malathion from saline waters has been explored. The adsorption capacity of charcoal for malathion has been found to be 117 mg g-1. Adsorption follows the Freundlich adsorption isotherms, the value of k and 1/n for charcoal being 1.6 and 0.60, respectively. Malathion can be eluted with methanol or ethanolic potassium hydroxide.
The influence of pH, leachates of alkaline and saline salts, inorganic fertilizers, and surfactants on the movement of eight organophosphorus pesticides, viz., DDVP, diazinon, Ekatin, Folithion, malathion, metasystox, parathion methyl, and Rogor has been studied using soil thin layer chromatographic techniques. The variation in the movement of pesticides under different solvent amendments are expressed in terms of Rf, RB, and RM values and are explained on the basis of adsorption and leachability.
The influence of organic matter, calcium carbonate, flyash, saline and alkaline salts, inorganic fertilizers, surfactants, and exchangeable ions on the mobility of different phosphorus pesticides has been studied using soil thin-layer chromatographic techniques. The variations in Rf, RB, and RM values of DDVP, diazinon, Ekatin, Folithion, malathion, metasystox, parathion methyl, and Rogor under different treatments is reported and explained on the basis of adsorption and leachability.
The effects of four herbicides, namely bromacil, diuron, nitrofen, and alachlor, at 0.04 and 0.02% concentrations in vitro and nitrofen and alachlor at two concentrations under field conditions, were studied against root rot of French beans, caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Diuron at 0.04% concentration completely checked the growth of R. solani in in vitro incubation up to 72 hours. Alachlor was highly effective at both the concentrations, followed by nitrofen and bromacil. In field trials in 1977 and 1978, pre-inoculation application of both the herbicides was less effective than post-inoculation application. Pre-emergence mortality, following post-inoculation application of nitrofen and alachlor, varied in the two trials from 5.7 to 11.4% and 5.3 to 7.6%. respectively, as compared to 16.6 to 19.3% in untreated plots. Post-emergence mortality in post-inoculation application of nitrofen and alachlor varied from 3.9 to 9.5 and 5.3 to 12.2, respectively, whereas in untreated plots it was 13.8 to 21.9%. Yield of green pods was also significantly higher in post-inoculation application than in untreated control.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.