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Biomedical subjects

S R Wild

Publications and source records attributed to S R Wild.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The persistence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sewage sludge amended agricultural soils.

In 1968, five metal enriched sewage sludges containing different concentrations of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were applied to different plots on field soils at two experimental sites, Luddington and Lee Valley, in the UK. This resulted in substantial increases in the total PAH soil concentrations in all plots. Since application, losses have occurred, with the high molecular weight PAHs being more persistent. Calculated half-lives range from under 2 years for naphthalene to over 9 years for benzo[ghi]perylene and coronene. The losses of PAH compounds in these field experiments can be related, in part, to their physico-chemical properties, notably the octanol: water partition coefficient.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Adult hepatic fibropolycystic disease presenting as obstructive jaundice.

Obstructive jaundice caused by compression of the common hepatic duct by a simple hepatic cyst in a 31 year old Europid man is reported. The jaundice and duct compression resolved after percutaneous aspiration of the cyst under ultrasound direction and the patient has been well for 12 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence of spina bifida occulta in patients with functional disorders of the lower urinary tract and its relation to urodynamic and neurophysiological measurements.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relation between neurophysiological abnormalities and the radiological detection of spina bifida occulta in patients with dysfunction of the lower urinary tract. DESIGN: Blind assessment and subsequent decoding of mixed batch of abdominal radiographs from patients with and without urological symptoms for evidence of spina bifida occulta and comparison of results with those of previous control series. SETTING: Review study among tertiary referrals to an incontinence clinic of a city hospital. PATIENTS: One hundred and thirty eight adults with proved urodynamic abnormalities in whom neurophysiological measurements were available. INTERVENTIONS: None. END POINT: Correlation of neurophysiological abnormalities in lower urinary tract dysfunction with presence and type of spina bifida occulta and level of opening of posterior sacral arcs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: On decoding radiographs those from patients without urological symptoms showed a similar prevalence of spina bifida occulta to that in the control series (631/2707 controls; 23%). By contrast, patients with urological symptoms had a significantly increased prevalence of spina bifida occulta at S1 and S2 and a higher level of opening of posterior sacral arcs. The increased prevalence of the bony defect was particularly striking in men with urgency and instability and in women with stress incontinence. No significant correlation was found between any particular neurophysiological abnormality and the presence of spina bifida. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with dysfunction of the lower urinary tract neurophysiological abnormalities may be associated with congenital dysraphic lesions in the lower lumbar spine and sacrum. There appears to be no direct causal relation between the radiological and neurophysiological abnormalities but the findings suggest a common aetiological factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ultrasound as an alternative to intravenous urography in prostatism.

Seventy-five patients, with uncomplicated benign prostatic hypertrophy referred for pre-prostatectomy assessment, were studied to determine whether renal tract ultrasound combined with plain films of kidney, ureters and bladder could provide an acceptable alternative to intravenous urography (IVU). All patients had both IVU and ultrasound. Bladder residual urine volumes were calculated by ultrasound measurements. Fifty-nine (78%) patients had normal IVU and ultrasound. Twelve (16%) had both abnormal IVU and abnormal ultrasound. Four (6%) had positive findings on one examination not detected on the other: two of these occurred with ultrasound and two with IVU. Measurement of residual volume of urine in the bladder by ultrasound and IVU is discussed. The combination of ultrasound and a plain radiograph of the urinary tract provides more information and should replace IVU in the preoperative assessment of patients with uncomplicated benign hypertrophy of the prostate.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Prevalence and patterns of spina bifida occulta in 2707 normal adults.

Plain radiographs of the urinary tract on 2707 normal volunteers were reviewed to establish the prevalence and patterns of spina bifida occulta in the normal population. Abnormalities in the formation of the posterior arch were identified in 23%, and four different patterns are described. In this group of subjects the condition was twice as common in males as in females (P less than 0.001) and commoner in younger adults. The commonest defects were either in S1 alone or involved S1 and S2 together. Isolated defects at L5 or S2 were rare. The level of opening of the posterior sacral arcs was assessed and a high level of opening was shown to correlate with the presence of spina bifida occulta.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The renal parenchymal junctional line in children: ultrasonic frequency and appearances.

The kidneys of 72 children were examined ultrasonically to determine the frequency of visualisation of the parenchymal junctional line (PJL), its variation with age and its ultrasonic appearances. The PJL was seen in 47 cases, usually on the right side. No statistical variation in the frequency of visualisation with age has been established. The usual appearance is of a thin, echogenic, linear structure running from the renal sinus to the cortex in an antero-superior direction. It is believed to originate from a layer of connective tissue which is trapped when a proportion of kidneys form from the fusion of two metanephric elements. The PJL is a common ultrasonic finding in a normal child's kidney and should never be confused with a pyelonephritic scar.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Arthrosonography of the irritable hip in childhood: a review of 1 year's experience.

A retrospective study of 87 children presenting acutely with an "irritable hip" was undertaken to assess the role of arthrosonography of the hip joint. Arthrosonography detected 52 hip-joint effusions, of which 16 were aspirated and an effusion confirmed in 14 (88%). In 82 cases plain radiography was compared with arthrosonography for the detection of hip-joint effusions. Of 47 children with a positive ultrasound diagnosis, 28 (59%) showed abnormal findings on plain radiographs and, of 35 cases with negative ultrasound findings, 22 (63%) had a negative diagnosis by plain radiography. Patients with more severe clinical signs were more likely to have an ultrasonic diagnosis of an effusion (87%-100%) than those with mild clinical signs (25%). The ultrasonic measurement of the hip-joint capsule to femoral neck distance was 2.2 mm +/- 0.5 mm (mean +/- 1 SD) in normal hips and 6.3 mm +/- 1.5 mm in the joints with effusions. Our study suggests that arthrosonographically the normal capsular space is less than 3 mm and the difference between the two sides less than 2 mm. It is suggested that hip arthrosonography is a more accurate method for detecting hip-joint effusions than plain radiography; it may help select cases for hospital admission and should be performed before aspiration is attempted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A rational approach to the investigation of the gallbladder.

A technique for the investigation of suspected non-acute gallbladder disease is described. It is based on properly conducted oral cholecystography (OCG) augmented, when necessary, by ultrasonic examination of the gallbladder (UCG) during the patient's same visit. This regimen has been applied successfully for 5 years; the results of a recent year's work are presented and discussed. Only 12.2% of patients required both investigations and, using the OCG technique described, in only 1.1% of cases was the gallbladder inadequately opacified when subsequent UCG was normal. This approach involves no increase in work-load and provides the referring clinician with objective evidence of the presence or absence of disease following a single visit by the patient to the X-ray department.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Real time ultrasound scanning of the head in neonates and infants, including a correlation between ultrasound and computed tomography.

The results of ultrasound (US) head scans performed in a children's hospital over a 6 month period have been reviewed and correlated with the results of computed tomography (CT). Two hundred and twenty-four scans were performed on 141 children ranging in age from a few days to 18 months. The clinical indications with which these children were referred were: abnormal neurological symptoms or signs, screening for hydrocephalus in neural tube defects (NTD), enlarging heads, suspected intra-cranial haemorrhage (ICH) and its sequelae, suspected complications of meningitis, investigations of suspected syndromes and following trauma. Twenty-nine of these children also had CT scans. There was good correlation between the two examinations and in only one case (a subdural collection) was a serious abnormality missed by US. US head scanning has been found to be a very reliable technique. It is the initial investigation of choice for imaging the brain of neonates and infants and in many instances it is the only investigation necessary.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1985

A clinical trial of automatic gain control in abdominal ultrasound.

Large errors can occur with time gain compensation which is set up manually. These errors occur since basic time gain compensation usually assumes that the tissues being scanned are uniform. Automatic gain control has been somewhat neglected, probably due to a lack of clinical confirmation of its value and reliability. The trial of a commercial automatic gain control system in routine abdominal work has demonstrated that for 90% of patients it is capable of producing images as good as, or better than, the basic gain controls while involving the operator in fewer control manipulations.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1983

Progress in transrectal ultrasonography for prostatic disease.

The accuracy of ultrasonographic measurement of volumetric changes within the prostate was assessed using a hand-held transrectal probe. This was effected by comparing the ultrasonically calculated weight change following TURP with the measured weight of resected prostatic tissue in a group of 30 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. A high correlation was found (r = 0.978) in BPH, but potential difficulties were found in applying the method to the malignant prostate. In the 30 benign cases studied, ultrasound indicated the presence of calculi in 60% of patients and an echo pattern consistent with malignant tissue in 23%. These findings suggest a poor diagnostic accuracy for the technique.

Humans↗