PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S R Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to S R Wilson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Predicting AIDS deaths and prevalence in Australia.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a method for predicting deaths from, and the prevalence of, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Australia and to obtain ranges of projections for the next five years based on data observed to 30 September 1989 and reported by January 1990. The projections are important components of planning for future health-care needs. PATIENTS: All patients with AIDS in Australia who were known to the National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research. The data used in the analysis were date of diagnosis of AIDS, date of death if the patient had died, and State or Territory of diagnosis. RESULTS: For Australia as a whole, the doubling time of AIDS incidence changed from 0.83 years before mid 1987 to 4.34 years after that time. Five hundred and seventy patients were diagnosed with AIDS to 30 June 1987 of whom 487 had died by 30 September 1989 and the estimated mean survival time was 1.36 years. Of 1037 patients diagnosed with AIDS after June 1987, 352 had died and the estimated mean survival time was 2.42 years. Combining the estimated survival distribution with the projected new cases of AIDS, we forecast that there will be between 530 and 680 deaths from AIDS in Australia in the year mid 1991 to mid 1992. Estimated cumulative deaths to mid 1994 range from 3390 to 4250. We predict that there will be between 1370 and 1850 people living with AIDS during the year ending mid 1992, and that this number will increase to between 1760 and 2830 for the year ending mid 1994. We also predict that the prevalence of AIDS in New South Wales will lie between 820 and 1620 for the year ending mid 1994, and that the prevalence in Victoria will lie between 270 and 740 in the same year. CONCLUSIONS: Any value in the range of predictions for AIDS incidence we give is equally likely and there is good agreement with the data now observed from mid 1989 to mid 1990. The dramatic increase in the doubling time is the result of a number of factors predicted by epidemic theory and the availability of treatment, zidovudine in particular. Our estimates of deaths and prevalence have been influenced by the quality of the available death data. The observed number of deaths in the year mid 1989 to mid 1990 has exceeded the number forecast for that year. Substantial improvements in survival were associated with the introduction of zidovudine into clinical practice in mid 1987 but the death rate has risen rapidly again in the very recent past, possibly due to patients becoming increasingly refractory to treatment with zidovudine (before or after a diagnosis of AIDS). Our approach to forecasting can be adjusted to accommodate a transient effect of treatment as further data accumulate.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Structures of methyl 7-phenyldibenz[a,j]anthracene-14-carboxylate and methyl 7-phenylbenzo[1,2-h:5,4-h']diquinoline-14-carboxylate: twisted aromatic spacers containing bay-region esters.

C30H20O2, (1), Mr = 412.49, triclinic, P1 (Ci1), a = 11.301 (7), b = 12.069 (3), c = 9.777 (2) A, alpha = 96.12 (2), beta = 111.59 (4), gamma = 114.68 (3) degrees, V = 1072 (2) A3, Z = 2, Dx = 1.278 g cm-3, lambda(Mo K alpha) = 0.71073 A, mu = 0.73 cm-1, F(000) = 432, T = 299 K, final R = 0.065 for 1231 observed reflections. C28H18N2O2, (2), Mr = 414.46, monoclinic, I2/a (C2h6), a = 20.039 (10), b = 11.762 (8), c = 19.850 (5) A, beta = 117.61 (3) degrees, V = 4146 (8) A3, Z = 8, Dx = 1.328 g cm-3, lambda(Mo K alpha) = 0.71073 A, mu = 0.79 cm-1, F(000) = 1728, T = 298 K, final R = 0.048 for 1924 observed reflections. Aromatic system (1) is highly twisted (43 degrees from end to end) in a helical sense. Half of aromatic system (2) is nearly planar with the ester C atom, whereas the other half is twisted by ca 27 degrees for planarity.

Benz(a)Anthracenes↗
PubMed1992

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the porta hepatis after orthotopic liver transplantation: sonographic findings.

The sonographic appearances of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma developing in the porta hepatis in three patients soon after hepatic transplantation were reviewed. The lymphomas appeared as large hypoechoic masses encasing vital portal structures--the hepatic artery and the common bile duct--in all three cases and displacing the portal vein in two. The liver was only locally involved. All patients presented with jaundice soon after transplantation (average interval, 6.3 months). Rapid tumor progression caused hepatic infarction, necessitating retransplantation in two patients. The third patient died shortly after diagnosis. The authors believe this complication will be seen increasingly as liver transplantation becomes more common. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma should be considered when an obstructing mass is found in the porta hepatis, even when the time interval since transplantation is short.

Common Bile Duct↗
PubMed1992

Gastrointestinal sonography.

The contribution of routine gray-scale sonography in the gastrointestinal tract has been augmented by the addition of duplex Doppler and, more recently, color Doppler imaging. Many recent reports focus on the deep abdominal applications of these modalities. Although duplex tracing remains the basis of most diagnoses, the use of color Doppler imaging has facilitated the performance of these examinations. Endosonography performed with high-resolution transducers in the lumen of the gut is another exciting and expanding area. Staging of gastrointestinal tumors is the major application of this modality. Future sonographic developments include the promise of contrast agents.

Digestive System Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Sensitivity analyses for the backcalculation method of AIDS projections.

In Australia, AIDS is a notifiable disease and the data have been of a relatively high quality. In this article, the cases among Australian residents diagnosed by mid-1989 and reported by January 1990 are used to evaluate the sensitivity of estimates of numbers infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and of projections of numbers of new AIDS diagnoses to major uncertainties in the method of backcalculation. We find that the estimates and long-term projections are sensitive to all uncertainties, including the incubation period distribution, the new infection intensity distribution, and the level of data aggregation chosen for analysis. Further, we find the projection that is least sensitive to all uncertainties, namely AIDS diagnoses for the next year (mid-1989 to mid-1990), falls in a relatively narrow range that encompasses the number that had been reported by April 1991.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

Immunoprecipitation and opsonic cross-reaction between type-14 pneumococcus and group-B streptococcus type III.

Antisera directed against type-14 pneumococcus was opsonic for several strains of type-III group-B streptococcus. Furthermore, the polysaccharide antigen in the polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine reacted to form precipitation lines with antisera directed against type-14 pneumococcus and group-B streptococcus type III Immunisation with currently available pneumococcal vaccine may provide opsonic antibody against group-B streptococci and provide a method of preventing neonatal group-B streptococcal infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Selection for ethanol tolerance in two populations of Drosophila melanogaster segregating alcohol dehydrogenase allozymes.

Selection for ethanol tolerance was equally successful in two populations of D. melanogaster in both of which the frequency of AdhF was 0.5 at the start of the experiment. Increased tolerance to ethanol was not invariably associated with increased frequencies of AdhF. In one population alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was significantly higher in three of the four selected sublines compared with their controls but there was no difference in activity between the selected and control sublines in the second population. The level of ADH activity in the control and selected lines was significantly correlated with the frequency of AdhF, but not with ethanol tolerance. These results show that adaptation to environmental alcohols in populations of D. melanogaster can be independent of the ADH system.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1979

On the use of multiple thresholds for the determination of the mode of inheritance of semi-continuous traits.

In this article we reconsider the analysis proposed by Reich et al. (1972) for determining the mode of inheritance for semi-continuous traits from intrafamilial data. We consider both the (general) multifactorial and the single-locus model formulation. We show (numerically), by using a much improved numerical analysis technique for the parameter estimation, that there may be many single-locus models that could have given rise to a particular data set, dependent on its size and nature. Finally we question whether the use of monozygotic twins data, or data obtained from defining further levels of severity of the disease, would improve the discrimination between these two types of models.

Alleles↗
PubMed1979

Abdominal biopsy with ultrasound guidance.

The value of aspiration biopsy under ultrasound guidance has been demonstrated in 51 patients. The confirmation of malignancy, particularly, has allowed many patients the value of chemotherapy or a quiet demise, without the necessity for diagnostic laparotomy.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Renal pseudotumor due to gas-filled hepatic flexure.

Renal pseudotumors--both intrinsic and extrinsic--are numerous. On a recent urogram, performed with abdominal pressure and tomography, a mass lesion was simulated by the gas-filled colon. The problem was resolved with a combination of ultrasonography, nephrotomography, and barium enema examinations.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Radiologic, clinical and biochemical features of non-seminomatous testicular tumors.

Current therapy for metastatic non-seminomatous testis tumors is effective but toxic. Careful investigation is needed to select those who need treatment and yet avoid needless toxicity in patients who have no disease. Current radiographic investigations and measurement of two biochemical tumor markers (AFP & BHCG) provided accurate monitoring in 19 patients. Preoperative urography and lymphography correctly predicted the presence or absence of retroperitoneal metastases in 9 of 12 patients but did not show microsocpic metastases in 3. There was good correlation between the clinical, readiographic and biochemical evidence of disease progression and regression. Serial ultrasonography and tumor marker determinations were particularly useful in following asymptomatic abdominal metastases. Radiography and tumor marker determinations each have specific advantages which make them complementary.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

The correlation between estimates of familial frequencies.

For the determination of the mode of inheritance of a disease or disorder familial data is often used and is usually presented in frequency form. This data has usually been obtained from a single set of nuclear families and so the estimates of the frequencies in relatives of those affected are not independent of one another and this makes inference concerning the mode of inheritance difficult. The exact degree of the correlation between estimates is not easy to determine. In this paper expressions are derived for the asymptotic variances of estimates and for the covariances and correlations between the basic pairs of intrafamilial frequency estimates for families of a given structure, and the extension to families of different sizes and structures is outlined. It is shown that these correlations are not necessarily negligible and should be taken into consideration when testing hypotheses concerning the mode of inheritance.

Genetic Diseases, Inborn↗