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Biomedical subjects

S Rössner

Publications and source records attributed to S Rössner.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Energy intake and appetite are suppressed by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in obese men.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) for four hours, to normal weight and obese humans, decreases food intake and suppresses appetite. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an eight hour infusion of GLP-1 on appetite and energy intake at lunch and dinner in obese subjects. DESIGN: Randomised, blinded cross-over design with intravenous infusion of GLP-1 (0.75 pmol x kg(-1) min(-1)) or saline. SUBJECTS: Eight obese (body mass index, BMI, 45.5 +/- 2.3 kg/m2) male subjects. MEASUREMENTS: Ad libitum energy intake at lunch (12.00 h) and dinner (16.00 h) after an energy fixed breakfast (2.4 MJ) at 08.00 h. Appetite sensations using visual analogue scales, (VAS) immediately before and after meals and hourly in-between. Blood samples for the analysis of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1 and peptide YY. Gastric emptying after breakfast and lunch using a paracetamol absorption technique. RESULTS: Hunger ratings were significantly lower with GLP-1 infusion. The summed ad libitum energy intake at lunch and dinner was reduced by 1.7 +/- 0.5 MJ (21 +/- 6%) by GLP-1 infusion (P = 0.01). Gastric emptying was delayed by GLP-1 infusion, and plasma glucose concentrations decreased (baseline: 6.6 +/- 0.35 mmol/L; nadir: 5.3 +/- 0.15 mmol/L). No nausea was recorded during GLP-1 infusion. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that GLP-1 decreases feelings of hunger and reduces energy intake in obese humans. One possible mechanism for this finding might be an increased satiety primarily mediated by gastric vagal afferent signals.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Physical activity and prevention and treatment of weight gain associated with pregnancy: current evidence and research issues.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the evidence in the literature for a relationship between physical activity and weight development during and after pregnancy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the literature, mainly based on an extended MEDLINE search and the Pregnancy and Childbirth Database (Cochrane), was conducted. RESULTS: Weight development during pregnancy is the result of numerous interacting factors, with physical activity being one important determinant of weight outcome and eventually also overweight and obesity. Several methodological matters complicate the interpretation of the interrelationships: generally body weight and not fat has been measured, sociobehavioral confounders have rarely been accounted for, and the time frame to determine the effect of pregnancy on later weight development has been highly variable. Most studies concentrate on the role of physical activity, such as recreational activity and sports, on the safety of the pregnant mother and the fetus. The few studies that address the question of exercise and fat deposition found slightly a smaller increase in skinfold measures in pregnant women who exercised. Factors such as the self-selection of well-educated women under study and of normal body weight, as well as the lack of controls, limit the possibilities to which these results can be extrapolated. CONCLUSION: Little information is available on these issues and the quality of information is at most at the evidence type D level, according to the NHLBI classification system. Future research priorities include proper prospective control trials of this important aspect of an obesity preventing life style tool, as well as studies concerning the preventive effects of physical activity on weight retention after pregnancy, an issue not as yet addressed in the literature.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Effects of milk or water on lunch intake in preschool children.

In Sweden, milk and milk products are important sources of daily energy intake but the role of milk with preschool lunch meals has been debated frequently and water is often alternatively given today. We studied the effects of milk or water on lunch energy intake. Water or milk alternatively was served in a controlled, within-subject design on 12 occasions to 36 children aged 4-6 years, and energy intake was analysed at an individual level in three typical preschool lunches with a varying degree of preference among the children. When milk was given with the meals, a mean additional energy intake of 17% (p<0.0001) was found. The pattern was similar among boys and girls and irrespective of the lunch dish served. However, for the least preferred dish (fish with potatoes) milk helped to increase the energy intake by 26%. Physical activity measured as MET units (energy expenditure/body weight), atmosphere at the table as registered by a three-graded scale, and meal duration did not differ with meals or milk/water. Milk with preschool lunch meals seems to be a significant source of energy to achieve nutritional goals for this group of children.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

"Extravagances" during weight reduction, an analysis of food preference and selection.

As part of a behavioural modification programme for weight reduction in outpatients, obese clients [body mass index (BMI) 41.5+/-5.9 kg/m2], planned to eat once a week, an "extravagance", defined as a highly desired food in controlled quantities. Women (N=65) chose sweets as an "extravagance" more often than did men (42 vs. 17%), whereas men (N=21) preferred alcoholic beverages (44 vs. 16%). The majority described eating the "extravagance" as an enjoyable experience. Fifty out of 69 patients named a food dish as one of the three things that they liked best to eat or drink, 39 listed different kinds of sweets and 29 had a preference for alcoholic beverages. Foods that the patients perceived as a potential contribution to their weight problems were mainly sweets, food dishes and sandwiches.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Intermittent vs continuous VLCD therapy in obesity treatment.

The role of intermittent very low calorie diet (VLCD) in obesity treatment has received little attention. Since such programs can be carried out with limited medical resources, they may offer an additional therapeutic tool. In two studies the effects of 420 or 530 kcal of Nutrilett given daily to 40 and 61 patients [body mass index (BMI) 39.2 +/- 5.1 kg/m2 and 39.0 +/- 5.0 kg/m2, respectively], either continuously for six weeks or for three periods of two weeks with four weeks maintenance interval, were compared. Attrition and weight loss was similar in both groups after 14 and 26 weeks. Intermittent VLCD treatment seems to result in long term weight losses and compliance similar to those obtained by more continuous VLCD therapy. For some individuals less side effects would favour intermittent treatment, for others motivational factors support a more continuous VLCD treatment regimen.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

What is "obesity"--an analysis of referral letters to an obesity unit.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the quality of referral letters concerning obese patients from general practice and other specialities to an obesity unit. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of referral letters in 500 consecutive patient records. SETTING: Academic specialist obesity unit. RESULTS: Most letters came from general practice (70%), followed by internal medicine/endocrinology (12%). Information on body weight was missing in 13% of all referrals and on height in 24%. Waist circumference was mentioned in 1%. Relevant data substantiating possible comorbidities, in particular the metabolic syndrome, was missing in 92-97%. Relevant medication was indicated in 22% of the referrals. On a 3-point, graded global evaluation scale of the referral quality, only 7% of all letters were found to be 'ideal'. CONCLUSION: The low professional quality of these referrals may reflect the fact that physicians find the term 'obesity' enough to warrant the referral without further specifications. An alternative explanation for the inadequate referrals is the well documented negative attitude of physicians, who consider obesity as sloth and as a self-inflicted condition, not necessitating further medical details.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Obesity--as seen by the patient and his family.

Competence to treat obesity will become necessary for many physicians, particularly general practitioners (GPs), once new treatment strategies including drug treatment regimens and combinations have been adopted. This report describes the development of a training tool consisting of a videotape in five sections, an audience-driven interactive keypad system and a slide programme. These components can be combined in different ways and used for various audiences such as physicians, students and healthcare workers, but also for patients and relatives. The programme could also be used to assess educational progress. Seeing, in a realistic way, the situation of the obese patient and his environment may make physicians more willing to realise their commitment towards this group of patients whose needs for support and recognition have generally been neglected by the medical profession.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1998

Childhood obesity and adulthood consequences.

The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide both for adults and children. Although obesity has underlying genetic causes, possibly explaining about 50% of the body weight variation, the dramatic recent increase must be due to behavioural reasons. Lifestyle questions must be addressed if new preventive and treatment strategies are to be developed. Since many obese children grow into obese adults with high risks for complications and a low quality of life, more aggressive treatment methods for the obese child could be envisaged.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Glucagon-like peptide 1 increases the period of postprandial satiety and slows gastric emptying in obese men.

The gut peptide glucagon-like peptide 1(7-36) amide (GLP-1) is released into the circulation after food intake. GLP-1 has been shown to have an incretin effect and inhibits gastrointestinal motility in humans. In rats, intracerebral administration of GLP-1 results in reduced food intake. Obese humans have been found to have an attenuated plasma GLP-1 response to a mixed meal. To approximate the physiologic state, GLP-1 or saline was administered intravenously and randomly at the beginning of a test meal served on a universal eating monitor to 6 obese subjects to test our hypothesis that GLP-1 influences termination of food intake (and thus food intake during a meal) and feelings of satiety in humans. As a marker for gastric emptying, 1.5 g acetaminophen was given at the start of the meal. Blood samples for analysis of acetaminophen, insulin, glucose, glucagon, and C-peptide were obtained. Hunger, fullness, and food choice were assessed with visual analogue scales and food-choice questionnaires. GLP-1 infusion resulted in a prolonged period of reduced feelings of hunger, desire to eat, and prospective consumption after the meal. The rate of gastric emptying was slower during infusion of GLP-1. Postprandial blood glucose concentrations were reduced during the GLP-1 infusion, but the amount of energy consumed, eating rate, and plasma concentrations of insulin, glucagon, and C-peptide were unchanged. GLP-1 given exogenously at the start of a meal did not seem to affect meal termination or the amount of food eaten. However, postprandial feelings of hunger decreased, suggesting that exogenous GLP-1 may influence feelings of hunger and satiety in humans.

Adult↗