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Biomedical subjects

S Rössner

Publications and source records attributed to S Rössner.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Factors related to body weight changes during and after pregnancy: the Stockholm Pregnancy and Weight Development Study.

The Stockholm Pregnancy and Weight Development Study is a prospective study of body weight changes in women, whose maternity unit charts were reviewed and who were then invited for a 1-year follow-up, including weigh-in sessions and questionnaires on dietary habits, physical activity and socio-demographic factors. Total weight gain during pregnancy was related to weight gain already during the first trimester. Women reporting previous weight cycling had slightly higher weight gain during pregnancy. Successful return towards pre-pregnancy weight was found more often in women with regular breakfast and lunch habits. Lactation had only a small effect on weight loss after delivery, independent of eating habits. Lack of physical activity was more common in women who had low lactation scores. Twenty-eight percent reported an increased interest in sweets during pregnancy; these women increased 1 to 2 kg more than others in weight during pregnancy. Postpartum weight retention was more affected by lifestyle changes during and after pregnancy than by factors before pregnancy.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed1996

The Gustaf study: repeated, telephone-administered 24-hour dietary recalls of obese and normal-weight men--energy and macronutrient intake and distribution over the days of the week.

OBJECTIVE: A dietary survey of obese and control men was conducted through 24-hour dietary recalls administered by telephone at 12 times selected randomly over a period of 3 months. Energy and macronutrient intake and distribution were studied for all days of the week. SUBJECTS: Eighty-six obese men, 20 to 60 years old, body mass index (BMI) = 37.7 +/- 4.4 (mean +/- standard deviation) from the waiting list of the outpatient clinic and 6I normal-weight (BMI = 23.0 +/- 1.9), age-matched men selected randomly from the Stockholm County Census Bureau. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Energy and macronutrient intake, intakes by energy tertiles, and distribution over the days of the week. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Nonparametric tests were used because of skewed distribution of most food data. RESULTS: A median daily energy intake of 2,700 kcal was found in both groups. The obese men reported a higher protein (P < .001) and a lower alcohol (P < .001) intake than the control subjects. Both groups reported a maximum intake of energy and macronutrients on Saturdays. When separated into tertiles according to reported energy intake, the obese men in tertile 3 reported a higher intake from fat (% energy, P < .001) and a lower intake from protein (P < .01) compared with men in tertile 1. Normal-weight men intertile 3 reported a higher intake fat (% energy, P < .01) compared with men intertile 1. CONCLUSIONS: When reported energy intake was compared with calculated total daily energy expenditure, there was a greater discrepancy in the obese group than in the control group. The normal-weight men may have had a special interest in food and health, and this group may not reflect the population at large.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Energy intake in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis.

OBJECTIVES: To compare patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with those on haemodialysis (HD) regarding food composition and energy intake. DESIGN: Prospective food recording during 5 consecutive days. SETTING: Nephrology section at a University hospital. SUBJECTS: Fifteen patients on CAPD and 15 patients on HD, matched for age, gender, duration of dialysis and body mass index (BMI). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Percentage macronutrient energy composition, with and without inclusion of transperitoneal glucose uptake. Daily energy intake, both total and from the different macronutrients. RESULTS: The percentage contribution of the dietary macronutrients to the energy intake was about the same in the two dialysis groups, although the actual energy intake in CAPD patients was lower from all three macronutrients (P = 0.02-0.04). The mean intraperitoneal glucose load in CAPD patients was 159 g day-1, which is approximately equivalent to 2700 kJ. Inclusion of this additional energy (estimated uptake: 70% of the intraperitoneal energy load = 19% of total energy intake) significantly increased the carbohydrate fraction and decreased the protein and fat fractions (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, this inclusion resulted in almost identical values for total energy intake in the two groups (approximately 144 kJ kg-1 day-1) and, in CAPD patients, a significantly higher actual energy contribution from carbohydrates (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Transperitoneal energy intake more than compensates for the lower oral dietary energy intake seen in CAPD patients. Nevertheless, the level of total energy intake places both patient groups in the risk zone for developing malnutrition.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Gastroesophageal reflux in obese patients is not reduced by weight reduction.

BACKGROUND: The present study tested the hypothesis that weight reduction improves the subjective and objective manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux. METHODS: Twenty obese patients with gastroesophageal reflux as shown by 24-h pH measurement and with symptoms requiring daily medication were studied. The patients were randomized into a group (A) treated with very low-caloric diet (VLCD) and a control group (B). Objective measurements were repeated after 6 months. Group B was then treated with VLCD and reexamined. RESULTS: Patients in group A lost 10.8 +/- 1.4 kg whereas group B gained 0.6 +/- 0.7 kg (P < 0.001). There was no reduction in reflux according to pH measurement. Furthermore, there were no significant changes in reflux symptoms. After VLCD treatment, group B lost 9.7 +/- 1.6 kg, but reflux indicators remained unchanged. All patients except one in group B remained dependent on daily anti-reflux medication. CONCLUSION: Weight reduction does not improve the subjective or objective manifestations of reflux.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed1996

[The wine merchant as weight watcher].

Berry Brothers & Rudd Ltd are a company of wine merchants, based in central London, with traditions dating from the 18th century. From the beginning the company traded in colonial goods. This required a pair of scales. Buying coffe became an opportunity for a weighing session for the customers and over the years since 1765 weight records from the British nobility and gentry are available in seven leatherbound ledgers. Several interesting weight histories can be documented by the study of these well kept records. They illustrate that there was a need to measure body weight, long before the association between relative body weight and health had become clear.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1996

Effects of weight loss on single meal eating behaviour in obese subjects.

In 22 obese patients the eating pattern during a single meal as evaluated by the universal eating monitor VIKTOR was assessed after one year of treatment, initially with VLCD (Nutrilett) followed by combined long term diet, exercise and behavioural modification, underscoring the importance of appropriate meal habits. A mean weight loss from 117 to 101 kg was achieved. Before treatment a decelerated eating curve was found; after treatment this curve changed significantly towards a flatter and more linear shape.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Obesity and self-perceived health in Sweden.

Data on self-perceived health in relation to relative body weight from the nationally representative adult Swedish population (12988 men and 13414 women) obtained from Statistics Sweden were analysed. The results are adjusted for age, socio-economic groups, self-reported chronic disease and marital status. Obesity was associated with 40% higher prevalence of severe pains from several joints in men and women and higher consumption of analgetics (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.2, in men, OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.6-2.3, in women). Overweight and more often obese subjects reported physical impairment and in particular reduced mobility (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.5 in obese men and OR = 2.4, 95% CI 2.0-2.9 in obese women). Intake of vitamins was 20-40% significantly lower in overweight and obese than in normal weight subjects; the intake of iron pills was 60% lower in obese women. Dental status was worse in overweight and obese subjects. Dentures were found more often in overweight (OR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.3-1.7) and obese women (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.9-2.7) in comparison to those with normal weight. Underweight was associated with adverse self-perceived health with regard to all these indicators. Our findings suggest that already moderate overweight in particular in women results in reduced mobility and physical impairment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Taste acuity in patients with chronic renal failure.

Taste acuity for the four primary tastes has previously been shown to be impaired in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and maintenance dialysis treatment, although data on CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) patients are insufficient. In a test group of 57 CRF patients and 57 healthy controls, matched for age, sex and body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) taste acuity for the four primary tastes was determined. Fourteen patients were on CAPD treatment and 12 patients on hemodialysis (HD). No patients or controls were diabetic, on antibiotic treatment or had a malignant disease. Taste tests were standardized and performed on dialysis-free days for HD-patients. Taste acuity for bitter and salt was significantly lower for preuremic patients compared to their controls. In CAPD-patients taste detection of bitter was impaired and in HD-patients detection of salty taste was impaired. In conclusion taste acuity is impaired in uremic patients and dialysis patients including CAPD. The mechanism for taste alterations remain to be explained.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Regulation of lipolysis in fat cells of obese women during long-term hypocaloric diet.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of four weeks treatment with a strictly defined very low calorie diet (VLCD) on the regulation of adipocyte matabolism in vitro in subcutaneous fat cells of obese subjects. DESIGN: Prospective study. SUBJECTS: Nine obese, but otherwise healthy and drug-free women aged 26-48 years with BMI 36.4-51.9 kg/m2 were investigated before and during the fourth week on a calorie restricted diet. MEASUREMENTS: A subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy was obtained from the abdominal area. Isolated fat cells were prepared and incubated in vitro with different agents acting on lipolysis at defined steps in the lipolytic cascade. Glycerol (lipolytic index), hormone-sensitive lipase activity and incorporation of glucose into lipids were measured. RESULTS: VLCD caused a two-fold rise in basal lipolysis (p < 0.005). In spite of this, the maximal lipolytic response of noradrenaline, isoprenaline (non-selective beta-adrenoceptor agonist), dobutamine (beta 1-adrenoceptor agonist), terbutaline (beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist), CGP 12177 (beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist), forskolin (stimulating adenylyl cyclase), dibuturyl cyclic AMP and 8-bromo cyclic AMP (cyclic AMP analogues resistant or sensitive to phosphodiesterase, respectively) were maintained. No differences were found in the hormone-sensitive lipase activity before or during VLCD. The specific alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist UK 14304 was equally effective in inducing antilipolysis both before and during calorie restriction. However, during VLCD, the sensitivity and maximal antilipolytic effect of insulin were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) and the ability of insulin to stimulate lipogenesis was almost completely blunted. CONCLUSIONS: Four weeks of VLCD induced elevated basal lipolysis, a resistance to the ability of insulin to induce antilipolysis and lipogenesis in subcutaneous fat cells, but preserved lipolytic catecholamine action. These are factors that together promote fat mobilization and thereby weight reduction during long-term calorie restriction.

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1996

Meal patterns in obese and normal weight men: the 'Gustaf' study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the reported meal patterns between obese and normal weight men. DESIGN: A dietary survey, by means of 12 repeated telephone-administered 24-hour dietary recalls, was conducted in obese and normal weight men. The study period was three months with all seven days of the week included. The contribution of intake types to the reported daily energy intake (EI) was studied as well as the circadian distribution of EI and the reported number of intakes. SUBJECTS: 86 obese men (BMI 37.7 +/- 4.4 kg/m2, mean +/- SD) from the waiting list of the outpatient clinic completed the study altogether with 61 normal weight men (BMI 23.0 +/- 1.9 kg/m2), randomly selected from the Stockholm County Census Bureau. All men were 20-60 years old. RESULTS: Results were analyzed for Group A = all men who completed the study and for Group B = the men who exceeded the CUT-OFF 1 limit for energy intake (reasonably true report as defined by Goldberg). The obvious under-reporters amounted to 73% of the obese and to 28% of the normal weight men. The meal patterns were similar for the obese and the normal weight men. The greatest contributors to EI in both groups were cooked meals, sandwich meals, snacks and breakfast-like meals. The circadian eating pattern was mainly the same in both obese and normal weight men. The reported number of intakes was 5.3 (median) per day in all obese men vs 5.6 in all the controls (P = 0.02), and in Group B 5.3 s 5.9 (P = 0.16) intakes. No specific "obese eating style' could be detected in this study.

Adult↗