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Biomedical subjects

S Rabin

Publications and source records attributed to S Rabin.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Peroneal nerve palsy and compartment syndrome in bilateral femoral fractures.

Four patients with bilateral femoral shaft fractures sustained 4 peroneal nerve palsies and 2 compartment syndromes during supine intramedullary nailings of their fractures. In each case, the compartment syndrome or common peroneal nerve palsy or both developed in the leg that was placed initially in the calf-supported leg holder during intramedullary rodding of the contralateral femur. Three of 4 patients had near to full recovery of motor strength postoperatively. The authors recommend that a leg with a fractured femur not be positioned in a calf-supported leg holder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Neurotrophin-induced trk receptor phosphorylation and cholinergic neuron response in primary cultures of embryonic rat brain neurons.

Tyrosine phosphorylation of trk type neurotrophin receptors in primary cultures of embryonic rat brain cells was studied by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. In cultures containing basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, but not in cultures of cerebral cortex, nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment for 4 min induced tyrosine phosphorylation of trk family proteins. Stimulation with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), resulted in a very robust phosphorylation signal in basal forebrain and cortical cultures, suggesting actions of these neurotrophins not only on cholinergic cells but probably on most embryonic brain neurons. Trk tyrosine phosphorylation was completely abolished by 5 microM K-252b. Inhibition was rapid, being evident by 30 s following addition of the drug. Corresponding stimulatory and inhibitory effects were seen for phospholipase-C gamma 1 (PLC gamma 1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (Erk1), two enzymes involved in second messenger mechanisms. Our findings indicate involvement of trk receptor activation in the NGF response of basal forebrain cholinergic cells and provide evidence for widespread presence of BDNF and NT-3 responsive neurons in the embryonic brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

K-252b selectively potentiates cellular actions and trk tyrosine phosphorylation mediated by neurotrophin-3.

K-252b, a protein kinase inhibitor, has been shown earlier to inhibit nerve growth factor actions on cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain. In the present study, K-252b was found to prevent trophic actions of two other neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin-3, on central cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons, peripheral sensory neurons, and PC12 pheochromocytoma cells, when used at greater than 2 microM concentration. Comparable actions of nonneurotrophin growth factors were not affected. Surprisingly, at 0.1-100 nM, K-252b selectively enhanced the trophic action of neurotrophin-3 on central cholinergic neurons, peripheral sensory neurons, and PC12 cells. In PC12 cells, K-252b potentiated the neurotrophin-3-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of trk, a protein kinase responsible for transmitting neurotrophin signals. Of the three structurally related nerve growth factor inhibitors, K-252a, K-252b, and staurosporine, only the first two also mediated neurotrophin-3 potentiation. These findings indicate that K-252b generally and selectively potentiates the neurotrophic action of neurotrophin-3 and suggest that this action involves trk-type neurotrophin receptors.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

A new method for reconstitution of highly fusogenic Sendai virus envelopes.

A new way for reconstituting highly fusogenic Sendai virus envelopes is described. As opposed to previously described methods, in the present one the detergent (Triton X-100) is removed by direct addition of SM-2 Bio-beads to the detergent solubilized mixture of the viral phospholipids and glycoproteins, thus avoiding the long dialysis step. The vesicles obtained in the present work resemble, in their composition, size and features, envelopes of intact Sendai virus particles. The present method allows the enclosure of low and high molecular weight material within the reconstituted viral envelopes.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1984

Radiotherapy and surgery in the management of stage IB and IIA carcinoma of the cervix.

Ninety-two consecutive patients with stages IB and IIA carcinoma of the cervix were treated by one of two regimens: pre-operative intracavitary caesium-137 followed by a Wertheim hysterectomy (group 1) or staging laparotomy with biopsy of suspicious lymph nodes (group 2) (if there was no evidence of tumour on examination of a frozen section of the lymph nodes a Wertheim hysterectomy was performed, but if a tumour was present the abdomen was closed and a course of radical irradiation given). When there was evidence of extracervical spread on examination of the specimen after the Wertheim hysterectomy, postoperative irradiation was given. It was found that clinical staging had been incorrect in 38,5% of patients thought to have stage IB disease and in 71,4% of those thought to have stage IIA disease. The actuarial survival curves showed no significant statistical difference between group 1 and group 2. When examination of the operative specimen showed tumour invasion of the parametrium only, the disease was well controlled by postoperative irradiation (all 7 such patients survived). On the other hand, when there was evidence of tumour invasion of pelvic lymph nodes the 4-year survival rate fell to 31% (4 out of 13 patients), despite the use of postoperative irradiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Late metastases of ovarian carcinoma. A case report.

In cases of ovarian carcinoma distant metastases are rarely discovered before local spread has become evident. This article reports an unusual case in which renal metastases appeared 9 years after the initial diagnosis of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. A discussion of the histological features of the tumour and the spread of ovarian carcinoma is included.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A visual field screening protocol for glaucoma.

In this prospective evaluation of the reliability and efficiency of an optimized visual field screening protocol for glaucoma, we tested 145 eyes (73 patients) with increased intraocular pressures to determine the location of early glaucomatous visual field defects. The field examination, which was used as a control, and protocol testing were performed on a manual Goldmann perimeter using kinetic and suprathreshold static techniques, respectively. Of the 145 eyes tested, kinetic Goldmann perimetry detected 43 eyes with glaucomatous defects. The screening protocol detected 39 defective eyes. There were four false-negative tests and one false-positive test. The false-negative rate of just under 10% was within the range predicted from earlier data. The computer-generated optimal protocols performed as predicted and provided an excellent screening technique for the detection of early glaucomatous visual field defects.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1978

Mathematical optimization of glaucoma visual field screening protocols.

There is potential for significantly shortening the time required for visual field screening protocols by a precise specification of the number, exact location, and sequence of points to be tested. Through statistical and mathematical methods, protocols have been developed for maximizing the probability of detecting at least one visual field defect in a subject who is a risk for early glaucomatous field loss. The mathematical formulation was derived in a generalized manner so that it could be applied to most kinetically or statically determined visual field screening methods.

Glaucoma↗