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Biomedical subjects

S Rabinowitz

Publications and source records attributed to S Rabinowitz.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Immunocytochemical characterization of the endocytic and phagolysosomal compartments in peritoneal macrophages.

We have used endocytic and phagocytic tracers in an EM immunocytochemical study to define the compartments of the phagocytic and endocytic pathways in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Endocytosed BSA-gold appeared successively in early endosomes, spherical endosomal vesicles, a late endosomal tubuloreticular compartment (TC), and terminal lysosomes. The TC appeared as an elaborate structure enriched for the lysosomal membrane glycoproteins Lamp 1 and Lamp 2, and expressing significant levels of rab7, a late endosome-specific GTP-binding protein. The cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor was restricted to specialized regions of the TC that were predominantly adjacent to the Golgi complex. Both the early endosome and the TC had coated bud structures whose composition and function are presently unknown. Phagolysosomes containing latex beads expressed the same membrane antigens and received endocytic tracers simultaneously with the TC. Since the membrane surrounding both organelles was also in direct continuity, we assume that both structures form one functional compartment. Macrosialin, an antigen confined to macrophages and dendritic cells, was heavily expressed in TC and phagolysosomal membranes with low levels being detected in other endosomal compartments and on the cell surface. Treatment of cells with wheat germ agglutinin drastically altered the morphology of the TC, giving rise to sheets of tightly adherent membrane and greatly expanded vesicles, in which cell-associated wheat germ agglutinin was concentrated. The spherical endosomal carrier vesicles loaded with internalized gold tracers clustered nearby, often making contact without fusing. Since the delivery of endocytic tracer to the TC was significantly delayed these experiments suggest that the lectin is somehow preventing the endosome vesicles from fusing with the TC. Collectively, our data argue first that the PLC is equivalent to the "tubular lysosomes" commonly described in macrophages, and second that the meeting of the phagocytic and endocytic pathway occurs in this compartment.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The belief in the transmigration of souls: psychotherapy of a Druze patient with severe anxiety reaction.

In this paper the culture-sensitive psychotherapy of a 19-year-old Druze patient with severe anxiety reaction is described. The patient explained his anxiety and his symptoms as stemming from violent death in his former life and subsequent transmigration. The therapists joined the patient's explanatory model and previous traditional healing, adding hypnotic suggestion which relieved the symptoms. The relationship of patient symptomatology to cultural background, multiple personality disorder, possession and dissociation is discussed. The strategic combination of culture-specific and modern psychiatric approaches is advocated in similar cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Personal determinants of leisure-time exercise activities.

This study investigated the importance of personal determinants such as self-efficacy, beliefs about the contribution of exercise, health locus of control, and dispositional optimism for leisure-time exercise in a working population. The main predictors of such exercise were beliefs and self-efficacy with the generalization of the latter to eat correctly. Beliefs and efficacy expectations were highly correlated. Neither health locus of control nor dispositional optimism was related to leisure-time exercise; however, optimism was related to the positive belief that exercise contributes to health. Ramifications of the findings were carefully described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

True conversive hallucinations.

A case of true conversive hallucinations in a 19-year-old female soldier is described. This phenomenon is rare and should be distinguished from psychotic or dissociative states.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Physicians' detection of psychological distress in primary-care clinics.

This study investigated the amount of psychological distress reported by 182 soldiers in the Israeli military and compared soldiers' self-ratings of distress with ratings by military physicians of observed distress. Comparisons indicated a low detection rate by physicians with only 13% of self-reported cases of emotional distress identified. This and several related findings were taken to indicate shortcomings in medical care. Possible remedies include additional psychiatric training for military physicians, less frequent rotation of physicians to allow for more stable care, and the initiation of mental health education among soldiers.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Measuring psychological stress in primary care military medical clinics.

In this study, the amount of psychological distress reported by soldiers is investigated and measured over time. The soldiers--enlisted and career--were randomly chosen while visiting five different military primary care clinics (for ostensible somatic problems) and administered the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg and Huxley, 1980). A third of the subjects were given the GHQ a year later. Fifty-two percent showed psychological stress: combat soldiers showed considerably less distress than technical/maintenance and administrative soldiers, and the psychological stress findings remained relatively stable over time. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Debate reawakened: premorbid factors for soldiers with refractory posttraumatic stress disorder.

Soldiers with severe Posttraumatic Stress Disorder who did not respond favourably to the front echelon treatment units, were treated in a rear echelon treatment centre, named Combat Fitness Retraining Unit, an alternative to psychiatric hospitalization. The soldiers were given individual clinical interviews; their combat potential scores were measured to tap premorbid factors which may have contributed to the development of symptoms. Analysis indicated that (1) in the clinical interview subjects showed clear interpersonal, school, family, and army adjustment problems prior to the trauma, (2) soldiers with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder treated in the rear unit tended to come from the lower end of the military combat potential level. Ramifications of these findings were carefully elucidated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Detection of herpes viral genomes in normal and diseased corneal epithelium.

Herpetic ocular disease is one of the major causes of corneal blindness. Clinical diagnosis of corneal disease is based principally on corneal appearance. However, abnormal morphology of the corneal epithelium (CE) is not an indicator for the presence of a herpes virus. Further, it has not been established if herpes viruses are present in normal corneal epithelial tissue. In these studies, the polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate normal and diseased corneal epithelium for the presence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) genomic sequences. Thirty-two normal corneal epithelium specimens obtained from cadavers shortly after death were analyzed for HSV-1, EBV and CMV genomic sequences. Three of the 32 normal CE specimens were positive for amplified EBV DNA, 1 was positive for HSV-1 DNA, and none was positive for CMV DNA. We also tested eight herpetic dendritic lesions of which 3 were HSV-1 culture and PCR positive. The remaining five dendritic lesions were HSV-1 culture and PCR negative. Since these lesions were not evaluated for other herpesviruses, the etiology of these dendritic lesions is unknown. Six corneal epithelium samples from HIV-infected donors were negative for EBV, CMV and HSV-1 amplified sequences. Positive EBV, CMV and HSV-1 serology on all normal donors and on donors with clinically apparent disease did not correlate with positive PCR results. The results of these studies suggest that EBV and HSV-1 DNA can be amplified from a small percentage of apparently normal corneal epithelium.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The effect of diagnosis and educational level on therapists' treatment decisions in a regional psychiatric outpatient clinic.

The aim of this study was to investigate a random sample of psychiatric patients referred for treatment at a psychiatric out-patient unit with the purpose of evaluating their demographic structure, epidemiological data, therapist's decision-making process and the interaction between these factors. Positive correlations were found between diagnosis and variables connected to therapeutic decisions. Variables associated with therapeutic decision were found to be influenced by diagnosis at intake as well as by educational status of the patient. Other findings and possible explanations for correlations observed are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Collaboration and mental health education for military primary care physicians.

This paper highlights the diverse ways in which army mental health specialists can intervene as therapists, consultants and supervisors to the primary care physician and his team. Various consultation and collaboration approaches are described, as well as the need for army medical staff to participate in ongoing mental health training workshops.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1989

Differential expression of membrane sialoglycoproteins in exudate and resident mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) has been used to define biochemical differences between exudate and resident macrophages in the peritoneal cavity of mice. Western blotting with 125I-WGA identifies a restricted set of glycoproteins in elicited peritoneal macrophages (M phi) (recruited with thioglycollate or periodate) and fully activated M phi (recruited with live Bacille Calmette-Guérin, or heat-killed Corynebacterium parvum); the major species migrates with Mr 89-115 kDa in 10% acrylamide gels. These glycoproteins are not detected in resident peritoneal M phi, nor in thymocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and a variety of non-M phi cell lines. The binding of WGA is sensitive to neuraminidase, which exposes binding sites on these proteins for peanut agglutinin and reduces their electrophoretic mobility; these features are typical of O-linked sialo-oligosaccharides. In culture, exudate M phi increase their WGA-binding content over 48 h, and continue to display a phenotype distinct from that of resident peritoneal M phi. The stable differential expression of these sialoglycoproteins, by elicited and activated versus resident peritoneal M phi, suggests that biochemical modification during the synthesis and expression of membrane glycoproteins accompanies M phi recruitment to an inflammatory focus.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The dangerous psychiatric patient. Part III: Long-term treatment and management and responsibility considerations.

Physicians from various medical specialties have the opportunity to encounter once in a while a dangerous psychiatric patient, an encounter which in many cases generates confusion and embarrassment. An attempt is made to identify the typical characteristics of such a patient, and to give some practical guidance to the physician 'in the field'. A number of examples of management of dangerous or even violent patients is presented. The objective of this contribution is to increase awareness of this issue, even among non-psychiatric medical personnel. Part III deals with long-term treatment and management of dangerous psychiatric patients and responsibility issues.

Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗