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Biomedical subjects

S Radin

Publications and source records attributed to S Radin.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Biology and surgery: a bound pair or merely a couple of disciplines? (3)].

In the following reports two main problems are questioned by the Authors. To start with, a sharp distinction is made between the so-called "theoretical physiology" and the "actual" use of the physiological functions adopted by the single man and woman. The second question is concerned with the biological consistency of the different surgical approaches. In the neoplastic treatments, surgeon can draw a conclusion that goes behind the single therapeutic event casting over other different areas of the surgery itself. To answer this second question by no means represents the solution of the aimed goal, on the contrary it is the starting-line towards a surgery, which, having left behind his old, obsolete, but pompous garments, does wear those, which, apparently shabby, are, on the other hand, enriched of many lapels, such as those naturally offered by the self-healing behaviour.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

[The story of oxygen. (3)].

This last part of the oxygen story seems to stray from the line followed till now, and contradict itself, by electing ATP instead of oxygen as its protagonist. Yet, of course, this deviation is only apparent: in reality the hypoxanthine, which is at the basis of the production of superoxide, during the post-ischemic perfusion, is just a catabolic product of the intercellular reserves of ATP, pillaged by the ischemia itself. The attempts to resolve the ischemia and cellular anoxia through the supply, added to the volemic and respiratory reintegration, of performed packets of energy, such as ATP with MgCl2, FDP, etc., cannot be unimportant for traumatologist surgeon, accustomed to face the multiform physiopathologic facets of the shock. Although the flattering results tend to increase, some doubts remain about the effectiveness of such measures, especially ATP, and someone also suggests possible negative effects, partly framed in the well known and complex consequences of the "drug" on the cardiovascular dynamics, partly put forth by its not enough defined metabolic outline. Evidently, the way of the straight energetic supply, which, undoubtedly, represents the fulfillment of a "mirage" of release, at least partially, and in critical situations, from oxygen, although still long and burdened with problems, is also, decidedly, suggestive with promises. It seems surgeon, the true protagonist of such investigations, wants to seek a new dimension in them, being aware, and transplantations supplied an exemplary lesson in such sense, the biologic language is congenial to him, as it is high time.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1985

[The other face of oxygen (1)].

The other face this two-faced Janus, the oxygen, allows us, by now, to see dimly is the bad, aggressive one shown by its free radicals, should they escape the respiratory machine, or, rather, should they follow the respiratory explosion of leucocytes and macrophage, or the same compromission of the cellular structure. The antioxidative mechanisms, although articulate and quibbled, appear inadequate, also because the oxygen radicals are formed on the outer side of the cellular membrane, and, just in the intercellular space, the defensive protections are extremely poor. If lung deserves a particular status, being the usual point of aggression by the oxygen radicals: here, these active metabolites are produced by its macrophage, but also by its endothelial cells, especially in conditions of hyperoxy; all organs and segments are their targets. Besides the immediate results, which are also caused by oxidizers having a long half-life, there are mediate results, essentially rotating around the arachidonic acid, a sort of multiplicating pin, with its products of the cyclooxygenase line (thromboxane A2, endoperoxides, prostacyclins) and the lipoxygenase line (the wide range of leukotrienes). But not even this "free body", in a position to escape, provided it wants so, the enzymatic control, seems inclined to free itself, what attenuates its bad face, from a basic rule in animal biology, that is, "negative feedback".

Arachidonic Acids↗
PubMed1985

[Biology and surgery: a team of disciplines or merely two disciplines? (1)].

The present work questions itself about the "ideal" relation between biology and surgery, the necessarily bloody arm of medicine, namely, of that science man has been preparing, parallel with his culture, to enrich the wideness of the defensive slope of his biologic curriculum. Does the instructiveness, we were accustomed to by the university route, give a satisfactory answer? Does not the preparation of a biologic basis seem nearly the arrangement of a compulsory stage, from which to subsequently deviate also in name of technology and by means of same? Surgery can draw advantages or disadvantages from such a way? In the oncologic field it represented the introduction to the anatomical and mechanistic principles which inspired Halsted's thought about radical intervention. At the same time, a sort of dam against the biologic questions was built. Yet, to-day the first leaks occurred, and through them biology prepares itself to flood into surgery, more and more massively.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1985

[The story of oxygen (1)].

The writers, in this first part of the oxygen story, intend availing themselves of a language different from the biochemists' initiatory one in dealing with the physiopathological presuppositions of what can be generically defined as oxygen pathology, and propose it in a guise more legible by clinicians. This, as the "oxygen pathology" in the latest years lost its sectorial nature, whereby it was only matter of resuscitators, accustomed to fight against the syndrome of oxygen toxicity stress, and assumed a new dimension, almost totalizing, being inclusive of the most various situations, although rotating around a sole pin, that is, the cellular injury, either originated from a vascular disconnection and subsequent reperfusion, or finding its initial moment in the shock, in the phlogosis, or in a situation of stress, or finding a regenerative, degenerative, mutagenic cause, etc etc. The role played by many of such conditions in traumatologic surgery represented the element justifying the Authors' interest in this topic, expressly faced in "lay" key, as, almost provocatively, the title intends emphasizing, whereas it suggests the ambiguous aspect of oxygen.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

[The story of oxygen (2)].

The authors, in this second part of the oxygen story, resolutely cross the borders of the biophysical field, and face the origins and becoming of life, the stages of which are synthesized in "casket" terms, unusual for surgeons: "protobionts", "procariots", "cyanobacteria", "chlorophyll", "caroteonides", "fermentation", "anaerobic glycolysis", "eucariots", "respiratory chain", "mitocondria". This is not an unconventional biological exercise, but the effort to give clinics a more legible ground, a sort of common denominator of the most different pathologies, and, among these ones, at the first place, just those of the specialistic branch, also less frequenter of biology, that is, surgery. This common denominator, the oxygen radicals represent the emerging apex of, like the peak of an iceberg, in fact, can be only investigated through an exasperated "philogenetic" recovering. Such process of "archaeology" seems to be the only suitable to supply us the cipher-key of the ambiguous, shifty character of oxygen, and entrust us with a cultural patrimony being unique as it is spendable in an immediate clinical future.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1985

[The other face of oxygen (2)].

The authors, in this second part of "The other face of Oxygen", pay attention no more to O2, the "untrustworthy" protagonist of oxidation, but to the opposite side, namely the "physiologic" antioxidative protections. Such antioxidative protections, which were being prepared and improved in cell, in interstices and in organic liquids, during millions of pears, perhaps represent the "most true" witness of the always "traumatic" cohabitation between organisms, although eukaryote, and oxygen. This, after all, in spite of the evolutive push, remained an element "foreign" to life, although, paradoxically, first protagonist of it. Similarly, "singularly foreign" appear mitochondria, namely the forges specifically entrusted with the respiratory metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Prevention of infection in thyroid surgery].

The Authors remark the clear infections are rare in thyroid surgery, whereas rather frequent are the light phlogistic forms, appearing through thermal movement, slight oedema and reddening of the cutaneous wound, drainage emergency point and upper cutaneous edge, which may make the postoperative course unideal. They report the observations done on 25 patients who underwent operation of thyroidectomy after preparation of skin, the evening before operation, with detergent and antiseptic solution containing cetrimide and chlorexidin, followed by dressing with alcoholic solution of quaternary ammonium salts. The patients were immediately treated before and after 8 and 16 hours from operation with amoxicillin. The results obtained confirm the validness of proximate antibacterial chemoprophylaxis in this surgery too.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

[The relationship between thyroid surgical operations and blood calcium].

The behaviour of calcemia was studied in a group of patients subjected to surgical operation of varying extent on the thyroid (enucleoresection, hemithyroidectomy, subtotal and total thyroidectomy). Average calcaemia was found to be diminished in all groups of operated cases, in relation to the extent of the operation. Surgery interferes by significantly modifying the variability of calcaemia in the different groups. The frequency of cases with pre-operative calcaemia higher than the average and retaining a postoperative level higher than the minimum of the controls is roughly inversely proportional to the extent of the surgery. A comparison between calcaemia after subtotal thyroidectomy for nodular struma and for Graves' disease did not evidence any statistically significant differences.

Calcium↗
PubMed1980

[The isolated thyroid nodule: notes on our personal experience].

An analysis of 255 patients operated for isolated thyroid nodes is made. Of these, 81% were cold nodes and 19% hot. Carcinomas were present in 21 cases. One carcinoma appeared as a scintigraphically hot node. The frequency of carcinomas, in relation to the nodules observed, was roughly the same in the two sexes. There is parallelism in behaviour of the rate in the two sexes as regards cold nodes, while this is not true for hot nodes. The importance of some recent diagnostic techniques is briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗