Biomedical subjects

S Rahman

Publications and source records attributed to S Rahman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Neuroadaptive changes in the mesoaccumbens dopamine system after chronic nicotine self-administration: a microdialysis study.

There is little evidence to date to indicate if mesoaccumbens dopamine function at the neurochemical level is altered during early abstinence from chronic i.v. nicotine self-administration. Thus, a quantitative microdialysis (no-net-flux) approach was used to measure basal extracellular concentrations and extraction fractions of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (ACB) of rats that self-administered nicotine i.v. for 25 days, as well as in rats serving as yoked comparison groups (yoked nicotine and yoked saline). After 24-48 h of the final self-administration session, there was a significant reduction in basal extracellular dopamine levels in the ACB of the self-administration group compared with the yoked saline group (1.35+/-0.15 nM versus 3.70+/-0.28 nM). The basal extracellular dopamine levels in the yoked nicotine group (1.46+/-0.20 nM) were not significantly different compared with the nicotine self-administration group. The in vivo extraction fraction of dopamine, an indirect measure of dopamine uptake, was significantly increased in the nicotine self-administration (86%) and yoked nicotine (91%) groups compared with the yoked saline group (77%). In addition, a marked reduction in the elevation of extracellular dopamine levels in the ACB occurred after a nicotine challenge as measured by conventional microdialysis in the self-administration (112% of basal) and yoked nicotine (121% of basal) groups as compared with a yoked saline (154% of basal) group. The reduced basal ACB dopamine levels in the nicotine groups during early abstinence appears to be due to increased clearance, suggesting increased dopamine uptake is occurring as a result of the chronic nicotine treatment. The reduced elevation of extracellular dopamine levels in the ACB upon nicotine challenge suggests a functional desensitization or downregulation phenomenon involving acetylcholine receptors (nicotinic nAChRs). Overall, these results provide clear evidence for a neuroadaptive change that alters dopamine transmission in the ACB during abstinence from chronic i.v. nicotine exposure.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed2004

Local perfusion of nicotine differentially modulates somatodendritic dopamine release in the rat ventral tegmental area after nicotine preexposure.

We examined the effects of nicotine perfusion into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) on extracellular dopamine (DA) levels in rats using in vivo microdialysis. Local perfusion with nicotine for 80 min (10-100 microM) modestly increased (approximately 105-131% of basal) the extracellular DA levels in the VTA of rats that had been pretreated with saline for 5 days. In animals that had been pretreated with nicotine for 5 days (0.3 mg/kg, s.c.), perfusion with nicotine for 80 min (10-100 microM) dose-dependently increased the extracellular DA levels in the VTA of rats and did so to a greater extent than in saline-pretreated animals (125-171% of basal). Co-perfusion through the dialysis probe with 100 microM mecamylamine, a nonselective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, or 100 microM dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a high affinity and competitive nAChR antagonist, attenuated the enhancement of extracellular DA levels produced by 100 microM nicotine alone. These results suggest that local nicotine challenge potentiated the somatodendritic DA release after nicotine preexposure by stimulation of high-affinity nAChRs in the VTA.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Coronary artery disease in young adults - angiographic profile.

Angiographic profile of fifty young patients of coronary artery disease aged 40 or under were analysed and compared with those of fifty older patients. Mean age of younger and older group was 36.34 (range 28 to 40 years) and 55.28 (44-74 years) years respectively and most of the patients were male in both the group (92 Vs 94%). Older patients were more diabetes (40 Vs 24%) and hypertensive (38 Vs 60%) but the younger patients had more family history of premature coronary artery disease (50% Vs 24%). The incidence of smoking and dyslipidemia did not vary between the two groups. Older patients had more history of myocardial infarction (69 Vs 58%) but angina were more in young patients (42 Vs 31%). Coronary angiography revealed more number of multivessel disease in older patients (74 Vs 54%) but the younger patients had more normal coronary arteries and single vessel disease (46 vs 26%). Coronary athesclerosis was also extensive in older patients as revealed by the higher coronary score, more involvement of coronary segments, more number of diseased and diffusely involved coronary vessel in older patients. Older patients needed more revasalarization process (74 Vs 60%), more coronary bypass surgery (40 Vs 24%) and had more inoperable vessels (16% Vs 4%) than the younger patients. So the younger patients having less extensive coronary artery athesclerosis with better prognostic probability should be evaluated angiographically for further definitive management in the from of revascularization.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Knowledge and attitude of faculty members on problem based learning.

An intervention study was carried out in Mymensingh Medical College during the second week of January, 2003 to compare knowledge and attitude of the faculty members of Mymensingh Medical College on PBL before and after exposure to a symposium. Pretest was done among 48 faculty members before and 45 faculty members after exposure to the symposium using a self-administered questionnaire. Before the symposium about 17% of faculty members had a sound knowledge on PBL, the figure rose significantly to about 61% after exposure to the symposium (P < 0.001). About 73 % of faculty members felt that PBL is effective in problem solving after exposure to the symposium, as compared to about 60% who felt that PBL is effective in problem solving before the symposium (P < 0.01). About 69% of faculty members stated that PBL is better than traditional ward teaching after exposure to the symposium, as compared to 51.1% who stated that PBL is better than traditional ward teaching before the symposium (P < 0.001). About 69% of faculty members stated that PBL enhances self-directed learning after exposure to the symposium, as compared to about 52% who stated PBL enhances self-directed learning before the symposium(P <0.005). About 64% of faculty members affirmed that they will welcome PBL in clinical teaching after exposure to the symposium, as compared to 62.5% of faculty members who would welcome PBL in clinical teaching before the symposium (P < 0.01). A total of 59% of faculty members asserted that they will recommend PBL to be included in Undergraduate Medical Curriculum after exposure to the symposium, as compared to 60.3% who would recommend PBL in Undergraduate Medical Curriculum before the symposium. About 51 % of faculty members agreed that practicing PBL will help students after graduation to continue independent learning before the symposium, as compared to 60% who agreed that practicing PBL will help students after graduation after exposure to the symposium (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that exposure to a symposium centered on PBL can improve knowledge and attitude of faculty members on PBL positively & significantly.

Attitude↗

PubMed2004

Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology for diagnosis of mass lesions of liver.

The therapeutic and prognostic evaluation of malignant neoplasia of liver depends mostly on morphologic diagnosis. Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of liver has been proved to be a rapid, reliable and cost-effective method for cytological diagnosis of hepatic mass lesions. This study was undertaken to find out the frequency of different benign and malignant space occupying lesions (SOL) of liver from patients attending for FNAC in Mymensingh. Ultrasound guided FNAC was performed on 108 patients with hepatic mass lesions from September 2, 2001 to August 19, 2003. There were 67 (62.0%) males and 41 (37.96%) females with a mean age 53 year (SD +/- 14) ranging from 2 to 83 years. Samples were adequate in 101 (93.5%) and inadequate in 7 (6.5%). Out of 101 adequate samples only one was benign (liver abscess) and 100 were malignant. Of the malignant lesions hepatoblastoma was in 1 (1%), hepatocellular carcinomas in 8 (8%), metastatic adenocarcinomas in 73 (73%) and unclassified malignancies were in 18 (18%). Most of the hepatocellular carcinomas occurred in males (7 in 8). The frequency of metastatic adenocarcinoma was more in males (39 vs. 34) but the difference is not significant (p > 0.05). Ultrasound guided FNAC of liver is a rapid, reliable and cost-effective diagnostic method. It can be practice in any centres where ultrasound facility and specialist pathologists are available.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2004

Studies on clinical pattern of glomerulonephritis.

A prospective study of primary glomerulonephritis covering two and half years period was done at Dhaka Medical College Hospital & IPGMR, Dhaka from June 90 to July 92. A total of 100 cases were included in this study. All of the patients were of 13 years and above, clinically diagnosed, and by laboratory investigations, the diagnoses were established. In this study, we have tried to find out age incidence, sex ratio, possible aetiological factors, common clinical presentation, biochemical parameters and histological typing of primary glomerulonephritis.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed2004

Management of dengue by the WHO guided national guidelines.

A total of 90 adult patients of Dengue admitted in Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka during the period from July 2002 to December 2002 were studied to see the presentation, spectrum of disease and outcome of management. Majority (52%) of cases was in the age group 21-30 years. Out of 90 patients 74 patients (82.22%) were male and 16 (17.78%) were female. Maximum number of cases (43%) was found in the month of August. Most of the cases (77%) were from Dhaka City. Classical type of Dengue fever was the commonest (80%) variety. Thrombocytopenia was found in 80% cases. Platelet count came down below 10000/cumm only in 1.1% of the patients. The patients were diagnosed mainly by clinical criteria. Serological tests were done only in selected cases. Majority (80%) of the patients was managed by sponging, paracetamol and Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS). Blood transfusion was required in 18% cases and platelet concentrate was given only in 1.1% cases. There was no mortality in this study.

Acetaminophen↗

PubMed2004

Tuberous sclerosis.

Tuberous sclerosis - also called tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) - is a rare, multi-system genetic disorder affecting cellular differentiation & proliferation, which results in hamartoma formation in many organs. The classic triad of clinical features comprises mental retardation, epilepsy & skin lesion, but these three features are not always present. Mrs. Jahanara Khatun, a 30 years old lady presented with maculo-papular skin lesions over the face, neck, shoulder since her six years of age, a lump in the right lumber region for four years, pain in the right lumber region associated with passage of blood clot in urine for 15 days. Her family history was very characteristic. One of her elder brother had developed same type of skin lesions. Again her 13 years old daughter had developed same type of skin lesions since seven years of age & she was mentally retarded. Clinical examination revealed normal mentation, pin head sized yellowish red translucent discrete waxy papules situated in the face, neck, shoulder. A large tender firm irregular mass in the right lumber region, which was ballotable & moved with respiration. USG revealed bilateral retroperitoneal masses with the involvement of right kidney & formation of renal artery aneurysm. The patient undergone right sided nephrectomy & histopathology of the specimen showed features suggestive of renal angiomyolipoma. The patient was diagnosed as a case of definite tuberous sclerosis complex as she had two major feature of revised diagnostic criteria - facial angiofibromas & renal angiomyolipoma.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Thoracic actinomycosis.

Thoracic actinomycosis represents about one-fourth of all cases of the disease. Isolated pleural effusion due to Actinomycosis is rare. We report a case of right sided pleural effusion with discharging sinus in the right anterior chest wall. Actinomycosis was suspected and confirmed by microscopic identification of "sulfur granules" in the discharge of the sinus tract and also identification of gram-positive filamentous bacteria in the specimen of discharging sinus. The patient improved clinically and radiologically after treatment with intravenous penicillin G followed by oral penicillin and aspiration of pleural fluid.

Actinomycosis↗

PubMed2004

Knowledge and attitude of clinical students on problem based learning.

An intervention study was carried out in Mymensingh Medical College between December 2002 to November 2003 to determine knowledge and attitude of clinical students on problem based learning (PBL) before and after exposure to a PBL course. This is an intervention study. A total of 17 health problems were discussed in the integrated small group tutorials in the departments of Pediatrics and Medicine. Two problems were discussed in a week & each PBL class was lasted for 2 hours. Pretest was done before exposure of the students to the PBL course using self-administered questionnaire and posttest was done immediately after finishing the PBL course. Significance of proportions was calculated by Chi-square (X2) test. PBL course increased knowledge of clinical students on PBL significantly (P < 0.001). Increased number of clinical students also stated that PBL is effective in problem solving (70% before and 97% after the PBL course), and the difference is highly significant (P < 0.001). Increased number of students (about 72% before & 83% after the PBL course) stated that PBL is better than traditional ward teaching (P < 0.01). Majority of our students (about 61% before & 88 % after the PBL course) stated that PBL enhances self-directed learning (P < 0.005). A good number of students (about 63% before & 81% after PBL course) recommended PBL to be included in Undergraduate Medical Curriculum (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that exposure of students to PBL course can improve knowledge, attitude & practice of clinical students significantly. Regular exposure (at least twice a year) of clinical students to symposium centered on PBL is recommended

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗

PubMed2004

Sensitivity of splenic and bone marrow aspirate study for diagnosis of kala-azar.

Fifty adult patients of kala-azar were included in this prospective study from Medicine Unit-I of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. Splenic and bone marrow aspiration were done simultaneously to compare the sensitivity and other related merits and demerits of each procedure. Splenic aspiration appeared to be more sensitive procedure than bone marrow aspiration. Leishman - Donovan (LD) bodies were found in 90 percent and 72 percent of the spleen and bone marrow aspirates respectively. Splenic aspiration was found more acceptable to patients (96%) as it was less painful. Both the procedures were hazardless. There was no major complication except mild pain after splenic aspiration; even a few patients had history of epistaxis. Splenic aspiration was also more acceptable by the physicians because of an easy and reliable diagnostic procedure.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Ketosis resistance in under thirty diabetic subjects.

Young onset diabetic subjects in tropical developing countries include a group of subjects who exhibits a characteristic ketosis resistance termed as Malnutrition Related Diabetes Mellitus (MRDM) by the WHO Study Group. The mechanism for this resistance to ketosis is still uncertain. To understand this mechanism we have studied the serum responses of glucose, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and triglyceride (TG) to intravenous fat emulsion in newly diagnosed 8 fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD) and 11 low insulin secretory (LIS) subjects under 30 years of age along with 27 age-matched Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) subjects. Overnight fasting subjects were given a 90 min infusion of intralipos 10% (2.5 mg/kg body weight/min) and serum was collected at 0, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min. The fasting NEFA in the 3 groups were almost similar (micromol/l, M +/- SEM: 486 +/- 58, 564 +/- 76 and 559 +/- 34 in FCPD, LIS and NIDDM respectively). Fasting TG also showed a close similarity among 3 groups (mg/dl, M+/-SEM: 117 +/- 11, 110 +/- 22 and 123 +/- 4 in FCPD, LIS and NIDDM respectively). Intravenous fat caused a steady rise of NEFA as well as TG in all groups during the 90 minutes of infusion followed by a gradual fall. No two groups significantly differed regarding NEFA and TG at any time point. Fasting glucose was markedly higher in FCPD (22.9 +/- 2.5, mmol/l, M+/-SEM) and LIS (20.8 +/- 1.6) than NIDDM (11.0 +/- 1.0). In all the 3 groups glucose showed a slow but steady fall. Fasting C-peptide was very low in FCPD (0.42 +/- 0.08, ng/ml, M +/- SEM) and LIS (0.55 +/- 0.09) whereas it was within normal range in NIDDM patients (2.99 +/- 0.24). The results suggest the following: (a) Depleted body fat store do not lead to a decreased supply of NEFA in FCPD and LIS subjects at the fasting state; (b) Increased supply of NEFA in these subjects lead to a normal esterification response as evidenced by a parallel rise of TG; (c) Inspite of markedly low level of the antilipolytic hormone insulin, FCPD and LIS subjects are capable to maintain NEFA and TG responses similar to NIDDM subjects. This may indicate that factor (s) other than substrate and esterification is (are) probably involved in the ketosis resistance of FCPD and LIS subjects; and (d) Although FCPD and LIS differ regarding generalized pancreatic damage (which raises the possibility of involvement of glucagon producing alpha-cells in the FCPD group) the two groups do not differ regarding the ketogenic substrate and esterfication responses.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Histopathological types of malignant lesions of esophagus and stomach.

Upper part of gastrointestinal tract is common site of malignancy. Histological types of malignancy of esophagus and stomach may vary in different countries and also in different regions in the same countries. To find out the frequencies of different histological malignancies in Mymensingh region of Bangladesh, we analyzed the histopathological reports of 259 biopsy specimens examined in one pathology laboratory in Mymensingh town during the period from 6th January 2002 to 29th April 2004. Endoscopic biopsies were 234 (90.35%) and surgical biopsy specimens were 25 (9.35%). Male patients were 193 (72.52%) and female patients were 66 (25.48%). Specimens of esophagus were 73 (28.19%) and of stomach were 186 (71.81%). Out of 69 (94.53%) adequate samples of esophagus 46 (74.19%) were squamous cell carcinoma and 16 (25.81%) were adenocarcinoma. Adequate samples of stomach were 177 (95.16%) in which malignancies were found in 119 (67.23%). All the malignant tumor of stomach were in adenocarcinoma of which 82 (68.91%) were intestinal type, 17 (14.29%) were diffuse type and 20 (16.81%) mixed type. Intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma was found to be significantly associated with male patients (p < 0.005). From the present study it is suggested that in the Mymensingh region the common form of malignant lesion of esophagus may be squamous cell carcinoma followed by adenocarcinoma. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of gastric malignancy of which intestinal type is more common

Adult↗

PubMed2004

A case report on Klinefelter syndrome.

An 18 year old boy presented with small genitalia, failure of eruption of secondary sex hairs, female like voice with eunachoid body habitus, bilateral gynecomastia, infantile external genitalia, small testes and poorly developed musculature. He was diagnosed as a case of 47XXY Klinefelter syndrome on the basis of hormone assay and karyotyping. He has given androgen replacement therapy with the aim to relieve symptoms of androgen deficiency, to reproduce physiological levels of plasma testosterone and to prevent long term consequences of androgen deficiency.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

A case of molluscum contagiosum.

Molluscum contagiosum is a benign contagious disease caused by a poxvirus. The virus proliferates within keratinocytes and forms intracytoplasmic Molluscum bodies. Though it is a common clinical condition, histologically is not yet reported from this region of Mymensingh. We received a skin biopsy specimen in a pathology laboratory for histological examination. The Haematoxylin and Eosin stained sections revealed typical intracytoplasmic Molluscum bodies in keratinocytes. The lesions were in the trunk, which is a common site for Molluscum Contagiosum (MC). As the diagnosis of Molluscum contagiosum is easy by histological examination, every patient suspected to be this disease is recommended to be examined histologically to exclude other similar types of lesions.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Advances in treatment and prevention of hepatorenal syndrome.

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) remains one of the major therapeutic challenges in clinical medicine today. The pathogenesis is complex, but the final common pathway seems to be that sinusoidal portal hypertension, in the presence of severe hepatic decompensation, leads to splanchnic and systemic vasodilatation and decreased effective arterial blood volume. Renal vasoconstriction increases concomitantly, renal haemodynamics worsens, and renal failure occurs. About 15 years ago it was shown that the renal failure is potentially reversible after liver transplantation. This potential reversibility together with increased understanding of the pathogenesis has led to successful preliminary attempts to reverse HRS nonsurgically with combinations of splanchnic vasoconstrictors and colloid volume expansion, insertion of trans-jugular intrahepatic portovenous shunt radiologically, and improved forms of dialysis. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the advances in the therapy of patients with HRS

Hepatorenal Syndrome↗

PubMed2004

Neurophysiology in clinical practice.

Clinical neurophysiology is concerned with the recording of generation and propagation of electrical potentials of nerve and muscle cells. It can provide important information about brain and neuromuscular disorders. Electro encephalogram (EEG), Evoked potentials (EP), Nerve conduction study (NCS) and electromyogram (EMG) are the four main techniques used in clinical neurophysiology. EEG reflects the electrical activity arising from the cerebral cortex. Evoked Potentials are measurements of classic stimulus response. VEP, SSEP and BSAEP are most useful in diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis, Plexus lesions and 8(th) cranial nerve tumor, CP angle tumor respectively. Nerve conduction studies are the measurement of velocity of nerve impulse. It gives information about the lesion of a myelinated nerve. Electromyogram gives information about the integrity of innervations, condition of neuromuscular junctions and also condition of the muscle fiber itself.

Electroencephalography↗

PubMed2003

Paroxetine does not improve symptoms and impairs cognition in frontotemporal dementia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

RATIONALE: Patients with frontal variant frontotemporal dementia (fvFTD) present with disinhibition, impulsiveness, apathy, altered appetite and stereotypic behaviors. A non-randomized clinical trial found improvement in these symptoms after treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). OBJECTIVES: We aimed to subject a SSRI, paroxetine, to a more rigorous test of its efficacy using a double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental design. METHODS: Ten subjects meeting the consensus criteria for FTD were entered into a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Doses of paroxetine were progressively increased to 40 mg daily. The same regimen was used for placebo capsules. Subjects were assessed with a battery of cognitive tests in the sixth week of paroxetine and placebo treatment. At each assessment, caregivers were interviewed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and asked to complete the Cambridge Behavioral Inventory. RESULTS: There were no significant differences on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory or the Cambridge Behavioral Inventory. Paroxetine caused a decrease in accuracy on the paired associates learning task, reversal learning and a delayed pattern recognition task. There were no changes on the decision-making task, in spatial span, spatial recognition, spatial working memory, digit span and verbal fluency. CONCLUSIONS: This study finds no evidence for the efficacy of paroxetine in the treatment of fvFTD. The results suggest that a chronic course of paroxetine may selectively impair paired associates learning, reversal learning and delayed pattern recognition. This pattern of deficits closely resembles that seen after tryptophan depletion. Results are discussed with respect to current theories on serotonergic modulation of orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

Aged↗