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S Rand

Publications and source records attributed to S Rand.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Detection of glycosphingolipids of ABH and Le antigens on thin-layer plates using the PAP method].

Stroma from hemolyzed erythrocytes of blood groups 0, A1, B and A1B were obtained and subjected to butanol/phosphate buffer extraction. This extract was separated using HPTLC, and the ABH and Le substances were detected on the chromatogram using the PAP technique. The staining of the bands allowed specific demonstration of the serologically active glycosphingolipids present in the ABH and Le blood group substances. The antigens of the AB0 system showed a 3- to 12-band pattern. Each of the antigens Lea and Leb presented 3 bands. The slight differences in the levels of glycosphingolipids of equal chain lengths are probably due to differences in their chemical structures.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

[Analysis of erythrocytic carrier molecules (glycosphingolipids) with ABO and Le specificity].

Membrane structures (stroma) were obtained from erythrocytes of various ABO and Le blood groups using a butanol/phosphate buffer extraction. The extracts were separated using thin layer chromatography and the ABO and Le antigens demonstrated directly on the chromatogram using the PAP-technique. Detection was carried out using either Ulex europaeus lectin or monoclonal antibodies. By this method the direct staining of the bands allowed a specific demonstration of the ABH and Leactive glycosphingolipids. A determination of the number of sugar residues is possible as well as the recognition of quantitative variants.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of unusual band patterns in immunochemophoresis].

The occurrence of unusual band patterns in the protein systems Gc, F XIII B and PLG is described. During the routine investigation of these systems in paternity, identity and criminal cases, several examples of alterations or additions to the normal band patterns have been observed. This was particularly noticeable in post mortem samples, stored liquid blood samples and blood stains. A connection between alterations in the form due to charge changes and changes to the isoelectric point from ageing of blood samples is demonstrated.

Blood Protein Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1989

[Forensic use of polymorphism St 14.1].

The DNA-fragment (St 14.1) from the human X-chromosome recognizes a series of approximately 10 alleles after Taq I digestion. The presence of constant bands simplifies the assignment of the alleles to a definite Kb-size when small differences exist between the alleles. 348 individuals were investigated and included 120 mother/child combinations. The verification of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium gave a value of 32 in the chi square test by 20 degrees of freedom and therefore a P-value of 95-97.5. The allele frequencies range from 1%-40% with an expected exclusion rate of 77.3% (for mother/daughter combinations).

Alleles↗
PubMed1987

A comparative study of immuno-blotting techniques for the detection of Gc-subtypes after isoelectric focusing on agarose and polyacrylamide gels.

A comparison of separation and detection techniques has been carried out to determine the most suitable combination for use in Gc-subtyping. The best results (i.e., high sensitivity, distinct bands, especially with reference to the 1S and 1F separation) were achieved using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel (pH 4.5-5.4) followed by transfer to nitrocellulose membrane by electroblotting and finally detection with enzyme-linked antibody complex.

Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1986

Cytochemical detection of ABH antigens in human body fluids.

The use of the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique has been described previously for the detection of cellular antigens and in particular ABO antigens from tissue samples (Pedal and Hülle 1984; Pedal and Baedeker 1985; Pedal et al. 1985). In this survey, the PAP method has been employed to study the detection of ABO antigens in cells from body fluids of particular interest to forensic science, namely buccal cells and vaginal cells. Also tested, but in a limited number, were mixtures of body fluids and semen samples. No false reactions were obtained from buccal cells, all samples corresponding to the ABO blood type of the donor. Preliminary results from vaginal cells, vaginal/buccal cell mixtures, and semen were encouraging but must be treated with caution due to the limited number tested. Vaginal smears contaminated with semen showed varying degrees of nonspecificity.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1985

[Characterization of microtraces of blood].

The stains produced from micro-blood-drops (blood volume 0.2 microliter) on different substrate materials were examined with respect to morphological characteristics. Micro-stains made on paper showed the same general pattern as larger (macro-)bloodstains on the same substrate. The use of shirt material as substrate, however, resulted in differences in the stain pattern, particularly a greater variation within otherwise identical series. In addition when the angle of the bloodstains was acute, a variable number of smaller stains became detached. In these cases definite criteria can still be found for a description of bloodstains and for estimating the approximate angle of impact.

Blood Stains↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of ragweed allergic conjunctivitis with cromolyn sodium 4% ophthalmic solution.

We treated 31 patients with ragweed conjunctivitis in an eight-week, double-masked parallel-group study with cromolyn sodium 4% ophthalmic solution. Analysis of data showed preseason serum IgE antibody to ragweed level was a significant predictor of drug response. Of 16 patients with ragweed IgE values of less than 100 ng/ml, the nine treated with cromolyn had significantly fewer symptoms during the course of treatment than the seven in the placebo group. Of the 15 remaining patients, who had IgE levels of more than 100 ng/ml, the eight treated with cromolyn improved but the difference between their symptom scores and those of the seven patients treated with placebo was not statistically significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prostaglandin E in vaginal smears--a possibility for sperm detection in azoospermia].

The identification of seminal traces is exceptionally difficult, if the semen of the assailant is azoospermic. The evident value of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) activity must be evaluated in such cases with caution. In a murder investigation of a 13 year old girl a positive PAP reaction was found in vaginal swabs and in her underpants. Spermatozoa could not be found. Using the gas-chromatographic method, described by Douse (1985) the presence of prostaglandin E could be demonstrated in the swabs as well as in the crotch of the underpants. The offender was found to be a man with azoospermia, who admitted intercourse but with the consent of the victim. The E prostaglandins are mainly synthesized in the vesiculae seminal and seen to be specific for semen. Swabs taken from mouth and rectum showed negative reactions for prostaglandins in this case. Prostaglandins could never be detected in vaginal swabs taken at least 7 days after intercourse. Conversely Douse could detect prostaglandins in swabs up to 58 hours after intercourse. Apparently the prostaglandin detection by Douse provides a suitable alternative besides to the quantitative and immunological PAP detection or the immunological detection of the protein p 30.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Stain examination with DNA technology--a retrospective analysis].

The extended possibilities of forensic stain analyses during recent years have mainly resulted from the application of DNA technology. Among the VNTR polymorphisms, one can differentiate between five consecutive generations of systems, i.e. multi locus systems (MLS), single locus systems (SLS), so-called AMPFLP's (amplificable fragment length polymorphisms), short tandem repeats (STR's), micro satellite systems. The routine application in our laboratory lets us distinguish 3 phases: (I) RFLP phase (MLS+SLS); (II) combined application of RFLP-SLS and AMPFLP's; (III) PCR phase (combined application of AMPFLP's and STR's.--Investigations applying conventional blood group systems and RFLP analysis have been cancelled in phase III. Since 1989 328 cases have been investigated. The number of cases per year was doubled in phase III compared to phase I, but the proportion of DNA determination has been increased by app. 800%. Although in phase III the stain material was on average more degraded and quantitatively smaller the application of STR systems was successful in 90% of all cases and therefore much more effective than other systems. Compared to phase I, the probabilities of inclusion were smaller in phase III. Problematic stains were more often investigated. Also, a strategic change has occurred. New standards had to be elaborated, i.e. to the avoidance of contamination, to the critical evaluation of stain composition and to the validation of systems.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Asymptomatic neurosyphilis after doxycycline therapy for early latent syphilis.

A 50-year-old woman allergic to penicillin with early latent syphilis was treated with two courses of doxycycline. Ten months after diagnosis, she had no evidence of serologic response. A lumbar puncture demonstrated asymptomatic neurosyphilis. Penicillin desensitization was performed and she was successfully treated. This case re-emphasizes the need for close serologic follow-up in patients with latent syphilis.

Desensitization, Immunologic↗