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Biomedical subjects

S Read

Publications and source records attributed to S Read.

100 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Differences in red blood cell choline and lipid-bound choline between patients with Alzheimer disease and control subjects.

The concentrations of red blood cell choline, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine and lipid-bound choline were measured in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and in normal elderly controls. Red blood cell choline in the Alzheimer group (41.4 +/- 9.2 nmol/ml) was significantly higher (p less than 0.023) than in the elderly controls (18.7 +/- 2.3 nmol/ml). Red blood cell lipid-bound choline (1387 +/- 58 nmol/ml) in the AD group was significantly lower (p less than 0.0022) than in the age-matched controls (1667 +/- 65), while there were no significant differences in glycerophosphocholine or phosphocholine. Plasma choline and lipid-bound choline did not differ significantly between the groups. The mechanisms for these changes still need further study, although the finding of decreased lipid-bound choline supports the concept of altered phospholipid metabolism in patients with AD.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cognitive and motor development in children with vertically transmitted HIV infection.

This study was designed to examine mental and motor development in infants with vertically transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Early neurodevelopment was examined in 25 young children with HIV infection acquired through vertical transmission. Compared with 25 children born to HIV-positive mothers but not infected with the virus, and after controlling for developmental risk factors, the HIV-infected group showed impairments in mental and motor development. Mental and motor development were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. On the mental scale (MDI), the HIV-infected infants obtained significantly lower scores than the uninfected infants. On the performace scale (PDI), the HIV-infected infants obtained significantly lower standard scores than the uninfected infants. CT scan results were available for 20 of the HIV-infected children. CT abnormalities were associated with developmental delays, particularly for motor development. The results point to the importance of early abnormalities in myelination and of subcortical lesions of cognitive and motor development.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Helping people with learning disabilities to grieve.

Historically, it was believed that people with a learning disability did not grieve. Today, however, new and creative ways of working with and supporting the bereft individual who has a learning disability are being sought. This article addresses the current issues for both the individual with a learning disability who has experienced a bereavement and his/her carers, it advocates the importance of competence in the carer to enable effective support, acknowledges proactive educational approaches to enable the individual to cope more healthily with loss, addresses the education and training forum from a pre- and postregistration perspective, and explores the current deficits and potential research areas within this specialist field.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breaking bad news to people with a learning disability.

This article identifies the difficulties often associated with breaking bad news, from a nursing perspective. The additional considerations involved in breaking bad news to people with learning disabilities are identified, and a six-step protocol (Buckman, 1991) is introduced and explored in relation to this client group. Effective communication is seen to be crucial when working with people with a learning disability, and a system for accurate listening is offered (Conboy-Hill, 1992). Finally, recommendations for helping professionals to learn how to break bad news sensitively to this client group are suggested. They include multi-agency working, education and training opportunities, standard statements, resources, support and research initiatives.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of a heel blister caused by pressure and friction.

The treatment of heel blisters caused by pressure, friction, and shear is a complex subject. Issues such as whether to aspirate the blister, how to protect it from further pressure, friction, and shear, and which dressing to choose, need to be considered. As nurses are increasingly aware of the emphasis that has been placed on the importance of ensuring that clinical practice is based on evidence, this article attempts to shed some light on these areas of debate. It is important to highlight that during the literature search very little research was found to exist on blister care and it became clear that further research into the nursing care of a blister caused by pressure would be useful to aid nursing care and patient comfort.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dried blood spots collected on filter paper: an international resource for the diagnosis and genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type-1.

The collection of dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper provides a powerful approach for the development of large-scale, population-based screening programs. DBS methods are particularly valuable in developing countries and isolated rural regions where resources are limited. Large numbers of field specimens can be economically collected and shipped to centralized reference laboratories for genetic and (or) serological analysis. Alternatively, the dried blood can be stored and used as an archival resource to rapidly establish the frequency and distribution of newly recognized mutations, confirm patient identity or track the origins and emergence of newly identified pathogens. In this report, we describe how PCR-based technologies are beginning to interface with international screening programmes for the diagnosis and genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In particular, we review recent progress using DBS specimens to resolve the HIV-1 infection status of neonates, monitor the genetic evolution of HIV-1 during early infancy and establish a sentinel surveillance system for the systematic monitoring of HIV-1 genetic variation in Asia.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inappropriate admissions to hospital: the views of nursing and residential homes.

Acute admissions of older people from residential and nursing homes are often seen as inappropriate by both residential and hospital nursing staff. In this survey, nursing staff from the primary care sector were asked their views on these admissions. Their comments indicate that with better staff education, role support and more effective communication between the two sectors, the continuity of care would be improved. This, in turn, would reduce the number of unnecessary hospital admissions, and improve overall quality of care.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Canadian national survey of perinatal HIV infection 1991-1992. Canadian Paediatric AIDS Research Group (CPAR).

OBJECTIVE: To define the burden of illness and the demographic characteristics of perinatally HIV exposed children in Canada. METHODS: Two national surveys of children born to HIV-infected mothers were conducted. The first survey captured information on all known cases up to March 1991, and the second, additional cases between April 1991 and May 1992. RESULTS: 220 children born to 204 HIV-infected mothers were identified. Quebec cases increased by 20% compared with 33% in Ontario (p < .003) and 50% in the rest of the country (p < .001). Quebec has a higher proportion of black mothers than the rest of Canada (p < .001). Sexual contact continues to be the major risk factor for maternal HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS: This survey confirms a substantial case load and provides an initial demographic profile of diagnosed HIV exposed infants in Canada.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How counselling services can help deal with loss and change.

Transferring people with learning disabilities from hospitals to community-based homes is generally a positive experience. But some people undergo feelings of loss during the process and need special support. This paper explores the issues and describes how a new counselling service helped one woman come to terms with her new lifestyle outside hospital.

Adaptation, Psychological↗