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Biomedical subjects

S Redmond

Publications and source records attributed to S Redmond.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

A survey of UK diabetic pregnancy management.

The provision of care and current management strategies for diabetic pregnancy in the United Kingdom were assessed by canvassing British diabetologists. Questionnaires were sent to 376 Consultant Physicians known to have an interest in diabetes, in 239 Health Districts. The response rate was 52% providing information from 182 (76%) Districts. In 66 (36%) Districts, there was an existing combined diabetes/obstetric clinic, with median annual caseloads of 13 (range 1-200) patients. Preconception counselling was offered in 22 clinics. In 153 (84%) of the clinics, the standard WHO diagnostic criteria for diabetes were applied to pregnant patients and 149 (97%) of the clinics using WHO criteria treated patients with 'Impaired Glucose Tolerance' as if they were overtly diabetic. Reflectance meters for home monitoring were employed in 119 (65%) clinics. Target pre-meal blood glucose values were less than or equal to 6.0 (range 3.0-12.0) mmol l-1 (n = 172) and post-meal less than or equal to 8.0 (5.0-10.5) mmol l-1 (n = 139). Insulin was introduced when blood glucose values exceeded 7.0 (5.0-12.0) mmol l-1 (n = 162) pre-meal or 9.0 (5.5-15.0) mmol l-1 (n = 129) post-meal. No unit used oral hypoglycaemic agents during pregnancy. Sixty percent of respondents were unable to provide accurate fetal loss/perinatal mortality rates, usually due to lack of recorded data. Where data were available, fetal loss was almost always intra-uterine. Only 78 (43%) centres allowed pregnancy to progress to term.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1991

Selective inhibition of primitive hemopoietic colony-forming cells by an extract from normal marrow: comparison with transforming growth factor-beta.

An extract from normal bone marrow (NBME) which inhibits proliferation of spleen colony-forming units CFU-S selectively inhibits interleukin 3 (IL-3)-driven colony formation by primitive hemopoietic progenitors. This activity is distinct from transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta), which also inhibits development of primitive progenitors. There is evidence that the two activities inhibit proliferation of target cells by different mechanisms and that the bone marrow extract has a direct effect on cell cycling, whereas the effect of TGF beta to suppress proliferation is probably indirect.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The effect of orthostatic hypotension on cerebral blood flow and middle cerebral artery velocity in autonomic failure, with observations on the action of ephedrine.

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) have been measured using 133xenon washout and transcranial Doppler in ten patients with autonomic failure. Four pure autonomic failure and four multiple system atrophy patients behaved similarly: tilting them sufficiently to induce significant orthostatic hypotension without causing syncopal symptoms led to a significant fall in their mean MCAv, but no change in their mean CBF. These findings suggest that cerebral autoregulation is preserved in autonomic failure, orthostatic hypotension resulting in a reactive vasodilatation which lowers MCAv, reduces vascular resistance, and maintains CBF. Ephedrine helped to correct the orthostatic hypotension, but had no direct effect on CBF. Two siblings with orthostatic hypotension secondary to dopamine-beta-hydroxylase deficiency also had preserved cerebral autoregulation, but ephedrine led to paradoxical hypotension in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The effects of TGF beta on haemopoietic cells.

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) suppresses the growth of differentiation inducible, murine IL-3-dependent multipotential cell lines but has no growth inhibitory effect upon an IL-3-independent (leukaemic) cell line arising from one of them, nor on IL-3-dependent cell lines that are unable to undergo differentiation. TGF beta inhibits in vitro colony formation by normal multipotential haemopoietic progenitor cells. Bipotential progenitors recruited by GM-CSF are, however, more resistant to the inhibitory effects of TGF beta, whereas progenitors recruited by the lineage restricted factor, M-CSF, are sensitive to the inhibitory effects. These data indicate that responsiveness to TGF beta is differentiation linked and studies with the cell lines suggest that response (or lack of response is not determined solely by levels of expression of TGF beta receptors. Furthermore, the effects of TGF beta 2 on haemopoietic progenitors are very similar to those induced by TGF beta.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Induction of transforming growth factor alpha expression in mouse mammary epithelial cells after transformation with a point-mutated c-Ha-ras protooncogene.

NOG-8 ras cells are a normal mouse mammary epithelial cell line transfected with a plasmid containing a glucocorticoid-inducible mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat linked to the activated c-Ha-ras protooncogene. After addition of dexamethasone, there is a rapid induction (within 1-3 h) of p21ras protein that is concomitant with a parallel induction of the c-Ha-ras specific mRNA. After 4-6 days of dexamethasone treatment, NOG-8 ras cells are able to grow as colonies in semisolid medium. Between 9 and 12 days of dexamethasone treatment, there is a 5- to 6-fold increase of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) activity in the conditioned medium from NOG-8 ras cells. A 60-65% reduction in epidermal growth factor cell surface receptors on NOG-8 ras cells also occurs during this time interval. A 3- to 4-fold increase of the expression of a specific TGF alpha mRNA can be detected within 2 days of dexamethasone treatment, preceding the increase in TGF alpha protein found in the conditioned medium. Exogenous TGF alpha is able to stimulate in a dose-dependent fashion the anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth of NOG-8 ras cells to a level comparable to that observed in dexamethasone treated ras-transformed NOG-8 ras cells. These results suggest that the enhanced expression of TGF alpha after induction of an activated ras protooncogene may be necessary for the anchorage-independent growth and subsequent morphological changes and the enhanced growth rate observed in ras-transformed mammary epithelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Cerebral blood velocity in subarachnoid haemorrhage: a transcranial Doppler study.

A study examining the utility of transcranial Doppler ultrasound for the determination of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid haemorrhage is reported. A control group of 21 patients and a second group of 20 patients suffering from subarachnoid haemorrhage or aneurysm and a group of 26 with other intracranial pathologies were studied. The Doppler flow velocity (DFV) was significantly higher when vasospasm was present. If it was higher than 100 cm/s, the patients were found to have vasospasm in 80% of cases. If Doppler flow velocity was below 100, less than 10% had spasm. Doppler flow velocity was not found to increase following craniotomy in patients not suffering from subarachnoid haemorrhage. In subarachnoid haemorrhage patients there was a trend to increased Doppler flow velocity especially in patients who developed neurological deficit. Doppler flow velocity and Initial Slope Index by xenon clearance (ISI) were not found to correlate with clinical grade. The ISI/DFV quotient (which can be shown mathematically to be related to vessel diameter) was found to correlate well with clinical grade. In this largely post-operative group, absolute levels, or rate of change of Doppler flow velocity could not be shown to be related to the onset or existence of neurological deficit.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of fast flow and initial slope index values for cerebral blood flow following subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Forty five patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage proved by lumbar puncture underwent serial measurements of cerebral blood flow and central conduction time. When the initial slope index (ISI) value for cerebral blood flow is considered there is a clear relationship between reduction of cerebral blood flow and deteriorating clinical grade. This relationship is not so clearly demonstrated using the fast flow (f1) value for cerebral blood flow. When cerebral blood flow is compared to central conduction time those patients with a central conduction time longer than 6 X 4 ms have a significantly lower CBFisi but not a significant lower CBFf1. Furthermore, using the ISI value, there is a linear relationship between the fall in cerebral blood flow and the lengthening of CCT below a threshold blood flow of about 35 ml/100 g/min. This relationship is not demonstrated with the CBFf1 value. It therefore appears that the ISI value for cerebral blood flow shows a greater correlation between clinical and electrophysiological events than the f1 value.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Monoclonal antibodies for purification and assay of IL-2.

Mouse monoclonal antibodies (Mac 002 and Mac 003) raised against recombinant human Interleukin-2 (rec IL-2), were developed for use as assay and purification reagents. In the Immunoradiometric assay, (IRMA), 125I-Mac 002 is used as tracer, with sheep polyclonal anti-rec IL-2 on the solid phase. This reliably measures rec IL-2 in the range 3-1000 ng/ml. The assay measures natural IL-2 with a lower sensitivity. For some samples of IL-2, the amount detected by IRMA is greater than expected from the biological assays, presumably because there are IL-2 molecules with antigenic, but not biological activity. This is a possible source of variation in the specific activities observed in different preparations of of IL-2. In the purification reagent, Mac 003 is immobilised on sepharose CL-4B to purify recombinant IL-2 from less than 1% in an E. Coli extract, to greater than 90% purity, in a single step with greater than 80% yield.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

An intravenous 133xenon clearance technique for measuring cerebral blood flow.

An intravenous 133Xe clearance technique for measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) is described. Results obtained compared well with those using the intracarotid 133Xe technique. The reproducibility of the method was checked by repeating measurements within a few hours in 14 patients, when no significant overall change occurred, and after some days in 23 patients when a mean fall in flow of 8% was observed. CBF was measured in 52 control subjects. The mean fast component flow (Ff) was 68.6 ml/100 g/min (SD 11.3). No difference between the two hemispheres was found. Flow was confirmed to be higher anteriorly in the cerebral hemispheres. A significant inverse correlation was found between CBF and age.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A controlled trial of disease surveillance strategies.

Active surveillance techniques using routine telephone contacts with providers improved the reporting of measles, rubella, salmonellosis, and hepatitis by a factor of 4.6 among private physicians in Monroe County, New York, and increased reporting for these target diseases from all sources by 51 percent. The timeliness of reporting was not improved by active surveillance. Reporting patterns varied by disease and source of report, suggesting the desirability of various approaches to surveillance based on local resources and priorities. Although reporting rates were higher for diseases among persons from census tracts of low socioeconomic status, physicians providing care to persons living in low-income areas responded no differently to active reporting than did those providing care to patients from middle- and high-income areas.

Hepatitis↗