Patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) selectively eat more carbohydrates (CHO), particularly sweets but also starch-rich foods, during their depression in winter. The Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ) was administered to female SAD patients, healthy female controls, and female medical students to determine their eating style, together with the modified Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ+). SAD patients showed higher values for "emotional" (EMOT) eating than the students, and these in turn had higher values than the controls. In comparison to controls, SAD patients and students head high values for the factor "external" (EXT) eating, but there was no difference between the groups with respect to "restraint" (REST) eating. This is in strong contrast to patients with bulimia and anorexia nervosa, who are high REST eaters, indicating that SAD patients do not have a similar eating disorder. Additional items showed that SAD patients selectively eat sweets under emotionally difficult conditions (when depressed, anxious, or lonely). Configural frequency analysis showed that seasonal body weight change (SBWC) is high in subjects with high EMOT and REST eating together with a high body mass index (BMI). This result is in accordance with the concept of disinhibition of dietary restraint in extreme emotional situations, e.g., the depressive state.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Neurofibromatosis 1 associated with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder.

A 10-month-old boy presented with a 6-week history of abdominal pain. The pain was due to a large, stage IV embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder. The rhabdomyosarcoma was found in association with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) manifesting multiple café au lait spots and bowing of the right calf. The diagnosis of NF1 had not been made before presentation. This case report is intended to heighten the awareness of the manifestations of NF1 and the possibility of developing a nonneuroectodermal tumor as a concomitant of NF1, and to emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of such an NF1-associated malignancy. Reports of the epidemiologic evidence for rhabdomyosarcoma in children with NF1 are reviewed.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The self-image of nurses employed in a psychiatric hospital.

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Achievement↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Systemic chemotherapy for a primary germ cell tumor of the brain: a pharmacokinetic study.

Systemic administration of most chemotherapeutic agents has been assumed to be ineffective in the treatment of primary and metastatic brain tumors because these agents fail to cross the intact blood-brain barrier. However, agents which fail to penetrate the intact blood-brain barrier may penetrate it under conditions which include the presence of tumor in the central nervous system (CNS) and prior CNS irradiation. This paper reports the results of pharmacokinetic studies of bleomycin, cisplatin, and vinblastine in the CNS of a patient with a primary germ cell tumor of the brain who had received prior radiotherapy. Significant concentrations of bleomycin and cisplatin, but not of vinblastine, were reached in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the patient following iv administration. The area under the bleomycin CSF concentration times time curve was 25% of the area under the bleomycin plasma concentration times time curve. The areas under two cisplatin CSF curves were 50% and 155% of the areas under the corresponding free cisplatin plasma curves. Moreover, an objective response of the tumor to the chemotherapy was documented. This study provides evidence that, under certain circumstances, significant concentrations of cisplatin and bleomycin may be obtained in human CSF following systemic administration and that it may be possible to treat primary or metastatic CNS tumors with agents effective against systemic tumor of the same histologic type.

Antineoplastic Agents↗