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Biomedical subjects

S Reiser

Publications and source records attributed to S Reiser.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Serum insulin and glucose in hyperinsulinemic subjects fed three different levels of sucrose.

Twenty-four adult men and women, classified as carbohydrate-sensitive on the basis of an exaggerated insulin response to a sucrose load, consumed diets containing 5, 18, and 33% of calories as sucrose for 6 wk each in a cross-over design. The diets contained identical natural and processed foods except for a patty containing 2, 15, or 30% of the calories as sucrose at the expense of wheat starch. Carbohydrate, fat, and protein provided 44, 42, and 14% of the calories, respectively. Of total calories, 25% were consumed at breakfast and 75% at dinner. Initial body weights of the subjects were essentially maintained. Fasting serum insulin levels increased with the sucrose content of the diet and were significantly higher in men than in women. Mean fasting glucose was significantly higher on either 18 or 33% sucrose than on 5% sucrose. The sucrose content of the diet did not affect fasting serum glucagon. When compared to the insulin response to a sucrose load (2 g/kg body weight) after consuming the 5% sucrose diet, serum insulin was significantly higher at 1 h after the 18% sucrose diet and at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 h after the 33% sucrose diet. Except after 2 h, the glucose response was significantly greater after the 18 and 33% sucrose diets than after the 5% sucrose diet. These results indicate that sucrose intake by carbohydrate-sensitive individuals, even at levels approximating the average United States intake, can produce undesirable changes in several parameters associated with glucose tolerance.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1981

Long-term effects of moderate fructose feeding on glucose tolerance parameters in rats.

The effects on glucose tolerance of prolonged fructose feeding, at a level approximating that currently in the American diet, were examined in weaning, male Wistar rate. Two groups of rats were fed ad libitum diets containing either 54% cooked cornstarch (w/w) [CS] or 39% cooked cornstarch plus 15% D-fructose (CSF) for 3, 5, 7, 9 and 15 months. All rats were given an oral glucose tolerance test (250 mg glucose/100 g body weight) after each designated feeding period (hereafter referred to as age groups). Serum insulin and glucose were determined from blood obtained after fasting and 1/2 1, 2 and 3 hours following the glucose load. Neither body weight nor relative food intake (g/day/100 g body weight) differed significantly with diet. Fasting serum insulin increased linearly (r = 0.97) with age in both dietary groups, but was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in CSF- than in CS-fed rats. Fasting serum glucose levels were also higher (P less than 0.05) in CSF-than in CS-fed rats. The levels decreased with age (r = 0.61) in CS-fed rats, but increased linearly with age (r = 0.96) in CSF-fed rats. Serum insulin response to the oral glucose load was higher (P less than 0.03) in all CSF-fed than in CS-fed rats. The serum glucose response curve following the oral load was significantly higher (P less than 0.025) in CSF-fed than in CS-fed rats at 7 months but not at other ages. Liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK, EC 4.1.1.32) activity, measured only in the 3-month group, was higher (P less than 0.05) in the CSF-fed rats, indicating higher gluconeogenic activity.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Effects of feeding rats sucrose in a high fat diet.

Rats were fed ad libitum a 40% fat diet containing either 30% sucrose or 30% starch by weight for 8-9 weeks. Insulin levels during a meal tolerance test were significantly greater in rats fed sucrose than in rats fed starch, but serum glucose levels were not affected by diet and tended to decrease as time after the meal increased. Insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test were significantly greater in the rats fed sucrose. Serum glucose levels were not affected by diet. Body weights and epididymal and perirenal fat pad weights were higher in rats fed sucrose than in rats fed starch. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were not different. These results show that relatively low sucrose levels in a high fat diet can produce higher insulin levels than starch before and after either a glucose load or a meal. This relative insulin resistance is symptomatic of onset diabetes.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1981

Blood lipids and their distribution in lipoproteins in hyperinsulinemic subjects fed three different levels of sucrose.

The effects of dietary sucrose on blood lipids and their distribution in lipoprotein fractions were determined in 12 males and 12 females diagnosed as carbohydrate-sensitive on the basis of an exaggerated insulin response to a sucrose load. The subjects were fed diets containing 5%, 18% or 33% of the total calories as sucrose for 6 weeks each in a crossover design. Initial body weights were essentially maintained. Total fasting triglycerides of males, but not females, increased significantly as the level of sucrose in the diet increased. Triglycerides in males averaged 132% more than in females and were significantly greater at all three levels of sucrose. Significant increases in total cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol were observed as the sucrose content of the diet increased. HDL cholesterol ratios decreased significantly in males as sucrose increased and for 5%, 18% and 33% were 0.34, 0.32 and 0.27, respectively. Abnormal lipoprotein phenotypes were most common when the subjects consumed 33% sucrose and least common when they consumed 5% sucrose. These results indicate that sucrose intake at levels now common in the American diet by carbohydrate-sensitive males could lead to a blood lipid profile associated with coronary risk.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1980

Effect of isocaloric exchange of dietary starch and sucrose in humans on the gastric inhibitory polypeptide response to a sucrose load.

Ten men and nine women aged 35 to 55 consumed two diets for 6 weeks each in a cross-over design. The diets were composed of identical natural foods and 30% of the calories as either sucrose or wheat starch. Carbohydrate, fat and protein supplied 43, 42, and 15% of the calories, respectively. The dietary pattern consisted of two meals divided so as to provide 10% of the calories at breakfast (7:00 to 8:30 AM) and 90% of the calories at dinner (4:30 to 6:30 PM). Initial body weights were essentially maintained. The gastric inhibitory polypeptide response after a sucrose load (2 g/kg body weight) was significantly greater (P < 0.01) after th subjects consumed the sucrose rather than the starch diet. The gastric inhibitory polypeptide response was significantly greater (P < 0.01) after 6 weeks on diet than during pretest. These results suggest that the increases in insulin levels observed after sucrose feeding may be mediated by an effect on the enteric hormone gastric inhibitory polypeptide.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of dietary sucrose in humans on blood uric acid, phosphorus, fructose, and lactic acid responses to a sucrose load.

10 men and 9 women consumed diets that were identical, except for the 30% of the calories derived from either starch or sucrose, for 6 weeks in a crossover design. Of the total calories, 10% were given at breakfast and 90% at dinner. A sucrose load of 2 g/kg body weight was administered 1 week before and during the last week of both dietary periods. Blood was drawn before (fasting) and 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 h after the sucrose load. Serum uric acid was significantly higher (p < 0.01) and blood fructose significantly lower (p < 0.05) before and at all times after the sucrose load when subjects consumed the sucrose versus the starch diet. Levels of serum inorganic phosphorus and blood lactic acid were not affected by kind of carbohydrate in the diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[The noninvasive investigation of duodenogastric reflux before and after pyloroplasty (author's transl)].

In five anesthetized cats the excretion of Tc-99m-DAIDA into the gallbladder and the small bowel and the d.g. reflux were visualized by a gamma camera and analyzed by a digital computer. A d.g. reflux index was calculated following stimulation of the gallbladder by ceruletide and test meals, before and after a Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty. It could be demonstrated that tracing of bile with TC-99m-DAIDA can be used as a noninvasive method for the evaluation of the d.g. reflux. Gastric intubation increases the d.g. reflux rate. Ceruletide is a much more effective choleretic agent than test meals. Despite a wide pyloroplasty neither an augmented d.g. reflux nor gastritis was seen, probably due to the preserved antral innervation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Isocaloric exchange of dietary starch and sucrose in humans. II. Effect on fasting blood insulin, glucose, and glucagon and on insulin and glucose response to a sucrose load.

Ten men and nine women ages 35 to 55 consumed two diets for 6 weeks each in a cross-over design. The diets were composed of identical natural foods and 30% of the calories as either sucrose or wheat starch. Carbohydrate, fat, and protein supplied 43, 42, and 15% of the calories, respectively. Of the calories 10% was eaten at breakfast (7:00 to 8:30 AM) and 90% at dinner (4:30 to 6:30 PM). Inital body weights were essentially maintained. Fasting serum insulin and glucose levels were significantly higher with the sucrose than with the starch diet. The insulin response and the insulin:glucose ratios after a sucrose load (2 g/kg body weight) were greater after the subjects consumed the sucrose diet. Sucrose feeding produced increases in fasting serum insulin, the insulin:glucose ratio and the insulin response to a sucrose load that were of greater magnitude in a subgroup of nine subjects classified as potentially carbohydrate-sensitive than in normal subjects. Glucose response to a sucrose load and fasting serum glucagon did not differ significantly with diet. Fasting insulin and glucose showed significant increases as a function of time on diet. These results indicate that sucrose feeding produces undersirable changes in several of the parameters associated with glucose tolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Insulin and glucose responses in rats fed sucrose or starch.

Rats fed 54% sucrose for 11 to 13 weeks ad libitum or 5 weeks ad libitum followed by 6 to 8 weeks of meal feeding had significantly higher serum insulin, glucose, and triglyceride levels than rats fed comparable amounts of starch after 12 to 14 hr without food. The serum insulin response measured before, 1/2, and 4 hr after a meal showed insulin levels of sucrose-fed rats to be higher than comparable levels of rats fed starch at all three times. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test measuring serum glucose before, 1/2, 2, and 2 hr after a glucose injection revealed glucose levels of rats fed sucrose to be higher than levels of rats fed starch. When insulin was added to the injection medium, serum glucose of rats fed sucrose remained higher than comparable levels of rats fed starch indicating insulin insensitivity. Meal feeding generally resulted in higher insulin and triglyceride levels than in rats fed ad libitum but had little effect on glucose levels. These results are clear evidence that sucrose feeding has undesirable effects on glucose tolerance.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1979

Isocaloric exchange of dietary starch and sucrose in humans. I. Effects on levels of fasting blood lipids.

For 6 weeks, 10 men and nine women aged 35 to 55 consumed each of two diets in a cross-over design. The diets were comprised of identical natural foods with 30% of the calories as either sucrose or cooked wheat starch. Carbohydrate, fat and protein supplied 43, 42, and 15% of the calories, respectively. Of the calories 10% were eaten at breakfast (7:00 to 8:30 AM) and 90% at dinner (4:30 to 6:30 PM). Initial body weights were essentially maintained. Total serum lipids, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels were significantly higher when the subjects consumed the sucrose diet than when they consumed the starch diet. Increases associated with the sucrose diet were greatest for triglycerides (33.0%). In a subgroup of nine subjects with triglyceride levels above the normal range, sucrose feeding increased triglyceride levels 45.2%. Triglycerides and pre-beta lipoproteins were significantly higher in males than in females. Pre-beta lipoproteins were 32% higher when the subjects consumed sucrose than when they consumed starch. For alpha and beta lipoproteins, small, nonsignificant increases were associated with sucrose feeding. Serum free fatty acids were not affected by diet. These results indicate that the consumption of sucrose can increase blood lipids that are considered to be risk factors in heart disease and that males and carbohydrate-sensitive individuals may be more susceptible than others to the effects of sucrose.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue weight of rats fed starch or sucrose diets ad libitum or in meals.

The deposition of edidymal and perirenal fat, serum insulin levels, and insulin sensitivity of epididymal fat, expressed as the insulin-stimulated production of CO2 from glucose, were determined in Wistar rats fed diets containing either 54% starch or sucrose ad libitum or pair-fed in meals. Regardless of the pattern of feeding, sucrose-fed rats deposited more adipose tissue per 100 g body weight and exhibited less insulin sensitivity than did starch-fed rats. Significant differences in adipose tissue weights were not always accompanied by significant differences in body weights. Meal-fed rats deposited less adipose tissue and showed a greater insulin sensitivity than did ad libitum rats fed the same carbohydrate. However, when changes in feeding pattern negated the difference in adipose weights there was no difference in the insulin sensitivity of the meal-fed and ad libitum-fed rats. Rats consuming the sucrose diet generally exhibited significantly higher fasting serum insulin levels than did rats consuming the starch diet. The serum insulin values tended to be higher in the ad libitum-fpididymal tissue from the meal-fed and starch-fed rats tended to be greater than that of the sucrose-fed or ad libitum-fed rats, respectively, suggesting differences in adipocyte composition. Since obesity, insulin insensitivity, and hyperinsulinism are associated with an impairment of glucose tolerance, the observed metabolic effects of dietary sucrose are considered to be undesirable.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1977

A strain specific increase in blood glycerol level of the carbohydrate-sensitive BHE rat.

A strain-specific, elevated serum free glycerol has been found in stock diet fed, carbohydrate-sensitive, hyperlipemic BHE rats. This suggests that considerably more peripheral lipolysis is taking place in the nonfasting BHE rat than in its Wistar counterpart. This observation further suggests that the BHE rat may exhibit metabolic changes in the fed state that are similar to those found in normal fasting rats. Individual, serum free glycerol levels were not correlated with individual serum insulin values. In the nonfasted BHE rats, serum free glycerol concentrations were found to be sufficiently high to initiate gluconeogenesis or to contribute to a maximal rate of triglyceride synthesis.

Animals↗