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S Rigrodsky

Publications and source records attributed to S Rigrodsky.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Patterns of oral-verbal perseveration in adult aphasics.

This descriptive study sought to examine the nature of perseverative errors uttered by adult aphasics in response to a picture naming task. Previous research on perseveration is reviewed. Three major patterns of perseverative behavior are identified and illustrated--semantic selection, program of action, and phonemic carry-over. The hypothesis that site of lesion (anterior vs. posterior) may account for the amount or pattern of perseveration an aphasic exhibits is not supported. An information-processing model is proposed to account for all patterns of oral-verbal perseverative response.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1982

The effects of temporal and semantic conditions on the occurrence of the error response of perseveration in adult aphasics.

This study sought to determine whether the incidence of perseveration in the responses of adult aphasics could be affected by altering stimulus factors such as semantic difficulty and the rate of presentation of stimuli. Thirty-one aphasic men supplied 1-word responses within three randomly arranged language tasks: sentence completion, picture naming, and word reading. Within each task subjects received stimuli from two 20-word lists of words contrasted for their frequency of occurrence in the language. Each list was presented once with 1-sec intervals between subjects' responses and subsequent stimuli, and once with 10-sec intervals. Results indicated that when semantic difficulty as measured by the frequency of occurrence of the single-word responses was reduced, the mean number of perseverations decreased significantly. When time intervals were increased from 1 to 10 seconds, perseverations decreased significantly. Sentence completion and picture naming elicited significantly more perseverations than word reading. Perseveration and other verbal errors were similarly affected by the variable of semantic difficulty, but only perseverative errors were significantly reduced when time intervals were increased. Word length, presentation order of tasks and conditions, and time postonset of aphasia appeared to have little relationship to perseveration.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Perception of spoken communication by elderly chronically ill patients in an institutional setting.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the perception of elderly and chronically ill patients regarding the spoken communication that occurs in a long-term care institution. Twenty-four patients were given a focused semi-standardized interview to investigate their perception of how much they talked, their communication partners, where they talked, their topics, their desire and enjoyment in talking, factors affecting communication, and suggestions for improving the communication atmosphere in this setting. Results indicate that communication is limited in quantity and scope, though elderly patients desire communicative interaction. The results of the study are explained from two perspectives-how the patients themselves contribute to the limited communication and how institutional life restricts interaction. Implications for the speech pathologist are given.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Verbal training to improve explanations of conservation with aphasic adults.

Recent research has indicated a need to study the relationship between the language of the adult aphasic and his attempts at cognitive processing. Nine aphasic adults who demonstrated a minimal ability to explain conservation (as defined by Piaget), a cognitive task which they understood, were given verbal model training to improve their explanations of weight and liquid conservation. Each subject was given a pretest, an experimental condition during which explanations for weight conservation only were trained, a control condition during which subjects named pictured common objects, and a posttest. Order of presentation of the experimental and control conditions was varied. As a result of training, a greater number of explanations (quantitative improvement) and a greater number of explanatory concepts (qualitative improvement) were expressed for both the trained and nontrained conservation tasks. It is suggested that the improvement in conservation explanations is the result of "response facilitation effects" as described by Bandura. Furthermore, the improvement in conservation explanations is supportive of Schuell's concept of impaired linguistic retrieval mechanisms in aphasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Aphasia: a divergent semantic interpretation.

The present paper reinterprets aphasia relative to the divergent and convergent components of Guilford's model of behavior. It suggests that some aphasiologists have defined aphasia as a convergent semantic disorder. They have determined the presence or absence of an aphasic impairment on the basis of each individual's ability to recognize and reproduce previously learned material and to converge upon one correct answer. The present analysis also shows that there are a number of theoretical models of aphasia which indicate that aphasia involves more than a convergent semantic impairment. Aphasia, interpreted according to Guilford's model, appears to have a divergent component. Aphasia involves a decrease in an individual's ablilty to provide ideas in situations where a proliferation of ideas on some topic is required, or to extend the boundaries of what he already knows. The individual who is impaired in his ability to produce a number of relevant ideas and a variety of different kinds or categories of responses has a divergent semantic impairment.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1976

Divergent semantic behavior in aphasia.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the divergent semantic behaviors of 30 persons with aphasia in comparison to these same behaviors in a group of 30 normal individuals. Specifically, this study examined fluency or the number of ideas produced, flexibility or the variety of ideas produced, and communality within each subject group and between the two groups. Results support the existence of the divergent mental operation and indicate that persons with aphasia are impaired in their ability to generate semantic responses under this operation. Therefore, speech pathologists may wish to include divergent tasks in their evaluation procedures and plan therapy directed toward the retrieval of divergent responses.

Aged↗