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Biomedical subjects

S Rinaldi

Publications and source records attributed to S Rinaldi.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Urinary endogenous sex hormone levels and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.

To assess the relation between urinary endogenous sex steroid levels and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, a nested case-cohort study was conducted within a large cohort (the DOM cohort) in the Netherlands (n=9,349). Until the end of follow-up (1 January 1996), 397 postmenopausal breast cancer cases were identified and a subcohort of 424 women was then taken from all eligible women. Women using hormones were excluded, leaving 364 breast cancer cases and 382 women in the subcohort for the analyses. Concentrations of oestrone, oestradiol, testosterone, 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol and creatinine were measured in first morning urine samples, which had been stored since enrolment at -20 degrees C. A Cox proportional Hazards model was used, with Barlow's adjustment for case-cohort sampling, to estimate breast cancer risk in quartiles of each of the, creatinine corrected, hormone levels, the lowest quartile being the reference group. Women with higher levels of all four of the hormones were at increased risk for postmenopausal breast cancer (highest vs lowest quartile: incidence rate ratio for oestrone (IRR(oestrone)=2.5, 95% CI: 1.6-3.8; IRR(oestradiol)=1.5, 95% CI: 1.0-2.3; IRR(testosterone)=1.6, 95% CI: 1.0-2.4; IRR(5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol)=1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.7). In conclusion, women with higher excretion levels of both oestrogens and androgens have an increased risk of breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Reproducibility over time of measurements of androgens, estrogens and hydroxy estrogens in urine samples from post-menopausal women.

Sex steroid concentrations in urine samples from post-menopausal women have been associated with risk of various chronic diseases. The basic requirement for the assessment of risk in such large-scale epidemiological studies is that subjects be ranked accurately by their average, long-term hormone levels. We examined the reproducibility over time of measurements of urinary testosterone (T), 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol (ADIOL), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), 2-hydroxy estrone and 2-hydroxy estradiol, (2(OH)-E), 16alpha-hydroxyestrone (16alpha(OH)-E1) and the ratio of 2(OH)-E and 16alpha(OH)-E1, in a representative sub-sample of post-menopausal women (n = 43) participating in an ongoing prospective cohort study. Women collected three first morning urine voids on different occasions, with average time difference between the first and the third urine sample of 5.1 years. T, ADIOL, E1 and E2 were measured by radio immunoassay after enzymatic hydrolysis, solid-phase extraction and HPLC purification of the samples, while 2(OH)-E and 16alpha(OH)-E1 were assayed by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay after enzymatic hydrolysis. Intra-class correlation co-efficients (ICCs) over time were very good for T (r = 0.85), acceptable for E2, E1 and ADIOL (r > 0.55), but low for 2(OH)-E, 16alpha(OH)-E1 and their ratio (r < 0.46). The adjustment for creatinine concentrations did not increase these correlations.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Effects of dietary intervention on IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins, and related alterations in sex steroid metabolism: the Diet and Androgens (DIANA) Randomised Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of a comprehensive change in dietary composition on endogenous hormone metabolism. The specific aim was to examine whether this intervention could lead to favourable changes in insulin sensitivity, levels of IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and total and bioavailable testosterone and estradiol, that would be expected to reduce breast cancer risk. DESIGN: Randomised dietary intervention study; duration of 5 months. SUBJECTS: From a total of 99 postmenopausal women, who had elevated baseline plasma testosterone levels, 49 women were randomly assigned to the dietary intervention arm and the other 50 to a control group. INTERVENTIONS: Main aspects of the dietary intervention were reductions in the intake of total fat and refined carbohydrates, an increase in the ratio of n-3 over n-6 plus saturated fatty acids, and increased intakes of foods rich in dietary fibre and phytooestrogens. RESULTS: Relative to the control group, women of the intervention group showed a significant reduction of body weight, waist circumference, fasting serum levels of testosterone, C peptide, glucose, and insulin area after glucose tolerance test, and a significant increase of serum levels of sex hormone-binding globulin, IGFBP-1, -2, and growth hormone-binding protein. Serum levels of IGF-I did not change. CONCLUSION: This comprehensive dietary intervention strategy proved to be successful in inducing changes in endogenous hormone metabolism that might eventually result in reduced breast cancer risk. Additional studies are needed to show whether the dietary intervention and related hormonal changes can be both maintained over longer periods, of at least several years.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Interrelationships between plasma testosterone, SHBG, IGF-I, insulin and leptin in prostate cancer cases and controls.

Despite strong indirect evidence that androgens stimulate prostate cancer development, data from most analytical studies on this association have been negative. To further investigate this issue, we studied the interrelationships between androgenicity and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin and leptin. Within a prospective cohort study, we measured testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and IGF-I, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1, IGFBP-3, insulin and leptin, in plasma from 149 cases and 298 controls. Testosterone correlated positively with SHBG, whereas testosterone and SHBG correlated inversely with IGF-I, IGFBP-3, insulin, leptin and body mass index (BMI). Indices of free testosterone showed an inverse linear correlation with leptin (P<0.01), and a strong drop in the 5th quintile of BMI. However, levels of free testosterone showed non-linear relationships over quintiles of insulin and IGF-I, with a significant increase in the second quintile of IGF-I compared with other levels. The absence of an association between plasma levels of androgens and prostate cancer risk in analytical studies, despite the strong indirect evidence of their tumour-stimulating effects, may reflect the complex and mostly inverse associations of androgenicity to IGF-I, insulin and leptin which are hormones that have also been implicated as risk factors for prostate cancer.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed2002

Plasma insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective study in northern Sweden.

BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has antiapoptotic and mitogenic effects on various cell types, and raised IGF-1 levels are increasingly being implicated as potential risk factors for cancer. AIMS: To examine the relationship between IGF-1 and its major plasma binding protein, IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and the risk of colorectal cancer. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study nested within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were measured in prediagnostic plasma samples from 168 men and women who developed cancers of the colon (n=110) or rectum (n=58), and from 336 matched controls. RESULTS: Conditional logistic regression analyses showed an increase in colon cancer risk with increasing levels of IGF-1 (odds ratios (ORs) 1.00, 1.89, 2.30, 2.66; p(trend)=0.03) and IGFBP-3 (ORs 1.00, 0.91, 1.80, 1.93; p(trend)=0.02). Rectal cancer risk was inversely related to levels of IGF-1 (ORs 1.00, 0.45, 0.33, 0.33; p(trend)=0.09) and IGFBP-3 (ORs 1.00, 0.75, 0.66, 0.49; p(trend)=0.21). Mutual adjustments between IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 did not materially alter these relationships. CONCLUSIONS: These results support earlier findings of increased risk of colon cancer in subjects with elevated plasma IGF-1. Our results however do not support the hypothesis that the risk of rectal cancer could also be directly related to IGF-1 levels.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Biodegradable polymer (D,L-lactide-epsilon-caprolactone) in aortic vascular prosthesis: morphological evaluation in an animal model.

Biodegradable D,L-Lactide-epsilon-caprolactone copolymer was used in substitution to bovine collagen to seal porosity in nine Dacron vascular Sorin Carbografts. One served as control and 8 were implanted in mini-pigs as vascular by-pass in the thoracic aorta. The grafts were explanted at 7 days (4 animals), 30 (2 animals) and at 90 days (2 animals), and submitted to gross examination, X-ray, histology and electron microscopy. Aim of the study was to assess the safety and the reliability of these polyester vascular prostheses impregnated with the copolymer in terms of containment of the bleeding in the perioperative period, host inflammatory response, copolymer biodegradation and prostheses "healing" All the grafts were patent at angiographic and X-ray examination. At 7 days blood infiltration between Dacron and copolymer lining was detected. Inflammatory granulocyte infiltrates and granulomatous reaction with polymer degradation was observed at 30 days and fibrous tissue healing at 90 days. Luminal surface was covered by thin thrombi at 7 and by a neointima at 30 and 90 days. We conclude that D,L-Lactide-epsilon-caprolactone copolymer is effective in preventing perigraft bleeding, even though an early hematoma between Dacron and the copolymer coating occurs. Copolymer is degraded through a mild inflammatory reaction, with eventual evolution to fibrous healing.

Angiography↗
PubMed2002

Monopharmacologic general anaesthesia with sevoflurane in paediatric patient with Prader-Willi syndrome.

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disease caused by a loss of paternal genes located in chromosome 15. Children affected by this syndrome often have preterm delivery; during childhood the hallmarks are: severe infantile hypotonia and feeding problems. Afterward, neurologic manifestations, endocrine signs and dysmetabolic abnormalities are usually seen together with craniofacial manifestations and musculoskeletal abnormalities. Obesity causes sleep abnormalities including sleep apnea. The case we present is of a 5 year old child (CA) scheduled for strabismus surgery. The child has a lot of typical (PWS) signs. A number of anaesthesiologic problems are associated with (PWS). Some of them relate to obesity, others to facial dysmorphism. Moreover, the syndrome may give a prolonged and exaggerated response to every sedative drug. P.W.S. is also characterized by thermoregulatory disorders. Sleep apnea occurs often. Considering all these problems, we planned a monopharmacologic anaesthesiologic procedure using sevoflurane.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed2001

A prospective study of insulin-like growth factor-I, IGF-binding proteins-1, -2 and -3 and lung cancer risk in women.

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has mitogenic and anti-apoptotic properties and has been implicated in the development of breast, colorectum, prostate and lung cancer. IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) are not only carrier proteins for IGFs but also hold a central position in IGF ligand-receptor interactions through influences on the bioavailability and distribution of IGFs in the extracellular environment. A case-control study nested within the New York University Women's Health Study Cohort included 93 women diagnosed with lung cancer at least 6 months after recruitment into the study. Two controls (n = 186) were matched to each case on age, date of blood sampling, menopausal status, day of menstrual cycle and questionnaire data of smoking status at the time of blood donation. Serum IGF-I, IGFBP-1, -2 and -3, insulin and cotinine were measured. Mean serum levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-1, -2 and -3 were not significantly different between the case and control groups. Univariate logistic regression analyses showed no association of lung cancer risk with serum levels of IGF-I or any of the IGFBPs. These results remained virtually the same in multivariate analyses, including adjustment for cotinine, time since last meal, BMI, IGF-I or IGFBP-3, respectively. Exclusion of cases diagnosed within 3 years of recruitment in the cohort, or restriction of the analyses to adenocarcinomas only, did not alter these results. Our study does not offer evidence in support of an association between prediagnostic serum levels of IGF-I or IGFBP-1, -2 and -3 and lung cancer risk in women.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Plasma prolactin and prostate cancer risk: A prospective study.

Prolactin, a pituitary peptide hormone with multiple effects, stimulates prostate growth in experimental models. In humans, prolactin receptors are present in the prostate and are particularly abundant in pre-cancerous lesions. This suggests that prolactin could also be involved in the development of prostate cancer. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that elevated levels of circulating prolactin are associated with an increase in prostate cancer risk. We conducted a case-control study nested within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort using plasma samples collected from 29,560 men at a health survey. We measured prolactin in plasma from 144 men who had a diagnosis of prostate cancer after a median follow-up time of 4 years after health survey and from 289 controls matched for age and date of recruitment. Risk was not associated with plasma prolactin levels in univariate regression analysis. Odds ratios of prostate cancer for increasing quartiles of prolactin were 1.0, 0.92 (95% CI 0.51-1.65), 0.82 (0.45-1.51) and 0.85 (0.49-1.47). Relative risk estimates remained unchanged after adjustments for height and weight or for plasma levels of testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3. Elevated circulating levels of prolactin were not related to an increase in prostate cancer risk, indicating that high circulating prolactin is not associated with development of prostate cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Acquired glomerulocystic kidney disease following hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Glomerulocystic kidney disease (GCKD) is a rare congenital condition that is usually reported in infants and young children. Only five cases of acquired GCKD after an acquired renal disease have been reported. Among these, two patients have developed cystic glomerular lesions following hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). We report a third case in a 2-year-old patient with this association. Common features between these three cases include atypical HUS, development of GCKD after prolonged peritoneal dialysis treatment, severe hypertension, and normal-sized kidneys without development of macroscopic cysts. Pathology findings in our patient include heavy expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in proximal tubules and evidence of obstruction of the glomerular outflow. We speculate that cystic dilatation of the Bowman's capsule may be secondary to ischemic lesions leading to proximal tubular obstruction.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2001

Determinants of circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding proteins 1-3 in premenopausal women: physical activity and anthropometry (Netherlands).

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiologic studies suggest that subjects with elevated plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I are at increased risk of developing cancer. The objective of our study was to assess whether cancer risk factors such as lack of physical activity, obesity, and central body fat distribution are associated with plasma levels of IGF-I and related proteins (i.e. IGF binding proteins 1-3 and C-peptide). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 225 premenopausal women, aged 49-57, participating in the Prospect-EPIC study in the Netherlands. Plasma concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, and C-peptide were determined. On the day of blood collection height, weight, and waist and hip circumference were measured. Habitual physical activity was assessed using a validated self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean concentrations of plasma IGF-I, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, and C-peptide were 156.1, 14.3, 434.4, 3062, and 2.86 ng/ml, respectively. Women in the highest tertile for physical activity had lower plasma concentrations of IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and C-peptide, and higher concentrations of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2, as compared to women in the lowest tertile. However, these differences were not statistically significant. BMI and related measures were significantly inversely associated with IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2, and positively with IGFBP-3 and C-peptide. Linear regression analyses showed that the non-significant association of physical activity with components of the plasma IGF system was further attenuated by adjusting for obesity and central body fat distribution. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that an active lifestyle is not independently associated with the plasma IGF system. We did confirm that a lean body shape is associated with higher concentrations of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2, and possibly also with lower concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

A cross-sectional study of IGF-I determinants in women.

Evidence is accumulating that elevated circulating insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is related to increased cancer risk. The identification of hormonal, reproductive and lifestyle characteristics influencing its synthesis and bioavailability is of particular interest. Data from 400 women, who served as controls in two case-control studies nested within the same prospective cohort study, were combined. IGF-I, IGF-binding proteins 1, 2 and 3 (IGFBP-1, -2, -3) and insulin were measured in serum samples from all subjects and cotinine in 186 samples. Age appears to be the most important determinant of total IGF-I levels in women. Anthropometric measures, such as body mass index (BMI) or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) do not seem to influence total IGF-I concentrations in peripheral blood, but may modulate IGF-I bioavailability through insulin-dependent changes in IGFBP-1 and -2 concentrations. Age at menarche, phase of the menstrual cycle at blood draw, parity, menopause, past oral contraceptive or hormone replacement therapy use, and tobacco smoking do not appear to exert an independent effect on IGF-I and its binding proteins. There was some suggestion that regular physical activity may increase total IGF-I and that women with positive family history of breast cancer might have higher IGF-I levels than those without such diagnosis in their relatives.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Reliability and validity of commercially available, direct radioimmunoassays for measurement of blood androgens and estrogens in postmenopausal women.

In large-scale epidemiological studies on endogenous sex steroids and cancer risk, direct immunoassays of circulating hormone levels have the advantage of being fast and comparatively inexpensive while requiring only small sample volumes. On the other hand, indirect assays after organic extraction and chromatographic prepurification have the advantage of reducing specific interferences and matrix effects and hence are thought to have better validity. We compared direct assays of testosterone (T, six different assays), Delta4-androstenedione (A, four assays), estrone (E(1), one assay), and 17beta-estradiol (E(2), five assays) with measurements obtained by an indirect assay in a representative subset of 20 postmenopausal women who were part of a large prospective cohort study. Within-batch reproducibilities of the subject rankings by relative hormone levels were good (intraclass correlations >0.89) for all direct assays tested. Between batches, reproducibilities generally were also acceptable (r > 0.80) to good (r > 0.90) in terms of Pearson's correlations. The between-batch reproducibility in terms of intraclass correlations was systematically lower in terms of Pearson's correlations, however, because of between-batch variations in the absolute scale of measurements. The relative validity of direct versus indirect assays in terms of the subjects' ranking by relative hormone levels was also high for most of the kits tested for T, A, and E(1) (Pearson's correlations between 0.70 and 0.89) but was high for only two kits of five tested for E(2) (correlations of 0.86 and 0.84). On an absolute scale, mean measurement values were generally higher for direct assays than for the indirect assay and, for each hormone, varied substantially, depending on the kit used. Overall, the results of this study show that, with careful selection, commercial kits for direct radioimmunoassays of steroid hormones in postmenopausal serum can be found that may allow a reliable estimation of relative risks in epidemiological studies. However, standardization of the absolute scale of assays remains problematic.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

A multicenter survey on automated peritoneal dialysis prescription in children.

Automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) is considered the first-choice chronic peritoneal dialysis modality for pediatric patients. Nighttime APD courses reduce the impact of PD treatment on a patient's and family's way of life, and the wide range of prescription options permit the dialysis schedule to be tailored to the needs of children of varying age and body size. We registered data concerning the dialytic regimens adopted in 12 pediatric dialysis centers for the treatment of 110 children on APD. Of the 110 children, 64 (aged 7.6 +/- 5.1 years) were on nightly intermittent peritoneal dialysis (NIPD); 29 (aged 9.2 +/- 4.3 years) were on tidal peritoneal dialysis (TPD); and 17 (aged 8.2 +/- 4.9 years) were on continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD). The main prescription parameters for the various regimens (mean +/- standard deviation) were these: NIPD--exchanges: 13.0 +/- 5.8; duration: 10.0 +/- 1.1 hours; dwell volume: 36.5 +/- 6.2 mL/kg body weight (BW); glucose concentration: 1.69% +/- 0.41%. TPD--exchanges: 23.3 +/- 8.1; duration: 10.0 +/- 1.0 hours; dwell volume: 36.1 +/- 5.9 mL/kg BW; glucose concentration: 1.63% +/- 0.37%. CCPD--exchanges: 13.0 +/- 4.7; duration: 10.1 +/- 1.3 hours; dwell volume: 37.7 +/- 5.2 mL/kg BW; glucose concentration: 1.65% +/- 0.28%. Tidal volume was 52.2% +/- 9.0% of initial fill volume. Daytime dwell volume was 54.8% +/- 17.3% of night volume in CCPD patients, and 56.6% +/- 13.3% in 9 patients on continuous TPD. Because the patient population in this report varied in age, body size, and metabolic needs, the resulting range in prescription parameters was quite wide. Nevertheless, the duration of nightly PD sessions averaged 10 hours, fill volume averaged 36 mL per kilogram body weight, and daytime volume averaged 50% of nighttime fill volume.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins, and prostate cancer risk: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that men with elevated plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) may have an increased risk of prostate cancer. Furthermore, IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and insulin can modulate the activity of IGF-I. In this study, we sought to determine the role of IGF-I as well as IGFBPs-1, -2, and -3 and insulin as possible etiologic factors for prostate cancer. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort Study. We measured levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, and insulin in plasma samples from 149 men who had a diagnosis of prostate cancer between 1 month and 10 years after blood collection and among 298 control men. All statistical tests are two-sided. RESULTS: Case subjects had statistically significantly higher mean levels of IGF-I than control subjects (229 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 218-240 ng/mL] versus 214 ng/mL [95% CI = 208-221 ng/mL]; P =.02) and IGFBP-3 (2611 ng/mL [95% CI = 2518-2704 ng/mL] versus 2498 ng/mL [95% CI = 2437-2560 ng/mL]; P =.04). Conditional logistic regression analyses showed increases in prostate cancer risk with rising levels of IGF-I (P:(for trend) =.02) and IGFBP-3 (P(for trend) =.03). In case subjects younger than 59 years at the time of blood collection, the risk associated with increased IGF-I was higher (P:(for trend) =.01), whereas the risk associated with increased IGFBP-3 was lower (P(for trend) =.44) than the corresponding risks in the full cohort. Prostate cancer risk was not associated with levels of IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, or insulin. CONCLUSIONS: Prostate cancer risk is increased in men with elevated plasma IGF-I. This association was particularly strong in younger men in this study, suggesting that circulating IGF-I may be specifically involved in the early pathogenesis of prostate cancer.

Age Factors↗