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Biomedical subjects

S Rosenzweig

Publications and source records attributed to S Rosenzweig.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Interleukin 1 beta mediates stress-induced immunosuppression via corticotropin-releasing factor.

Intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of human interleukin 1 beta (IL-1) into intact and adrenalectomized rats impairs immune function. Using antibody to IL-1 as well as an inhibitor of IL-1 action, we sought to determine if endogenous IL-1 in the central nervous system has a physiological role in mediating the immunosuppressive effects of stress. Compared with freely moving controls, rats given intermittent electric shock to the tail for 40 min exhibited a fall in T lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity of 33% and 38%, respectively; however, when pretreated with icv human IL-1 monoclonal antibody, which significantly crossreacts with rat IL-1, the decrement was attenuated to 14.6% and 15%, respectively. When rats were pretreated with icv alpha-MSH, which blocks many IL-1 effects, shock-induced suppression of 42% in both T lymphocyte proliferation and NK cytotoxicity were blunted to 33% and 31%, respectively. Similar results were found in adrenalectomized rats. These findings suggest that endogenous IL-1 is a physiologically relevant mediator of the immune response to stress. As IL-1 has been reported to release CRF, which we have shown always plays a significant role in stress-induced immunomodulation, we then assessed the relationship of IL-1 and CRF in immunosuppression. Infusion of icv IL-1 caused a decrease of 35% in T lymphocyte proliferation and 34% in NK activity, but pretreatment with CRF antibody icv attenuated IL-1 suppression of T lymphocyte proliferation and NK activity to 10% and 8%, respectively. Comparable results were observed in adrenalectomized rats. These findings suggest that CRF antibody is able to block the immunosuppressive effects of IL-1. To further examine the interaction of CRF in mediating stress-induced immunosuppression, we found that animals pretreated with icv CRF antibody, shocked and then given icv IL-1, had a decrement in T lymphocyte proliferation and NK cytotoxicity of 24% and 21%, respectively, demonstrating that the immunosuppressive effect of icv IL-1 is blocked when central CRF has been neutralized by prior administration of icv CRF antibody. In contrast, animals pretreated with icv IL-1 antibody, shocked and then given icv CRF, had decrements of 38% and 40%, respectively, showing that icv CRF does act even when central IL-1 has been neutralized by prior administration of icv IL-1 antibody. Thus, we conclude there is a sequential relationship between two of the known mediators of stress-induced immunosuppression, with release of central IL-1 followed by that of CRF.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Teaching the art of emergency medicine.

The devaluation of interpersonal skills in medical education and practice has contributed to the current breakdown of the patient-physician relationship. The proliferation of medical technologies and the rise of the medical-industrial complex require even greater competency in these skills. No guidelines exist for teaching and/or evaluating interpersonal skills within emergency medicine residency programs. A written survey sent to all directors of allopathic emergency medicine residencies revealed large differences among programs in terms of quantity of formal teaching and specific formats used. A literature review demonstrates the direct impact of interpersonal skills on patient care and suggests methods for measuring proficiency in these skills. Elements of a core curriculum are proposed.

Emergency Medicine↗
PubMed1989

The diagnosis and misdiagnosis of achalasia. A study of 25 consecutive patients.

An impression that achalasia remains an elusive diagnosis led us to review our recent experience. From August 1, 1985 to March 31, 1987, we saw 25 patients with "previously untreated" achalasia for consultation and/or treatment. Data was extracted from review of their records. Achalasia was the initial diagnosis in only 12 patients. The others were given diagnoses of gastroesophageal reflux (4), presbyesophagus (2), esophageal spasm (2), psychiatric disorders (2), and combination of various disorders (3). In the latter patients, various diagnostic studies were either inappropriately delayed or misinterpreted, so that incorrect diagnoses were given. Errors in diagnosis led to further inappropriate testing and therapies. We conclude that: (a) achalasia remains an elusive diagnosis in current practice, (b) errors in diagnosis are related to delay in obtaining appropriate studies or misinterpretation of such studies, and (c) this delay leads to persistent symptoms and ineffective and/or inappropriate therapies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Sally Beauchamp's career: a psychoarchaeological key to Morton Prince's classic case of multiple personality.

By the methods of psychoarchaeology, the identity of Sally Beauchamp, Morton Prince's classic case of multiple personality, has been established. The reconstructed life history has for the first time revealed the roots of the dissociative process. This goal was actually obscured by the tangled web of Prince's rambling 1906 book and his other publications on the case. The determinative events included two instances of sudden infant death during the childhood period of the patient, the earlier of which was apparently never even known to Dr. Prince. Though not mentioned in the patient's autobiography, it probably induced the initial dissociation to defend the integration of the personality. The relevance of the new concept of SIDS (since 1969) is considered. Other disturbing influences were the constant rejection of the patient by her mother, who died at an early age, and probable severe abuse by the widowed father which led her to run away from home (permanently) at age 16. Nine years afterward, therapy with Dr. Prince began and lasted seven years. It is suggested that this case and the parallel one of Breuer and Freud (Anna O.) be comparatively reexamined from the standpoint of modern feminism. The role of the conventional 19th-century woman was not acceptable to either of them, and both probably had an unusually large innate, bisexual endowment. Endogenous conflict, intensified by social demands, produced dissociation as a pseudo-solution until, through opportune therapy and other environmental opportunities, each was able to achieve a productive modus vivendi. The relation of bisexuality to the etiology of personality dissociation in general is considered. An incidental but instructive discovery made in the course of the Prince research was an unknown letter from William James to Morton Prince about The Dissociation of a Personality. This find points up the fact that James's final metaphysic was a form of pluralistic panpsychism derived from both psychical research and the contemporary knowledge about dissociated personality. James postulated a cosmic multiple personality.

Dissociative Identity Disorder↗
PubMed1982

Coordinate synthesis of the enzymes of pyrimidine biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis.

Strains of Bacillus subtilis that were resistant to repression of pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic enzymes were selected by isolating spontaneous uracil-tolerant derivatives of a uracil-sensitive strain, which lacks arginine-repressible carbamyl phosphate synthetase. The relative content of all six enzymes of uridylic acid biosynthesis de novo in these strains was in a constant ratio over a 10-fold range of derepression, which indicates that synthesis of these enzymes is coordinately regulated.

Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase↗
PubMed1976

Aggressive behavior and the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study.

The current status of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study, a measure of aggressive verbal behavior in response to frustration at the developmental levels of the child, the adolescent and the adult, is described. Conceived as generically or essentially self-assertive, aggression can be viewed as affirmative or negative, constructive or destructive in effect. Six categories, three under direction and three under type, have been conceptualized to define the modes of aggressive response. These interrelated categories combine into nine scoring factors. Norms at the various age levels have been established, and the reliability and validity of the instrument have veen determined. Pragmatic validity has been shown in the investigation of behavior disorders, psychosomatic conditions, delinquency, school adjustment, and a large variety of vocational and social problems. The P-F has been adapted and standardized world-wide (France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Argentina, Brazil, India, Japan). Its applicability in cross-cultural research has been demonstrated.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Guide to research on the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) Study, 1934-1974.

Research on and with the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustation (P-F) Study and its precursors, 1934-1974, is presented. Investigations with the original versions of the P-F in English and the parallel, standardized versions in Europe, Asia and the Americas are covered. More than 500 articles and books are organized by topic in a Citation Index giving authors and dates. The available references for a given topic can then be readily located. The major topics include basic (construct) research, reliability, validity, and pragmatic applications. These applications pertain to developmental and individual differences, clinical disorders, antisocial behavior, personnel selection, counseling and therapy, educational and school psychology, cultural and socioeconomic differences, and experimental psychodynamics.

Aggression↗
PubMed1976

Suggestions for teaching and evaluating a course in community dentistry.

A new approach to the teaching of behavioral sciences has been evaluated with one class of dental students. The findings suggest that educational environment and perceived qualities of instructor supportiveness are essential to the effectiveness of a socially oriented educational program.

Community Dentistry↗