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Biomedical subjects

S Roth

Publications and source records attributed to S Roth.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Modified ureteral stripping as an alternative to open surgical ureterectomy.

PURPOSE: Using a compression technique instead of the classical invagination technique in cases of total nephroureterectomy improves traction during transurethral stripping of the ureteral stump. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight patients underwent our modified compression technique. After nephrectomy a kinked 5F ureteral catheter is attached to the ureteral stump with a double ligation. Traction on the ureteral catheter is used to achieve ureteral compression. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative difficulties except for 1 dislodged ureteral catheter. No complications were associated with ureteral detachment or resection. CONCLUSION: Our technique offers an alternative to the classic invagination technique by increasing transurethral traction on the ureteral stump, while substantially decreasing the risk of ureteral catheter dislodgment.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Simplified uretero-intestinal implantation in continent cutaneous urinary diversion using ileovalvular segment as afferent loop and appendix as continent outlet.

PURPOSE: We performed continent cutaneous urinary diversion with implantation of ureters as in ileal loop diversion to reduce the risk of ureterointestinal implantation stricture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four patients underwent colonic pouch and 11 underwent ileocecal continent urinary diversion the ileocecal segment used as an afferent loop and the sphincter-like function of the ileocecal valve used as an antireflux mechanism. RESULTS: All preoperatively undilated renal units (26 of 30) remained postoperatively undilated. Of the 4 preoperatively dilated renal units 3 also showed postoperatively improvement (mean followup 8 months). However, after 3 to 14 months transient reflux occurred during contraction waves in the reservoir in 6 renal units. CONCLUSIONS: Our modified technique simplifies ureteral reimplantation and appears to diminish the postoperative complication of anastomotic structure. The solution to the problem of occasional reflux may be reinforcement of the ileocecal valve.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Continent cutaneous urinary diversion using the full-thickness bowel flap tube as continence mechanism: a simplified tunneling technique.

PURPOSE: We present a time and labor saving embedding technique for a full-thickness bowel flap tube used as a continent outlet. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 17 patients the bowel flap tube was extramurally embedded instead of being submucosally tunneled. The reservoir was attached to the abdominal wall to reinforce the continence mechanism and prevent the tunnel from opening. RESULTS: All 17 patients are completely continent and 14 of 16 evacuate urine easily with a 14F catheter. Due to recurrent stomal stenosis 1 patient with severe diabetes has undergone incontinent diversion. CONCLUSIONS: Our described tunneling procedure for the full-thickness bowel flap tube is easy to perform and provides excellent continence.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1996

Discordance of assay methods creates pitfalls for the interpretation of prostate-specific antigen values.

The availability of numerous different assays for the determination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has created substantial problems in the interpretation of PSA concentrations. Currently over 60 assays are commercially offered on the European market. The majority of the recently marketed assays are based on the commonly used reference range (< 4 ng/ml), although this rarely has been verified. Some manufacturers avoid specifying the range altogether, while others derive the data from very small collectives. Reference ranges established with sera of young males or even with an unspecified proportion of sera of females are not suitable for assessing the specificity of PSA assays for detecting prostate cancer among males older than age 50 years. Most manufacturers recommend that their assays not be used for diagnostic purposes but only for following up patients previously diagnosed with prostate cancer. Usually the physician remains unaware of this warning as well as of the name of the assay used. Since PSA concentrations may vary in identical samples by a factor of two depending on the assay used, the clinician in charge of interpreting the results needs to be aware of the method used and must have detailed information on the assay-specific reference range.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

cornichon and the EGF receptor signaling process are necessary for both anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral pattern formation in Drosophila.

In Drosophila, the dorsal-ventral polarity of the egg chamber depends on the localization of the oocyte nucleus and the gurken RNA to the dorsal-anterior corner of the oocyte. Gurken protein presumably acts as a ligand for the Drosophila EGF receptor (torpedo/DER) expressed in the somatic follicle cells surrounding the oocyte. cornichon is a gene required in the germline for dorsal-ventral signaling. cornichon, gurken, and torpedo also function in an earlier signaling event that establishes posterior follicle cell fates and specifies the anterior-posterior polarity of the egg chamber. Mutations in all three genes prevent the formation of a correctly polarized microtubule cytoskeleton required for proper localization of the anterior and posterior determinants bicoid and oskar and for the asymmetric positioning of the oocyte nucleus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Perioperative vascular flushing perfusion in acute mesenteric artery occlusion.

AIM: To evaluate in animals and patients a perioperative vascular flushing perfusion with antioxidants in order to improve postischaemic condition of the bowel and hence, to prolong the warm ischaemia tolerance time. MATERIALS: 40 rats and 10 patients with acute mesenteric artery occlusion. METHODS: Intestinal ischaemia was induced in 40 rats by clipping the superior mesenteric artery for 1 h. Thirty animals received a vascular flushing perfusion with oxygen radical scavengers (ascorbate, tocopherol or oxypurinol). Histology, ATP, ADP levels were examined in tissue biopsies and malondialdehyde, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase levels were measured in blood during ischaemia and 60 min after reperfusion. RESULTS: ATP restoration was particularly improved in the oxypurinol group (ATP/ADP-ratio = 2 vs. 1.2 in the control group). Malondialdehyde increase observed after reperfusion as a marker of radical induced lipid destruction was significantly attenuated (control group 160% of base level vs. 127% in the ascorbate group, 133% in the tocopherol group, 121% in the oxypurinol group). Histological alterations during ischaemia/reperfusion were markedly less extensive in the perfusion groups than in control. The patients treated perioperatively with arterial flushing perfusion had an overall mortality of 10%. CONCLUSION: Vascular flushing perfusion with oxygen radical scavengers prevents radical induced ischaemic damage and may prolong the warm ischaemic tolerance time of the intestine.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Lymphocyte subpopulations and concentrations of soluble CD8 and CD4 antigen after anaerobic training.

In 13 middle-aged, moderately trained men (40-60 yr) we investigated the influence of anaerobic training on immunological parameters measured at rest. The 4 week anaerobic training program (two 30-min sessions weight lifting and one interval training per week; lactate levels 4-6 mM and 8-10 mM, respectively), caused a significant increase of the mean arm muscle force by 7% (handgrip test, p < 0.05). Evaluation of lymphocyte subsets was performed by means of three-colour immunofluorescence analysis (FACS). After 4 weeks of training we found a significant reduction of the CD4+ T-cell counts by 15% (p < 0.05) paralleled by a fall of naive cells (CD3+/CD4+/CD45RA+) by 16%, which, however, was statistically not significant. While percentages of CD3+ lymphocytes decreased significantly by 6% (p < 0.001), absolute numbers of CD3+ T-lymphocytes were not detectably affected and also the relative ratio of CD8+ T-cell subsets, i.e. the ratio of suppressor vs cytotoxic T-cells (CD3+/CD8+/CD11b+, CD3+/CD8+/CD11b- respectively) remained unchanged. Likewise the serum concentrations of the soluble CD8 and CD4 antigen (sCD8/sCD4) as determined by sandwich enzyme immunoassays were found to be unaffected. We conclude that 40-60 years old healthy human subjects performing anaerobic training experience on average a significant decrease of circulating CD4+ T-lymphocytes, while other parameters including the activation parameters sCD8 and sCD4 remained unchanged.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The Drosophila cell cycle gene fizzy is required for normal degradation of cyclins A and B during mitosis and has homology to the CDC20 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The Drosophila cell cycle gene fizzy (fzy) is required for normal execution of the metaphase-anaphase transition. We have cloned fzy, and confirmed this by P-element mediated germline transformation rescue. Sequence analysis predicts that fzy encodes a protein of 526 amino acids, the carboxy half of which has significant homology to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle gene CDC20. A monoclonal antibody against fzy detects a single protein of the expected size, 59 kD, in embryonic extracts. In early embryos fzy is expressed in all proliferating tissues; in late embryos fzy expression declines in a tissue-specific manner correlated with cessation of cell division. During interphase fzy protein is present in the cytoplasm; while in mitosis fzy becomes ubiquitously distributed throughout the cell except for the area occupied by the chromosomes. The metaphase arrest phenotype caused by fzy mutations is associated with failure to degrade both mitotic cyclins A and B, and an enrichment of spindle microtubules at the expense of astral microtubules. Our data suggest that fzy function is required for normal cell cycle-regulated proteolysis that is necessary for successful progress through mitosis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Surgical management of renal cell cancer with extension into the vena cava: usefulness of intra-operative sonography.

Intracaval tumour extension represents a significant surgical problem in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Although pre-operative imaging techniques provide sufficient visualization for the planning of the majority of operative procedures, intra-operative ultrasound is nonetheless beneficial in some cases. In 3 patients, the procedure has given an accurate evaluation of the extent of the tumour thrombus. It has allowed safe placement of instruments which had lessened the risk of thrombus dislodgement. Intra-operative sonography is simple to perform and can be considered a valuable new adjunct in the evaluation and management of renal cell carcinoma with intracaval tumour extension. New technological advances may eventually improve the quality of intra-operative imaging.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1995

Recurrence rates and severity of urinary calculi.

During the last ten years, data of urinary calculi was received in 4094 cases on the criterion of "recurrence", whereby the answer was "yes" in 1446 cases. The overall "adjusted relative recurrence rate" (ARRR) is therefore 35.3%. The importance of an exact physical analysis of urinary stones, involving a differentiation of the various Ca oxalates and Ca phosphates, becomes clear looking at the high recurrence rates for the monomineralic stones of the Ca stone class like brushite and weddellite (ARRR = 66.7% and 50.0%, respectively) compared to apatite and whewellite (ARRR = 36.5% and 29.2%, respectively). Dramatic changes in the composition of the recurrent stone were observed only in 12.7% of all cases. The highest ARRR was found in infection stones with a large content of struvite (about 75%), whereas the total recurrence rate of the infection stone class was about 38%. An assessment of the "danger" of a urinary stone taking into account the criteria of "composition" and "prevalence to recur" is given.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Post-ischemic hyperemia in the cat retina: the effects of adenosine receptor blockade.

Significant hyperemia results after 1 h of retinal ischemia in cats. Adenosine receptor blockade significantly attenuates the increase in retinal blood flow that occurs in response to systemic hypoxia. Synthesizing these findings, I hypothesized that adenosine receptor antagonism would attenuate the increase in blood flow that follows retinal ischemia. In these experiments, blood flows were measured with radioactively labeled microspheres in the retina and choroid of adult cats anesthetized with chloralose and acepromazine. Ischemia was induced for 1 h in both eyes by elevation of intraocular pressure above systolic arterial pressure. Blood flows were measured before ischemia and 5 min after the return of normal intraocular pressure. In each animal, after baseline blood flows were determined and approximately 10-15 min before ischemia was induced, one eye received 0.1 ml of intravitreal 0.01M 8-sulfophenyltheophylline, a polar adenosine receptor antagonist, while the opposite eye, the control, received an equal volume of intravitreal saline. Arterial blood gas tensions, systemic arterial pressure, hematocrit, and anesthetic level were kept constant during the experimental protocol. Compared with control eyes, hyperemia was significantly attenuated in the retinal circulation after ischemia in eyes injected with 8-sulfophenyltheophylline. Increase in post-ischemic choroidal blood flow was not affected. Although adenosine is involved in the vasodilatation that occurs when blood flow is restored after retinal ischemia, adenosine receptor blockade did not completely abolish hyperemia, implying that blockade was incomplete or other vasoactive substances also affect post ischemic hyperemia in the retina.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1995

DNA-damage detection in man after radiation exposure--the comet assay--its possible application for human biomonitoring.

The exposure of human beings to ionizing radiation is still of great concern to occupational and environmental medicine. The goal of this workshop is to identify a panel of biological markers that could be used in humans after exposure to ionizing radiation. The comet assay or single cell gel (SCG) assay is a new method that allows efficient determination of single-strand breaks (SSB) and double-strand breaks (DSB), as well as alkali-labile sites in the DNA of single cells. In order to demonstrate the practicability of the comet assay for the detection of DNA damage caused by low doses of ionizing radiation, we exposed human peripheral blood cells to radiation in vitro. The extent of DNA damage in blood cells irradiated with x-rays (0.05-1 Gy) was significantly increased above the control values even at 0.05 Gy and shows a clear dose-relationship. To investigate the repair kinetics for x-ray-induced DNA damage following acute and chronic (fractionated) irradiation, we exposed peripheral blood to 1 Gy and examined the tail moment at different time intervals. The effect of one acute dose is repaired within two h, whereas the effect of fractionated irradiation gives a totally different result. The tail moment of the initial damage increased indicating an accumulation of the damage, and the repair activity clearly decreased. Until now, there was no data available concerning DNA damage in vivo. For this reason, we explored patients subjected to radioiodine therapy as well as a Chernobyl liquidator.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Risk of bowel dysfunction with diarrhea after continent urinary diversion with ileal and ileocecal segments.

PURPOSE: In a retrospective study we evaluated the risk of diarrhea after continent urinary diversion using ileal and ileocecal segments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We interviewed 100 patients of whom 65 underwent ileal and 35 underwent ileocecal resection. RESULTS: Of the 65 patients who underwent ileal resection 7 (11%) and of the 35 who underwent ileocecal resection 8 (23%) reported chronic diarrhea of greater than 6 months in duration, which subsided spontaneously in 2 patients in each group. In each group 3 patients responded well to cholestyramine treatment and 3 responded to loperamid or psyllium. Two patients with ileocecal resection failed to respond to drug therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of diarrhea after ileocecal resection seems to be twice as high as after ileal resection. Most patients responded to symptomatic drug therapy. Alternative surgical therapies should be considered when risk factors are present.

Cecum↗