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S Rouse

Publications and source records attributed to S Rouse.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Utility of the MMPI-2 in assessing gender dysphoric patients.

We compared MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) profiles of 2 groups of adult biological men requesting sex reassignment surgery; 1 group was diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev. [DSM-III-R]; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) transsexualism and the other with gender identity disorder of adolescence and adulthood, nontranssexual type (GIDAANT). Although the mean profiles for the transsexual group did not demonstrate any psychopathology, the GIDAANT group showed moderate psychopathology. A cluster analysis indicated that 85% of the transsexual group showed low psychopathology and 47% of the GIDAANT group showed severe psychopathology. Neither the MMPI-2 results nor the DSM-III-R clinical evaluation support the conclusion of many authors that transsexualism is associated with severe personality disorder; rather, the data indicate that transsexualism and other gender identity disorders without persistent wish for sex reassignment differ significantly in degree of psychopathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Does long-term finasteride therapy affect the histologic features of benign prostatic tissue and prostate cancer on needle biopsy? PLESS Study Group. Proscar Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Study.

OBJECTIVES: Finasteride, a common agent used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), inhibits 5-alpha-reductase. Testosterone is converted by 5-alpha-reductase to the more potent dihydrotestosterone, which is the primary androgen in the prostate. Leuprolide is a stronger antiandrogen that is used to downstage prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy. Leuprolide induces marked atrophy of prostate carcinoma cells, which sometimes makes pathologic diagnosis of cancer difficult, although evaluation at radical prostatectomy is easier than at biopsy. It is unknown whether finasteride produces similar changes, which would result in greater diagnostic difficulty because such changes would be seen on biopsy to rule out cancer in men with suspicious clinical findings treated for BPH. The current study investigated the histologic effects of finasteride therapy on human prostate cancer and benign prostatic tissue on needle biopsy. METHODS: In blinded manner, we reviewed 53 needle biopsy specimens showing prostate carcinoma (35 treated with finasteride, 18 with placebo). Also reviewed in blinded manner were 50 benign needle biopsy specimens (25 treated with finasteride, 25 with placebo). The Gleason score, number of cores involved, percentage cancer involvement in a core, percentage of atrophic changes in cancer cells, presence of mitoses, blue-tinged mucinous secretions, prominent nucleoli, and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia were documented for each case in the cancer group. The percentage of atrophy, basal cell hyperplasia, transitional metaplasia, chronic inflammation, and stromal proliferation was documented for each case in the benign group. RESULTS: No significant histologic differences were present in either the benign or cancer group between cases treated with finasteride and placebo. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that finasteride treatment for BPH does not cause difficulty in the diagnosis of cancer in prostate needle specimens. It is possible that there are severely atrophic areas resulting from finasteride treatment that are undersampled. However, the conclusion that cancer seen on needle biopsy in men treated with finasteride is unaltered and readily identified as cancer remains valid.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Generation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin by enzymatic deglycosylation of human transferrin.

Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) molecules are transferrin isoforms that lack one or both of the carbohydrate groups attached to a normal human transferrin molecule. CDT has been reported to be a sensitive and specific marker for diagnosing alcoholism. This report demonstrates the in vitro generation of CDT molecules that can potentially be used as the standard in measuring CDT concentrations. This was achieved by deglycosylation of human transferrin with the enzyme Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F2 (Endo-F2). The enzyme was immobilized on sepharose beads, which were packed into a column. The immobilization of the enzyme not only eliminated the Endo-F2 contamination of CDT, but also rendered the enzyme suitable for repetitive use. In this manner, it was possible to obtain at least 200 mg of CDT over a period of more than 3 mo, without any noticeable decrease of enzyme activity, using only 3.0 micrograms of enzyme. This proved to be an efficient method for generating CDT.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1998

Activation of latent transgenes in Arabidopsis using a hybrid transcription factor.

A hybrid transcription factor comprising a fusion of the DNA-binding domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4 and the transcription activation domain of maize C1 was expressed in stably transformed Arabidopsis. Additional transgenic lines were created containing test genes controlled by a synthetic promoter consisting of concatemeric copies of the cis-acting site recognized by GAL4 (UASG) fused to a minimal promoter. The GAL4/C1 effector line was crossed to two lines containing a synthetic promoter/GUS fusion. Both histochemical staining and GUS activity assays indicate strong activation of GUS expression was achieved only after crossing. The GAL4/C1 effector line was also crossed to 15 lines containing a synthetic promoter/antisense adenylosuccinate synthetase gene. Severely retarded growth, and in some cases lethality, was observed in 40% of the F1 lines. This system of activation by crossing is generally useful for activating expression of test transgenes.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed1997

Superinfection with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 can reactivate virus production in baboons but is contained by a CD8 T cell antiviral response.

An animal model was used to assess whether resistance to superinfection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can exist in vivo. Asymptomatic baboons (Papio cynocephalus), previously infected with HIV-2, were first challenged with homologous virus (HIV-2UC2 or HIV-2UC14) and later with heterologous virus (HIV-2UC12). After both virus inoculations, either resistance to viral infection or a transient viremia was observed. The original virus was recovered in 3 baboons, suggesting that reactivation of a latent infection occurred on heterologous challenge and that HIV-2 superinfection is blocked by processes established during prior infection. Antibody titers measured by ELISA and virus neutralization remained at low levels. However, suppression of HIV-1 replication was observed with CD8 T cells and filtered cell culture supernatants. The soluble factor involved was not a beta-chemokine. This resistance to HIV superinfection appears to be mediated at least in part by CD8 T cells that suppress virus production.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Plasma amino acid dysregulation after lentiviral infection.

The absence of AIDS-like symptoms in HIV-infected chimpanzees and SIV-infected African Green monkeys (AGMs) may provide important clues about the pathogenic mechanism of AIDS and about mechanisms of resistance. HIV-infected persons and SIV-infected rhesus macaques have, on the average, markedly decreased cysteine, cystine, and glutathione levels and elevated plasma glutamate concentrations. Glutamate inhibits the membrane transport of cystine and a combination of low plasma glutamate and high cystine levels was found to be correlated with high CD4+ T cell numbers even in HIV-negative healthy human individuals. We have now found that glutamate and cystine levels are also correlated with CD4+ T cell numbers in chimpanzees. But infection of chimpanzees, AGMs, and goats with HIV-1, SIV, and caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV), respectively, does not induce significant changes in plasma cystine or glutamate levels, although infected AGMs and goats have, on the average, significantly elevated plasma levels of the biochemically related amino acid proline.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

Erythrocyte choline concentrations and cluster headache.

Erythrocyte choline concentrations were measured in patients with cluster headache and age related control subjects. Concentrations were significantly reduced in the patients with headache both during a cluster period and between clusters, being 58% and 55% of the control value, respectively. After two weeks' treatment with lithium, choline concentrations in the patients with cluster headache increased to 78 times the control value (mean 369.2 mumol/l (3840 micrograms/100 ml) compared with 4.7 mumol/l (49 micrograms/100 ml]. The presence of depressed erythrocyte choline concentrations during and between cluster attacks indicates that this may be a predisposing condition which results in a cluster attack only when associated with a trigger factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Evidence for an inherited predisposition to alcoholic pancreatitis. A controlled HLA typing study.

To investigate the role of heredity in alcoholic pancreatitis, an HLA typing study has been performed. Patients with alcoholic pancreatitis exhibited an increased frequency of HLA Bw 39 when compared with the general population [13.6% vs 3.3%, P (corrected) less than 0.02; relative risk 4.7]. Alcoholics without pancreatitis did not differ from the general population with respect to HLA status, indicating that the increased incidence of HLA Bw 39 was related to alcoholic pancreatitis rather than to alcoholism itself. Thus, this study has provided evidence for a genetic predisposition to alcoholic pancreatitis.

Alcoholism↗