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Biomedical subjects

S Rowe

Publications and source records attributed to S Rowe.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Expressed emotion and schizophrenia: the ontogeny of EE during an 18-month follow-up.

Key relatives of 30 first or early admission psychotic patients (mainly with a diagnosis of schizophrenia) were interviewed (for a second time) 18 months after participating in an initial assessment of expressed emotion (EE). The patients were followed up throughout the interim period, during which time 17 experienced a psychotic relapse. Although there continued to be a negligible association between initial EE rating (established during the index admission) and relapse, a significant association between EE rating at 18 months and psychiatric status of the patient during the follow-up period emerged. Results are discussed in the context of recent interactional theories of the relationship between household EE and psychiatric morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Acquaintance rape: the effect of race of defendant and race of victim on white juror decisions.

Racial bias appears to lead jurors in trials of stranger rape to convict Black defendants more readily and to sentence them more harshly than White defendants. It was hypothesized that jurors in an acquaintance rape case would demonstrate a different pattern of bias, based not only on the race of the defendant but also on the racial nature of the defendant-victim relationship. White American undergraduates read a trial transcript that established defendant-victim familiarity and sexual contact but was ambiguous about the victim's consent. Race of defendant and of victim (Black or White) were varied on a 2 x 2 design. The participants were asked to rate the guilt of the defendant and to recommend a sentence. Both Black and White defendants were rated as more guilty when the victim's race differed from their own.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Psychiatric morbidity in older people with moderate and severe learning disability. I: Development and reliability of the patient interview (PAS-ADD).

This paper describes the development of the PAS-ADD, a semistructured clinical interview for use specifically with patients with learning disabilities, based on items drawn from the PSE. The PAS-ADD includes a number of novel features including: parallel interviewing of patient and informant; a three-tier structure to provide a flexible interview appropriate to the patient's intellectual level; use of a memorable 'anchor event' in the patient's life to improve time focus; and simplified wording, improved organisation and lay out. Inter-rater reliability was investigated using an experimental design in which two raters viewed and re-rated videotaped PAS-ADD interviews which had been conducted by an experienced clinician. Reliability results compared favourably with those obtained in a major study of PSE reliability with a sample drawn from non-learning disabled individuals. Mean kappa for all items was 0.72. Other indexes of reliability were also good. In the current phase of development, the PAS-ADD is to be expanded to include further diagnostic categories, including schizophrenia and autism. The new version will be updated for use with ICD-10 criteria.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Tumor-cell DNA content predicts outcome in children and adolescents with clinical group III embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Committee of the Children's Cancer Group and the Pediatric Oncology Group.

PURPOSE: The prognostic value of tumor-cell DNA content (ploidy) was evaluated in children with unresectable, nonmetastic rhabdomyosarcoma of embryonal histology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Flow-cytometric techniques were used to estimate the ploidy of tumor specimens from 34 patients with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma who were enrolled in the intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study III (IRS III) from 1985 to 1991. Tumors were classified as diploid or hyperdiploid (DNA content, 1.1 to 1.8 times that of normal diploid cells). The influence of ploidy on clinical outcome was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier technique and Cox regression analysis with stepwise selection. RESULTS: Twelve of the tumor specimens were diploid and 22 were hyperdiploid. The patient groups defined by diploid or hyperdiploid tumors had similar presenting characteristics (eg, age, tumor size, and anatomic site). Significantly more children with hyperdiploid tumors achieved a complete response than did children with diploid tumors (85% v 42%; P = .01). The probability of progression-free survival at 5 years (+/- SE) was 91% +/- 6% for the hyperdiploid group, compared with 17% +/- 11% for the diploid group (P < .001). Hyperdiploidy was also associated with a significantly higher overall survival rate at 5 years: 96% +/- 4% versus 50% +/- 14% (P = .004). Ploidy retained its prognostic significance after adjustment for tumor site in the Cox regression model. CONCLUSION: Tumor-cell ploidy strongly correlates with outcome in children with nonmetastic, unresectable embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The two biologically distinct groups identified by this measure would benefit from further refinements in risk-directed therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Use of injectable progestin (medroxyprogesterone acetate) in adolescent health care.

To assess medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) prescription practices in adolescent health care practices, an anonymous questionnaire was distributed to 160 American and Canadian physicians attending the 1991 meetings of either the Society for Adolescent Medicine or the North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Of 54 (33.7%) physicians who responded, 33 (61.1%) reported prior prescription of an injectable progestin (DMPA) as a form of birth control. Of those, 15 (45.5%) had prescribed it to 10 or more adolescents. Twelve (57%) pediatricians but only 3 (25%) gynecologists reported prescribing DMPA to 10 or more adolescents (p = 0.074). Female physicians were more likely to have prescribed DMPA to adolescents than male physicians (p = 0.009). Mental retardation was considered the strongest "potential indication" for DMPA administration by 48 physicians responding to a 5-point Likert scale. The study suggests that physicians with interest or expertise in Adolescent Medicine are using DMPA as a form of birth control for selected young women in spite of the lack of Food and Drug Administration approval. A centralized DMPA registry is suggested to monitor adverse outcomes in users.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Ophthalmologic manifestations of genitourinary diseases.

There are several urologic disorders which also involve the eye and orbit. We have compiled examples of these and reviewed the literature. Metastasis from genitourinary malignancy (including neuroblastoma), Wilms tumor, Reiter syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, von Hippel-Lindau disease, and oxalosis may all have ophthalmologic manifestations. Urologists need to be aware of these and obtain appropriate consultation in order to fully care for patients with these diseases.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Chronic recurrent headaches in children.

Chronic recurrent headaches in children can be classified into distinct categories based on a careful history and physical examination. Migraine and muscle contraction headaches are common in the pediatric population. Laboratory studies should be limited to those individuals who have other signs or symptoms accompanying headaches that raise concern. Reassurance about the underlying pathophysiology of vascular or muscle contraction headaches, their benign nature, and favorable prognosis may not only relieve associated anxiety that may produce or prolong headache, but also may relieve the headache itself. Symptomatic mild analgesics and behavioral medicine therapy are often sufficient, although occasionally prophylactic pharmacotherapy is required. The long-term prognosis for children with chronic recurrent headaches is generally favorable.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Expressed emotion and early onset schizophrenia: a one year follow-up.

Key relatives of 33 first or early admission psychotic patients (mainly schizophrenics) were interviewed to determine household levels of expressed emotion (EE). The patients were followed up for 12 months from index admission, during which time 13 (39%) experienced psychotic relapse. There was no association between relapse rate and household EE, but correlations between individual components of EE and pre-morbid measures suggest that level of criticism may be related to less acute onset of index episode, greater elapsed time since first signs of illness, and poor adjustment in the realm of work/study. The results are discussed in the context of continuing uncertainties about the precise nature of the relationship between EE and relapse.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Nasal administration of a cognition enhancer provides improved bioavailability but not enhanced brain delivery.

Compound 1 [3,3-bis(4-pyridylmethyl)-1-phenylindolin-2-one] is an experimental cognition-enhancing drug now being developed for cognitive disorders. Oral bioavailability of 1 in rats was less than 10% of the dose. Nasal dosing improved bioavailability to greater than 50%. Brain levels of total radioactivity were measured after iv and nasal doses of radiolabeled 1. The ratio of AUCbrain:AUCplasma was the same by both routes, so nasal dosing did not enhance brain delivery. This is in contrast to other reports of large molecular weight substances and metals gaining direct access to the brain through the nasal epithelium.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1987

Clinical comparison of the Oculab Tono-Pen to the Goldmann applanation tonometer.

The Oculab Tono-Pen tonometer was compared with the Goldmann applanation tonometer through studies on 197 eyes of 103 patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension to evaluate the reliability of the Tono-Pen in determining intraocular pressure (IOP). Patients were randomized into four groups and all applanations were done by the same investigator. The Tono-Pen initially used (Tono-Pen #1) failed to calibrate after being used on 77 eyes. Tono-Pen #2 was then obtained and tested. Each Tono-Pen showed high correlation with the Goldmann readings (r greater than or equal to 0.86 in both eyes). The overall sensitivity of the Tono-Pen in detecting IOPs of 21 mmHg or higher (as measured by the Goldmann instrument) was 62.1% in right eyes, 72.4% in left eyes, with corresponding specificities of 92.6% in the right and 97.1% in the left. Given the substantial increase in sensitivity noted with Tono-Pen #2, the Tono-Pen appears adequate for screening programs where an IOP of 21 mmHg or above is considered abnormal; however, at higher IOPs (greater than or equal to 30 mmHg) the Tono-Pens tended to underestimate Goldmann IOPs. At low IOPs (less than or equal to 9 mmHg) the Tono-Pens tended to overestimate the IOPs. Perhaps with further modifications of the instrument, it could be used for clinical diagnosis and management of glaucoma patients.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1983

Familial cutaneous malignant melanoma: autosomal dominant trait possibly linked to the Rh locus.

Segregation and linkage analyses were undertaken in families with multiple cases of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) and a recently-described melanoma precursor, the dysplastic nevus syndrome (DNS). Clinical and laboratory data, including 23 genetic markers, were collected on 401 members of 14 high-risk kindreds. Pedigree analysis was compatible with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance for the familial CMM trait. Although a similar model probably applies to the DNS trait as well, segregation analysis could not confirm the presence of a major locus. However, linkage analysis suggested that an autosomal dominant model was appropriate for the DNS, and that a DNS/CMM susceptibility gene may be located on the short arm of chromosome 1, within 30 map units of the Rh locus [maximum logarithm of odds (lod) score = 2.00].

Chromosomes, Human↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nonorganic hearing loss in children--a 2-year study.

Nonorganic hearing loss or pseudohypacusis is a condition in which there is an apparent hearing loss without any evidence of an organic cause. In a 2-year period, 43 children were seen in our department with this diagnosis. Thirty-three of them were female and 10 were male. Their hearing loss varied from 30 dB HL to 100 dB HL. The diagnosis made on clinical impression was confirmed using the ascending and the descending mode pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, stapedial reflexes and speech audiometry. Explanation, encouragement and reassurance were the only treatment required in these patients. All the 43 patients showed normal pure tone thresholds within a period of 1 year.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗