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Biomedical subjects

S Roy

Publications and source records attributed to S Roy.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Complications of deep nonpenetrating sclerectomy].

The typical complications related to nonpenetrating surgery are the rupture of the trabeculodescemetic membrane; postoperative ocular hypertension, which requires a laser goniopuncture; fibrosis of the filtering bleb, which is best cured by local antimetabolite application; or the development of a polycystic bleb, which is efficiently resolved by needling. While small perforation of the trabeculodescemetic membrane can be handled using simple countermeasures, large breaks ultimately result in converting the surgery into a penetrating procedure akin to trabeculectomy. Other classical complications can arise that comprise shallow anterior chamber, positive Seidel, hyphema, severe inflammation, choroidal detachment, or prolonged hypotony with associated maculopathy. They can occur in other types of filtering surgery as they are not specific to the nonpenetrating procedure and they differ only in prevalence.

Glaucoma↗
PubMed2006

A prospective double-blind randomised controlled trial of intraoperative pelvic instillation with bupivacaine for management of pain following laparoscopy and dye.

The aim of this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine following laparoscopy and dye test. Women received either 15 ml of 0.9% saline (n= 42) or 15 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine (n= 43), which was instilled intraperitoneally. Pain and nausea scores were recorded on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Pain perception was no different in the bupivacaine group compared with the control group with median values of VAS at 2 hours (18, 19; P= 0.8), 6 hours (21, 22; P= 0.5), 12 hours (19, 25; P= 0.8), 24 hours (27, 27; P= 0.9) and 48 hours (21, 13; P= 0.26). Women in the bupivacaine group were less nauseated than controls in the immediate postoperative period (with median VAS scores of 0, 8; P value = 0.03 at 2 hours and 0, 7; P= 0.01 at 6 hours).

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed2006

An antiviral protein having deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease activity from leaves of the post-flowering stage of Celosia cristata.

An antiviral protein named CCP-27 was purified from the leaves of Celosia cristata at the post-flowering stage by anion-exchange, cation-exchange, and gel-filtration chromatography. It exhibited resistance against sunnhemp rosette virus in its test host Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. It also exhibited deoxyribonuclease activity against supercoiled pBlueScript SK+ plasmid DNA. It was found to nick supercoiled DNA into nicked circular form at lower protein concentration followed by nicked to linear form conversion at higher protein concentration. CCP-27 also possesses strong ribonuclease activity against Torula yeast rRNA.

Antitussive Agents↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of cytotoxic potential of latex of Calotropis procera and podophyllotoxin in Allium cepa root model.

In the present study we have utilized the Allium cepa root tip meristem model to evaluate the cytotoxic and anti-mitotic activities of latex of Calotropis procera (DL) and podophyllotoxin. Standard cytotoxic drug cyclophosphamide and non-cytotoxic drugs cyprohcptadine and aspirin served as controls. Like cyclophosphamide, both DL and podophyllotoxin significantly inhibited the growth of roots and mitotic activity in a dose-dependent manner. However, podophyllotoxin was more potent in this regard and produced root decay. Cyproheptadine and aspirin, on the other hand, showed a marginal effect on the root growth and mitotic activity at much higher concentrations.

Calotropis↗
PubMed2005

Leech bite: a rare gynecologic emergency.

Vaginal bleeding as the result of a leech bite is a rare occurrence. We report 2 cases of vaginal bleeding in young girls that resulted from a leech bite and required treatment. Clinical presentation and management for young girls is described. Health professionals working in rural areas where leech infestation is common should be aware that children are at risk for leech bites in the genital region; a high index of suspicion is of great help to make an early diagnosis and ensure prompt treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Antioxidant and protective effect of latex of Calotropis procera against alloxan-induced diabetes in rats.

In the present study, dry latex (DL) of Calotropis procera possessing potent anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated for its antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic effects against alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. Daily oral administration of DL at 100 and 400 mg/kg doses produced a dose-dependent decrease in the blood glucose and increase in the hepatic glycogen content. DL also prevented the loss of body weight in diabetic rats and brought down the daily water consumption to values comparable to normal rats. DL also produced an increase in the hepatic levels of the endogenous antioxidants, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione, while it brought down the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The efficacy of DL as an antioxidant and as an anti-diabetic agent was comparable to the standard anti-diabetic drug, glibenclamide.

Alloxan↗
PubMed2005

Depth profile of uncompensated spins in an exchange bias system.

We have used the unique spatial sensitivity of polarized neutron and soft x-ray beams in reflection geometry to measure the depth dependence of magnetization across the interface between a ferromagnet and an antiferromagnet. The net uncompensated magnetization near the interface responds to applied field, while uncompensated spins in the antiferromagnet bulk are pinned, thus providing a means to establish exchange bias.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

The role of an over-the-counter vaginal pH self-test device package insert: can subjects learn what the device is for and how to use it?

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine whether subjects could read and understand the package insert of a vaginal pH self-test device to improve self-diagnostic accuracy. STUDY DESIGN: This study was performed at 8 clinic locations with 206 women of varying ages, ethnicity, and education. A package insert explaining the indications and clinical facts associated with the use of a vaginal pH self-test device was used. A 16-item questionnaire was administered to assess comprehension. RESULTS: The cumulative probability of having 12 or more correct answers of 16 was P = .038, significantly different than by chance alone, representing 200 (97.1%) of subjects in this trial. CONCLUSION: The package insert for the vaginal pH self-test device was read and understood by subjects. Indeed, they correctly understood the role of vaginal pH as an aid in the diagnosis of vaginal symptoms while improving decisions to use an over-the-counter antifungal medication or to see a health care provider.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Bacterial contamination of enteral nutrition in a paediatric hospital.

A prospective study was performed in a paediatric hospital to evaluate the incidence of bacterial contamination in enteral nutrition bags and to determine the critical points of process. During two separate one-month periods, all children receiving pump-assisted enteral nutrition were enrolled in the study. Samples for microbiological analysis were collected from enteral nutrition bags after administration in the first and second study period (sample T(2)). In the second study period, two additional samples were made at the end of the feed preparation process. One was refrigerated immediately (sample T(0)) and the other was sealed in a tube that followed the enteral nutrition solution until the end of its administration (sample T(1)). Bacterial contamination was detectable above 10(2)cfu/mL. Twenty-six out of 40 patients were included in the first study period and 14 out of 44 in the second study period. Contamination (>10(2)cfu/mL) occurred in nine of 26 samples (35%) and seven of 14 samples (50%) in the first and second study periods, respectively. Of these, five (20%) and three (21%) contained significant contamination (>/=10(4)cfu/mL). Bacteria of low pathogenicity were found in T(0) samples. Bacteria present in T(2) samples were pathogenic and multiple in 50% of cases. These results suggest that manipulation of the enteral nutrition bags at the bedside is critical for bacterial safety.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Phylogenetic relatedness among leptospiral strains belonging to same serovar recovered from patients with different clinical syndromes.

Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonotic disease with widespread distribution. The disease, caused by a large number of pathogenic serovars of leptospires, varies in severity from mild flu like illness to severe and fatal forms. It has often been observed that the strains of the same serovar are associated with different clinical syndromes. In this study the isolates recovered from patients with mild and severe form of leptospirosis and those isolated from rodents trapped in the same areas were analyzed by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting method using the primers PB1, M16, B11 and B12. RAPD fingerprinting patterns of these strains consistently showed five different genetic clusters. Strains belonging to serovar Ratnapura that caused hepato-renal involvement in patients in South India were genetically dissimilar to strains of the same serovar isolated from patients in Andamans who had pulmonary complications. Strains of other serovars causing mild and sever illness could also be discriminated. However, isolates obtained from human patients and rodents in the same geographical areas showed identical fingerprint patterns indicating that strains circulating in different geographical regions, though belonging to same serovar, are unique to each region.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Histone deacetylase inhibitors differentially stabilize acetylated p53 and induce cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.

In LNCaP prostate cancer cells CG-1521, a new inhibitor of histone deacetylases, alters the acetylation of p53 in a site-specific manner. While p53 is constitutively acetylated at Lys320 in LNCaP cells, treatment with CG-1521, stabilizes the acetylation of p53 at Lys373, elevating p21 (and inducing cell cycle arrest). Treatment with CG-1521 also promotes Bax translocation to the mitochondria and cleavage, and apoptosis. TSA stabilizes the acetylation of p53 at Lys382, elevating p21 levels and inducing cell cycle arrest, but does not induce Bax translocation or apoptosis. In LNCaP cells CG-1521, but not TSA, promotes the rapid degradation of HDAC2. These data suggest that the acetylation of p53 at Lys373 is required for the p53-mediated induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, while acetylation of p53 at Lys382 induces only cell cycle arrest. In p53(-/-) PC3 cells both compounds induce p21 and cell cycle arrest, but not Bax translocation or apoptosis, suggesting that both compounds can also induce p21 through a p53-independent mechanism.

Acetylation↗
PubMed2005

Haplotypes in the gene encoding protein kinase c-beta (PRKCB1) on chromosome 16 are associated with autism.

Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication associated with repetitive patterns of interest or behavior. Autism is highly influenced by genetic factors. Genome-wide linkage and candidate gene association approaches have been used to try and identify autism genes. A few loci have repeatedly been reported linked to autism. Several groups reported evidence for linkage to a region on chromosome 16p. We have applied a direct physical identity-by-descent (IBD) mapping approach to perform a high-density (0.85 megabases) genome-wide linkage scan in 116 families from the AGRE collection. Our results confirm linkage to a region on chromosome 16p with autism. High-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and analysis of this region show that haplotypes in the protein kinase c-beta gene are strongly associated with autism. An independent replication of the association in a second set of 167 trio families with autism confirmed our initial findings. Overall, our data provide evidence that the PRKCB1 gene on chromosome 16p may be involved in the etiology of autism.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed2005

Virtual reality therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy for social phobia: a preliminary controlled study.

Social phobia is one of the most frequent mental disorders and is accessible to two forms of scientifically validated treatments: anti-depressant drugs and cognitive behavior therapies (CBT). In this last case, graded exposure to feared social situations is one of the fundamental therapeutic ingredients. Virtual reality technologies are an interesting alternative to the standard exposure in social phobia, especially since studies have shown its usefulness for the fear of public speaking. This paper reports a preliminary study in which a virtual reality therapy (VRT), based on exposure to virtual environments, was used to treat social phobia. The sample consisted of 36 participants diagnosed with social phobia assigned to either VRT or a group-CBT (control condition). The virtual environments used in the treatment recreate four situations dealing with social anxiety: performance, intimacy, scrutiny, and assertiveness. With the help of the therapist, the patient learns adapted cognitions and behaviors in order to reduce anxiety in the corresponding real situations. Both treatments lasted 12 weeks, and sessions were delivered according to a treatment manual. Results showed statistically and clinically significant improvement in both conditions. The effect-sizes comparing the efficacy of VRT to the control traditional group-CBT revealed that the differences between the two treatments are trivial.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Incorporation of tumor shape into an assessment of spatial heterogeneity for human sarcomas imaged with FDG-PET.

We have been exploring techniques for evaluation of fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) utilization characteristics in human sarcomas measured with positron emission tomography. In previous work, a measure of spatial heterogeneity based on evaluating the deviation of the FDG utilization distribution within the tumor region from a unimodal elliptically contoured spatial pattern was developed. This measure was shown to be a strong prognostic indicator of time to death. The present work explores a more general measure of heterogeneity which incorporates tumor boundary information. The approach relies on the use of a non-parametric representation for the tumor boundary surface. A set of 179 sarcoma patients with follow-up are evaluated with this technique. The results are analyzed to obtain empirical insight into the factors explaining elliptical heterogeneity. In terms of patient survival, the incorporation of the more sophisticated measure of spatial heterogeneity shows some potential improvement in the prediction risk. Further data will enable us to obtain a clearer empirical understanding of the role of the surface information in the measurement of tumor heterogeneity.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed2005

Radioactivity in building materials used in and around Dhaka city.

The activity levels of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K were determined using gamma-ray spectroscopy in different commercial brands of cement, sand and hollow concrete bricks, which were collected from the building material suppliers of Dhaka City. The activity concentrations in the samples were found to be somewhat higher than in other countries. An effort has been made to assess the radiation hazard associated with these materials by determining the gamma activity concentration index I. It was found that the value of I for all the samples was <or=2, which indicates that the gamma dose contribution was not more than 0.3 mSv y(-1). The samples considered were safe for use in the construction of urban dwellings in Bangladesh and do not pose any significant source of radiation hazard.

Air Pollution, Indoor↗
PubMed2005

A clone of Leptospira interrogans sensu stricto is the major cause of leptospirosis in the archipelago of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.

AIMS: Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India has a century long history of human leptospirosis. Several isolates have been recovered over the years from different locations. The present study was undertaken to understand the clonal relationship between all these pathogenic leptospires recovered from these islands. METHODS AND RESULTS: Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) was employed to genetically characterize 40 isolates recovered during 1995--2001 and their fingerprints were compared with those of 26 reference strains of known genetic and serological affinities. Sequences of PCR-amplified products from representative isolates were compared with those of different strains belonging to seven genospecies. AP-PCR fingerprints revealed that 32 of the 40 isolates were clonal in nature and fingerprints of all the isolates matched with known reference strains of pathogenic Leptospira interrogans sensu stricto. Comparison of sequence data of PCR amplified products of reference strains and isolates also corroborated these findings. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed that 80% of the isolates recovered from these islands were clonal in nature and all the isolates taken in the study belonged to Leptospira interrogans sensu stricto. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: An extension of the study in animal population would help in understanding the transmission dynamics of this commonly circulating clone in these islands, which in turn might help in effective control of this public health problem.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Application of an improved method for the recombinant k 39 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect visceral leishmaniasis disease and infection in Bangladesh.

Several serology-based immunoassays are used to diagnose visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a chronic protozoan parasitic disease caused by the Leishmania donovani complex. These tests are primarily designed to diagnose the most severe clinical form of VL, known as kala-azar. However, leishmanial infection is frequently asymptomatic and may manifest only as a positive serologic response or positive leishmanin skin test. We modified a previously described enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects patient antibodies reactive with the recombinant Leishmania protein K39 (rK39) to confirm suspected kala-azar and to detect asymptomatic infection in a community study in Bangladesh. With the inclusion of a standard curve on each ELISA plate, the rK39 ELISA was more repeatable (kappa coefficient of agreement=0.970) and more reliable compared to the original method (kappa=0.587, P<0.001). The cutoff point for a positive antibody response was chosen based on the 99th percentile of the ELISA distribution for the negative-control sera. However, we found that sera from all patients with active kala-azar yielded values more than twice the magnitude of this cutoff. Using receiver-operator characteristic curves, we determined a second cutoff value predictive of kala-azar. Using these criteria, the sensitivity and specificity of the modified ELISA for kala-azar were 97.0% and 98.9%, respectively, for sera from our study population. We hypothesize that individuals with antibody levels greater than the 99th percentile of the negative controls but less than the cutoff point for kala-azar have asymptomatic leishmanial infections.

Animals↗